General practice aid.
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Consult microbiologist. |
Antitetanus toxin, HIV and Hepatitis B, C vaccine. |
Send sputum sample for culture. |
Proton pump inhibitors (PPIs) Omeprazole, Esomeprazole, Lansoprazole, Pantoprazole, Rabiprazole. |
Protozoal Eye infection Propamidine isetionate. Viral Eye infection Aciclovir, Ganciclovir. |
Common calcium channel blockers. Amlodipine : Nifedipine : Felodipine : Diltiazem : Verapamil : Nicardipine : Isradipine : Lercanidipine : Nimodipine : Bepridil |
Common Beta-blockers Propranolol: Metoprolol: Atenolol: Carvedilol: Bisoprolol: Nebivolol: |
β-lactamase inhibitors. Clavulanic acid: Sulbactam: Tazobactam: Avibactam: Vaborbactam: |
First-generation antipsychotics drugs. Chlorpromazine: Haloperidol: Fluphenazine: Perphenazine: Trifluoperazine: Thioridazine Second-generation antipsychotics drugs. Aripiprazole: Risperidone: Olanzapine: Quetiapine: Ziprasidone: Paliperidone: Lurasidone: Asenapine: Brexpiprazole: Cariprazine: |
Ciprofloxacin, Cinoxacin, Delafloxacin, Gatifloxacin, Gemifloxacin, Levofloxacin, Moxifloxacin, Norfloxacin, Ofloxacin, Sparfloxacin, Lomefloxacin, Trovafloxacin, Nalidixic acid Acute prostatis can be treat Quinolone+Trimethoprim |
Aminoglycoside antibiotics Streptomycin: gentamicin: Amikacin: Kanamycin: Neomycin: |
Tetracycline antibiotics Doxycycline: Minocycline: Demeclocycline: Oxytetracycline: Chlortetracycline: Glycylcyclines (Tigecycline): Eravacycline: Sarecycline: Omadacycline: |
Penicillin antibiotics Penicillin G: Penicillin V: Amoxicillin: Ampicillin: Oxacillin: Cloxacillin: Dicloxacillin: Flucloxacillin: Ticarcillin: Piperacillin: Carbenicillin: Mezlocillin: |
Sympathomimetic drugs. Albuterol, Pseudoephedrine, Epinephrine (Adrenaline), Norepinephrine (Noradrenaline), Dopamine, Phenylephrine, Ephedrine, Isoproterenol, Terbutaline, Dobutamine. |
Parasympathomimetic drugs. Acetylcholine: Bethanechol: Pilocarpine: Carbachol: Methacholine: Donepezil: Rivastigmine: Physostigmine: |
Indications - Alzheimer’s disease, such as memory loss, Confusion and problems with thinking and reasoning. Acetylcholinesterase inhibitors. Pyridostigmine (Mestinon), Neostigmine (Prostigmin), Edrophonium (Tensilon), Donepezil: Rivastigmine: Galantamine: |
Indications - Glaucoma and in the management of urinary retention, Certain gastrointestinal disorders. Muscarinic agonists drugs. Bethanechol: Pilocarpine: Carbachol: Methacholine: Oxotremorine: Cevimeline: McN-A-343: Muscarine: |
Indications - Overactive bladder, irritable bowel syndrome, motion sickness, Parkinson's disease and some types of poisoning. They are also commonly used in anesthesia to prevent unwanted muscarinic effects during surgery, such as excessive salivation or bradycardia. Side effects - Dry mouth, Constipation, Blurred vision and urinary retention, particularly at higher doses or for extended periods. Anticholinergics drugs, Muscarinic Antagonists drugs. Atropine: Scopolamine: Tiotropium: Oxybutynin: Tolterodine: Glycopyrrolate: Ipratropium: Benztropine: Solifenacin:Trihexyphenidyl: Darifenacin: Fesoterodine: Hyoscyamine: Dicyclomine: |
Synthetic Synthetic prostaglandin, Prostacyclin analog. Epoprostenol: Treprostinil: Iloprost: Beraprost: Latanoprost: Dinoprostone: |
Alpha-1 blockers or alpha-1 adrenergic antagonists. Doxazosin: Prazosin: Terazosin: Alfuzosin: Tamsulosin: Silodosin: |
Phosphodiesterase type 5 (PDE5) inhibitors. Sildenafil: Tadalafil: Vardenafil: Avanafil: |
Dopamine agonists. Ropinirole: Pramipexole: Apomorphine: Bromocriptine: Rotigotine: |
Contraindications - Hypercalcemia, hypervitaminosis D, hypersensitivity to calcitriol or vitamin D analogs. Cautions - Renal impairment, history of kidney stones, cardiac arrhythmias, dehydration. Avoid - Renal impairment, breastfeeding. Trade names - Liquical® Cap Drug interactions - Thiazide diuretics (may increase risk of hypercalcemia), digoxin, magnesium-containing antacids. Adult dose - Typically 0.25 to 0.5 mcg daily; dose adjusted based on serum calcium and clinical response. Child dose - Usually 0.25 to 0.5 mcg daily; dose individualized. |
Contraindications - Hypocalcaemia, esophageal abnormalities delaying esophageal emptying, inability to remain upright for at least 30 minutes after oral dose, hypersensitivity to ibandronic acid. Cautions - Cardiac disease, atypical femoral fractures, renal impairment, gastrointestinal disorders (esophagitis, gastritis), dental procedures (risk of osteonecrosis of the jaw). Avoid - Hypocalcaemia. Trade names - tab:®, Cap:® Drug interactions - Calcium supplements, antacids, and other oral medications containing divalent cations (may reduce absorption if taken simultaneously). Adult dose - Oral 150 mg once monthly or 3 mg intravenous infusion every 3 months. Child dose - Not established; use in children not recommended. |
Contraindications - Paget’s disease of bone, unexplained elevations of alkaline phosphatase, prior radiation therapy involving the skeleton, hypercalcemia, hypersensitivity to teriparatide. Cautions - Hypercalcemia, history of bone malignancy or skeletal metastases, renal impairment. Avoid - Pregnancy, breastfeeding. Trade names - Forteo® (injection) Drug interactions - Calcium supplements and vitamin D (may increase serum calcium), digoxin (monitor for digitalis toxicity due to hypercalcemia). Adult dose - 20 mcg subcutaneously once daily. Child dose - Not established; use in children not recommended. |
Contraindications - Hypocalcaemia, abnormalities of oesophagus (e.g. stricture or achalasia), inability to stand or sit upright for at least 30 minutes, hypersensitivity to alendronate. Cautions - Renal impairment, active upper gastrointestinal disorders (e.g. dysphagia, duodenitis, gastritis, ulcers), poor dental hygiene or dental procedures (risk of osteonecrosis of jaw). Avoid - Hypocalcaemia, pregnancy, breast feeding. Side Effects - Abdominal pain, dyspepsia, oesophagitis, musculoskeletal pain, osteonecrosis of jaw (rare), atypical femoral fractures. Trade Names - Ostim tab®, Maxmarvil®, Incepta®, Osto 70 mg Film Coated tab® Drug Interactions - Calcium supplements, antacids, iron, magnesium (reduce absorption); NSAIDs (increase GI irritation). Adult Dose - 70 mg orally once weekly or 10 mg daily, taken with plain water at least 30 minutes before first food or drink. Child Dose - Not recommended in children due to lack of safety and efficacy data. |
Contraindications - Hypocalcemia, hypersensitivity to denosumab or any component of the formulation. Cautions - Hypocalcemia (correct before treatment), renal impairment, infections, dental problems (risk of osteonecrosis of the jaw). Avoid - Pregnancy, breastfeeding. Trade names - Prolia®, Xgeva® Drug interactions - May interact with calcium and vitamin D supplements; ensure adequate calcium and vitamin D intake. Adult dose - 60 mg subcutaneously every 6 months (osteoporosis), 120 mg subcutaneously every 4 weeks (giant cell tumour). Child dose - Not established; use in children is generally not recommended. |
Contraindications - Hypocalcemia, esophageal abnormalities that delay esophageal emptying, inability to sit or stand upright for at least 30 minutes, hypersensitivity to risedronate or bisphosphonates. Cautions - Renal impairment, upper gastrointestinal disorders (e.g., GERD, gastritis), dental problems (risk of osteonecrosis of the jaw). Avoid - Pregnancy, breastfeeding. Trade names - Actonel®, Atelvia® Drug interactions - Calcium, antacids, and oral supplements containing magnesium or aluminum may reduce absorption; separate administration times. Adult dose - 5 mg once daily or 35 mg once weekly orally for osteoporosis; doses may vary for Paget's disease. Child dose - Not established; use in children is generally not recommended. |
Avoid - Bacterial meningitis, avoid abrupt cessation; taper gradually over 5–7 days. Cautions - Use with caution in systemic infections, diabetes mellitus, glaucoma, hypertension, and patients with peptic ulcer history. Drug Interactions - Enzyme inducers (e.g., rifampicin, phenytoin), NSAIDs, anticoagulants, antidiabetics, live vaccines. Trade Names - Dexamethasone tab: Decadron®, Dexpoten® syrup, Maxidex® eye drops (Specialist use only) Adult Dose - Dose and route vary by indication; oral dose typically 0.5–10 mg daily in divided doses. Child Dose - Individualized based on condition and weight; specialist supervision advised. |
Avoid - Unstable angina, severe arrhythmia, active bleeding, breastfeeding. Cautions - Hypotension, hepatic impairment, history of syncope, chronic obstructive pulmonary disease. Drug Interactions - Antihypertensives (additive hypotensive effect), anticoagulants (increased bleeding risk), vasodilators. Trade Names - Ventavis® inhalation solution, Ilomedin® injection, Iloprost® tablets Adult Dose - Inhalation: 2.5–5 micrograms per dose, 6–9 times daily depending on tolerance and need. Child Dose - Not recommended (use only under strict specialist supervision). |
Avoid - Compensatory hypertension, severe vitamin B12 deficiency, known hypersensitivity. Cautions - Hyponatraemia, hypothermia, hypothyroidism, hepatic impairment, renal impairment, pregnancy. Drug Interactions - Other antihypertensives, vasodilators, medications affecting cyanide metabolism (e.g., hydroxocobalamin). Trade Names - Nitropress® inj Adult Dose - IV infusion starting at 0.3 mcg/kg/min; titrate up to a maximum of 10 mcg/kg/min based on BP response. Child Dose - Use with extreme caution; initiate at 0.3–0.5 mcg/kg/min under specialist supervision. |
Avoid - Complete biliary obstruction, pregnancy, breastfeeding, decompensated cirrhosis. Cautions - Hepatic impairment, pruritus, gallstone history. Drug Interactions - Bile acid sequestrants (reduce absorption), warfarin, CYP1A2 substrates. Trade Names - Ocaliva® tab Adult Dose - 5 mg once daily; may increase to 10 mg once daily after 6 months if tolerated. Child Dose - Not recommended due to limited data. |
Contraindications - Second- or third-degree AV block, right bundle branch block with left hemiblock, cardiogenic shock, recent myocardial infarction. Cautions - Structural heart disease, renal or hepatic impairment, elderly, electrolyte imbalance. Avoid - Avoid use in chronic atrial fibrillation, pregnancy, and breastfeeding unless absolutely necessary. Trade Names - Tambocor® tab Drug Interactions - Increased risk of arrhythmia with other antiarrhythmics, beta-blockers, or calcium channel blockers. Inhibited by amiodarone and cimetidine. Adult Dose - Oral: 50–150 mg twice daily; dose individualized based on response and ECG monitoring. Child Dose - Oral: Initial 1–3 mg/kg/day in divided doses; max 6 mg/kg/day under specialist supervision. |
Contraindications - Known hypersensitivity to edrophonium or other anticholinesterases. Cautions - Bradycardia, cardiac conduction disorders, hypotension, peptic ulcer disease, seizure disorders. Avoid - Use with caution or avoid in patients with asthma, urinary or gastrointestinal obstruction, severe hepatic or renal impairment, pregnancy, or breastfeeding. Side Effects - Bradycardia, hypotension, excessive salivation, nausea, vomiting, abdominal cramps, muscle weakness, blurred vision, respiratory distress. Trade Names - inj: Tensilon® Drug Interactions - May enhance effects of other cholinergic drugs; antagonized by anticholinergics (e.g., atropine). Adult Dose - IV: 2 mg as test dose followed by additional 8 mg if no adverse reaction; observe for immediate response (onset: 30–60 seconds; duration: 5–10 minutes). Child Dose - IV: 0.1 mg/kg slowly under close monitoring; maximum single dose 5 mg. |
Contraindications - Severe hepatic impairment, NYHA class III/IV heart failure, permanent atrial fibrillation, second or third-degree AV block. Cautions - Electrolyte imbalance, QT prolongation, moderate hepatic or renal impairment. Avoid - Pregnancy, breastfeeding, bradycardia, concurrent use with strong CYP3A inhibitors or QT-prolonging agents. Trade Names - tab: Multaq® Drug Interactions - Avoid with potent CYP3A4 inhibitors (e.g., ketoconazole), digoxin, and warfarin (requires monitoring). Adult Dose - Oral: 400 mg twice daily with meals. Child Dose - Not recommended for use in children. |
Contraindications - Second or third-degree AV block, sick sinus syndrome (unless patient has a functioning pacemaker). Cautions - History of seizures, conduction disturbances, recent heart transplant, concomitant use of digoxin or verapamil. Avoid - Asthma, severe hypotension, obstructive pulmonary disease, long QT syndrome. Trade Names - inj: Adenocor® Drug Interactions - Increased effect with dipyridamole; antagonized by methylxanthines (e.g., theophylline, caffeine). Adult Dose - 6 mg IV rapid bolus over 1–2 seconds; if ineffective, may give 12 mg after 1–2 minutes; may repeat once more if needed. Child Dose - 0.05–0.1 mg/kg IV bolus; increase by 0.05–0.1 mg/kg every 1–2 minutes until conversion or max 0.3 mg/kg or 12 mg total dose. |
Contraindications - Known hypersensitivity to emicizumab or any excipients. Cautions - Use effective contraception during treatment and for 6 months after the last dose; monitor for thrombotic microangiopathy when used with activated prothrombin complex concentrate. Avoid - Breastfeeding; use caution in patients with history of thrombosis. Trade Names - inj: Hemlibra® (Initiate by a specialist) Drug Interactions - Avoid concurrent use with activated prothrombin complex concentrate due to risk of thrombotic events. Adult Dose - Loading dose: 3 mg/kg SC weekly for 4 weeks; then maintenance 1.5 mg/kg weekly or 3 mg/kg every 2 weeks or 6 mg/kg every 4 weeks. Child Dose - Same dosing as adults; based on body weight, under specialist supervision. |
Contraindications - Hypersensitivity to nimodipine or other dihydropyridine calcium channel blockers. Cautions - Hypotension, raised intracranial pressure, hepatic impairment, elderly patients, pregnancy. Avoid - Unstable angina, breastfeeding, concomitant use with strong CYP3A4 inhibitors (e.g., ketoconazole, clarithromycin). Trade Names - tab: Nimotop® Drug Interactions - Increased plasma levels with CYP3A4 inhibitors; reduced effect with CYP3A4 inducers (e.g., rifampin, carbamazepine). Adult Dose - 60 mg orally every 4 hours for 21 days, starting within 96 hours of subarachnoid hemorrhage. Child Dose - Not established; use only under specialist guidance if necessary. |
Contraindications - Known hypersensitivity to etofenamate, other NSAIDs, or excipients; broken or infected skin. Cautions - Avoid contact with eyes and mucous membranes; use with caution in patients with history of asthma or allergic reactions to NSAIDs. Avoid - Open wounds, eczema, pregnancy (especially third trimester), breastfeeding. Trade Names - gel: Dolo-Denk® Drug Interactions - Minimal systemic absorption, but caution with systemic NSAIDs due to potential cumulative effects. Adult Dose - Apply 3–5 cm of gel to the affected area 3–4 times daily and massage gently. Child Dose - Not recommended for children under 14 years of age. |
Contraindications - Severe renal impairment, metabolic alkalosis, sodium-restricted diets. Cautions - Cardiac disease, hypertension, renal impairment; monitor serum electrolytes with prolonged use. Avoid - In patients with sodium overload or hyperkalaemia risk. Trade Names - oral soln: Alkacitron® Drug Interactions - May affect the excretion of weakly basic or acidic drugs by altering urinary pH. Adult Dose - 5–10 mL diluted in water, 3 times daily after meals. Child Dose - Not recommended unless prescribed by a specialist. |
Contraindications - Heart failure due to severe left ventricular dysfunction, active bleeding, hypersensitivity. Cautions - Hypotension, bleeding disorders, pulmonary oedema; monitor blood pressure and platelet count. Avoid - Abrupt discontinuation; avoid use in conditions with increased bleeding risk. Trade Names - Flolan inj:®, Veletri inj:® (Specialist use only) Drug Interactions - May enhance effects of antihypertensives, anticoagulants, and antiplatelets. Adult Dose - Initially 2 ng/kg/min IV infusion, titrated to effect and tolerance. Child Dose - Dose under specialist supervision only. |
Contraindications - Active bleeding, severe hepatic impairment, recent surgery, pregnancy. Cautions - Renal impairment, hepatic impairment, elderly; frequent INR monitoring required. Avoid - Breastfeeding, alcohol consumption, NSAIDs, or other agents affecting clotting. Trade Names - Dindevan tab:® Drug Interactions - Potentiated by antibiotics, NSAIDs, and other anticoagulants; antagonised by vitamin K. Adult Dose - Initial: 200–300 mg daily for 2 days, then adjust based on INR (typical maintenance 25–100 mg/day). Child Dose - Dose individualized based on INR, under specialist supervision only. |
Contraindications - Acute porphyria, cardiogenic shock, significant aortic stenosis, unstable or acute angina. Cautions - Congestive heart failure, elderly, pulmonary oedema; withdraw if ischaemic pain occurs or worsens within 30 minutes of treatment. Side Effects - (IV use): Atrioventricular block, erythema, hepatic disorders, paralytic ileus. (Oral): Abdominal discomfort, angina, asthenia, depression, drowsiness, dyspnoea, erectile dysfunction, hepatic impairment, renal impairment, skin reactions, increased urinary frequency. Avoid - Pregnancy, breastfeeding, severe hepatic or renal impairment. Trade Names - Cardene cap:®, inj:® Drug Interactions - May increase plasma levels of cyclosporine; enhanced hypotensive effect with other antihypertensives. Adult Dose - Oral: 20–40 mg 3 times daily. IV: Initial 5 mg/hr, increase by 2.5 mg/hr every 5 min if needed (max 15 mg/hr). Child Dose - IV: 0.5–3 mcg/kg/min; adjust per BP response (specialist use). |
Cautions - Renal impairment, hypotension, hyperkalemia, dehydration, elderly. Trade Names - Tanatril tab:® Drug Interactions - Increased risk of hyperkalemia with potassium-sparing diuretics or supplements; additive hypotensive effect with other antihypertensives. Adult Dose - Initial: 5–10 mg once daily; maximum: 20 mg once daily. Child Dose - Safety and efficacy not established in children. |
Contraindications - Acute or decompensated heart failure, bronchial asthma, severe bradycardia, heart block, cardiogenic shock. Avoid - Severe hepatic impairment. Side Effects - Anemia, asthma exacerbation, dyspepsia, eye irritation, fluid retention, genital edema, hypercholesterolemia, hyper/hypoglycemia, infection risk, peripheral edema, pulmonary edema, renal dysfunction, urinary disorders, weight gain. Trade Names - Carvil 3.125 mg tab:®, Carvecard 6.25 mg tab:®, Carvipress 3.125 mg tab:® Drug Interactions - May enhance the effect of other antihypertensives; caution with CYP2D6 inhibitors; risk of bradycardia with digoxin. Adult Dose - Hypertension: 12.5–25 mg once daily; Heart failure: Start at 3.125 mg twice daily, titrate gradually. Child Dose - Dosage to be determined by a specialist; limited pediatric data. |
Contraindications - Anuria, hyperkalemia, severe renal impairment. Cautions - Diabetes mellitus, elderly, liver disease, risk of electrolyte imbalance. Avoid - Breastfeeding. Trade Names - Moduretic tab:® Drug Interactions - Increased risk of hyperkalemia with ACE inhibitors, ARBs, NSAIDs, and potassium supplements. Adult Dose - Usually 1 tab daily (containing 5 mg amiloride + 50 mg hydrochlorothiazide). Child Dose - Not recommended unless under specialist supervision. |
Contraindications - Severe renal or hepatic impairment, sulfonamide allergy. Cautions - Electrolyte imbalance, gout, diabetes, acute porphyrias. Avoid - Breastfeeding. Trade Names - Natrilix tab:® Drug Interactions - May enhance effects of other antihypertensives; risk of hypokalemia with corticosteroids, digitalis toxicity. Adult Dose - 1.5 mg modified-release once daily or 2.5 mg standard tab once daily. Child Dose - Not recommended. |
Contraindications - History of angioedema, pregnancy, bilateral renal artery stenosis. Cautions - Hepatic impairment, renal impairment, elderly, dehydration. Avoid - In pregnancy and during breastfeeding. Trade Names - Monopril tab:® Drug Interactions - Increased risk of hyperkalemia with potassium-sparing diuretics or supplements; NSAIDs may reduce antihypertensive effect. Adult Dose - Initial: 10 mg once daily; maintenance: 10–40 mg once daily. Child Dose - Safety and efficacy not established. |
Contraindications - Pregnancy, severe hepatic impairment, biliary obstructive disorders. Cautions - Heart failure, renal artery stenosis, renal impairment, volume depletion. Avoid - Pregnancy, breastfeeding. Trade Names - Edarbi tab:® Drug Interactions - May increase serum potassium with potassium-sparing diuretics; NSAIDs may reduce effect and impair renal function. Adult Dose - Initial: 40 mg once daily; may be increased to 80 mg if needed. Child Dose - Not recommended due to insufficient data. |
Contraindications - Pregnancy, severe hepatic impairment, cholestasis, biliary obstructive disorders. Cautions - Renal artery stenosis, volume depletion, renal impairment. Avoid - In pregnancy and in patients with severe hepatic dysfunction. Trade Names - Atacand tab:® Drug Interactions - Risk of hyperkalemia with potassium-sparing diuretics; NSAIDs may reduce efficacy and impair renal function. Adult Dose - Initially 8 mg once daily, can be increased to 16–32 mg once daily depending on response. Child Dose - Children 1–17 years: 0.2–0.4 mg/kg once daily; adjust as needed under specialist supervision. |
Contraindications - Pregnancy, bilateral renal artery stenosis. Cautions - Renal impairment, volume depletion, hepatic impairment. Avoid - In pregnancy and in severe hepatic dysfunction. Trade Names - Teveten tab:® Drug Interactions - Additive hypotension with diuretics; risk of hyperkalemia with potassium supplements or potassium-sparing diuretics. Adult Dose - 600–800 mg once daily or in divided doses. Child Dose - Not recommended due to lack of safety data. |
Contraindications - Pregnancy, severe renal impairment, concomitant use with ACE inhibitors or ARBs in patients with diabetes. Cautions - Mild to moderate renal impairment, volume depletion, electrolyte imbalance. Avoid - Use with potassium-sparing diuretics or potassium supplements without monitoring. Trade Names - Rasilez tab:® Drug Interactions - May increase serum potassium with ACE inhibitors, ARBs, or potassium supplements; reduced bioavailability with high-fat meals. Adult Dose - 150 mg once daily; may increase to 300 mg once daily if needed. Child Dose - Not recommended due to limited safety data. |
Contraindications - Pheochromocytoma, acute myocardial infarction, aortic dissection. Cautions - Must be used with a beta-blocker and diuretic to prevent reflex tachycardia and fluid retention; use caution in heart failure and renal impairment. Avoid - Monotherapy, abrupt withdrawal. Trade Names - Loniten tab:® Drug Interactions - Additive hypotension with other antihypertensives; enhanced fluid retention with NSAIDs. Adult Dose - Initially 5 mg daily; usual range 10–40 mg daily in 1–2 divided doses. Child Dose - 200–1000 mcg/kg/day in 2–3 divided doses; adjust based on response and tolerance. |
Contraindications - Coronary artery disease, hypotension. Cautions - Tachycardia, gastric or duodenal ulcers, elderly patients; monitor BP closely. Avoid - Use in patients with angina or recent MI without specialist advice. Trade Names - Regitine inj:® Drug Interactions - May potentiate effects of other antihypertensives; additive hypotensive effects with nitrates and diuretics. Adult Dose - 2.5–5 mg IV, may repeat every few minutes as needed. Child Dose - 0.05–0.1 mg/kg IV (maximum 5 mg per dose). |
Contraindications - Pregnancy, breastfeeding, severe hepatic impairment. Cautions - Renal impairment, requires effective contraception before and during treatment. Avoid - Use in pregnancy and lactation. Trade Names - Volibris tab:® (Under specialist supervision) Drug Interactions - CYP3A4 inducers/inhibitors may affect plasma levels; avoid with strong inhibitors. Adult Dose - 5 mg once daily, may increase to 10 mg once daily if tolerated. Child Dose - Not recommended. |
Contraindications - Pregnancy, breastfeeding, moderate to severe hepatic impairment, concurrent cyclosporine use. Cautions - Liver function abnormalities, anaemia; requires contraception before and during treatment. Avoid - Use in pregnancy, breastfeeding, and in moderate to severe hepatic impairment. Trade Names - Tracleer tab:® (Under specialist supervision) Drug Interactions - CYP3A4 and CYP2C9 inducers/inhibitors may alter plasma levels; interacts with cyclosporine and glyburide. Adult Dose - 62.5 mg twice daily for 4 weeks, then 125 mg twice daily. Child Dose - Initially 2 mg/kg twice daily (adjust per specialist). |
Contraindications - Pregnancy, breastfeeding, severe hepatic impairment. Cautions - Anaemia, hepatic dysfunction; requires effective contraception before and during treatment. Avoid - Use in pregnancy and breastfeeding. Trade Names - Opsumit tab:® (Under specialist supervision) Drug Interactions - May interact with CYP3A4 inducers/inhibitors affecting plasma concentrations. Adult Dose - 10 mg once daily. Child Dose - Not recommended. |
Avoid - Severe organic heart disease, acute renal disease, urinary retention, thyrotoxicosis. Cautions - Hypertension while lying down, renal impairment; regular blood pressure monitoring required. Trade Names - tab: Bramox® (Under specialist supervision) Adult Dose - 2.5 mg 2–3 times daily; maximum 10 mg three times daily. Child Dose - Not recommended. |
Avoid - Addison’s disease, hyperkalaemia, severe renal impairment. Cautions - Diabetes, gout, electrolyte disturbances, hepatic impairment. Trade Names - tab:® (Under specialist supervision) Adult Dose - One tablet daily (contains 50 mg potassium canrenoate + 20 mg hydrochlorothiazide). Child Dose - Not recommended. |
Avoid - Hyperkalaemia, severe renal impairment, Addison’s disease. Cautions - Diabetes, electrolyte disturbances, hepatic impairment. Trade Names - tab: Inspra® (Under specialist supervision) Adult Dose - 25–50 mg once daily. Child Dose - Not recommended. |
Avoid - Hypersensitivity to cholic acid. Cautions - Liver impairment. Trade Names - oral granules: Orphacol® (Under specialist supervision) Adult Dose - 15 mg/kg daily in divided doses. Child Dose - 15 mg/kg daily in divided doses. |
Avoid - Pregnancy, breastfeeding, hypersensitivity. Cautions - Thrombosis risk, haematological toxicity, renal impairment. Trade Names - cap: Revlimid® (Under specialist supervision) Adult Dose - Depends on indication and regimen. Child Dose - Not recommended. |
Indications - Opioid-induced constipation in adults with chronic non-cancer pain. Contraindications - Suspected or known gastrointestinal obstruction, hypersensitivity to naloxegol or its components, use with strong CYP3A4 inhibitors (e.g., clarithromycin, ketoconazole). Avoid - Pregnancy, breastfeeding, severe hepatic impairment, advanced ovarian cancer. Cautions - Alzheimer’s disease, cardiovascular disease, congestive heart failure, Crohn’s disease, diverticulitis, peptic ulcer disease, recent myocardial infarction (within 6 months), moderate hepatic or renal impairment. Side Effects - Abdominal pain, diarrhea, nausea, flatulence, headache, vomiting, potential opioid withdrawal symptoms. Trade Names - Movantik tab:® Drug Interactions - Avoid strong CYP3A4 inhibitors (e.g., ketoconazole, clarithromycin), caution with moderate inhibitors (e.g., diltiazem), avoid inducers like rifampin. Adult Dose - 25 mg once daily on an empty stomach; consider 12.5 mg if using a moderate CYP3A4 inhibitor or in renal impairment. Child Dose - Not recommended for pediatric use. |
Contraindications - Intestinal obstruction, severe inflammatory bowel disease (e.g., ulcerative colitis, Crohn’s disease), hypersensitivity to prucalopride. Avoid - Pregnancy, breastfeeding, intestinal obstruction, severe ulcerative colitis. Cautions - History of arrhythmias, ischemic heart disease, severe renal impairment, need for contraception in women of childbearing potential. Drug Interactions - Use with caution with other drugs affecting QT interval, serotoninergic drugs (risk of serotonin syndrome). Trade Names - Resolor® tab:®, cap:® Adult Dose - 2 mg orally once daily, may be reduced to 1 mg in renal impairment. Child Dose - Not recommended. |
Contraindications - Intestinal obstruction, known or suspected bowel perforation, toxic megacolon. Avoid - Intestinal obstruction. Cautions - Electrolyte imbalance with prolonged use, caution in renal impairment. Drug Interactions - May reduce absorption of other oral medications if taken simultaneously; separate dosing recommended. Trade Names - Movicol® powder for oral solution:® Adult Dose - Typically 2 sachets daily, dissolved in water, can be adjusted as per clinical response. Child Dose - Dose individualized according to age and weight, often lower than adult dosing. |
Contraindications - Fecal impaction, intestinal obstruction, colonic atony, infective bowel disease, difficulty swallowing. Cautions - Ensure adequate fluid intake to prevent intestinal obstruction; use with caution in the elderly and those with gastrointestinal motility disorders. Avoid - Use in patients with difficulty swallowing or those at risk of esophageal blockage. Trade Names - Normacol® granules, Regulan® tab Drug Interactions - May reduce absorption of other oral medications; separate doses by at least 1–2 hours. Adult Dose - Typically 1–2 sachets (granules) or tablets once or twice daily with plenty of water. Child Dose - Half adult dose; adjust according to age and response, ensure high fluid intake. |
Contraindications - Fecal impaction, intestinal obstruction, colonic atony, acute surgical abdomen, inflammatory bowel disease, undiagnosed abdominal pain. Cautions - Ensure adequate fluid intake to prevent intestinal obstruction; use with caution in the elderly and those with gastrointestinal motility disorders. Avoid - Use in patients with difficulty swallowing or dehydration; long-term use without medical supervision. Trade Names - Normacol Plus® granules Drug Interactions - May reduce absorption of other oral medications; separate doses by at least 1–2 hours. Adult Dose - 1–2 sachets or heaped teaspoons of granules once or twice daily with a full glass of water. Child Dose - Use under medical supervision; generally half the adult dose depending on age. |
Contraindications - Fecal impaction, intestinal obstruction, colonic atony, undiagnosed abdominal pain, acute surgical abdomen, difficulty swallowing. Cautions - Ensure adequate fluid intake to avoid esophageal or intestinal obstruction; use with caution in elderly or debilitated patients. Avoid - Use in patients with dehydration or difficulty in maintaining fluid intake. Trade Names - Citrucel® tab, Celevac® tab Drug Interactions - May interfere with absorption of other oral medications—administer at least 1–2 hours apart. Adult Dose - 1 g three times daily with a full glass of water. Child Dose - 500 mg up to 6 times daily, with adequate fluids; use under medical supervision. |
Contraindications - Hypersensitivity to salicylates or aminosalicylates, severe hepatic or renal impairment, intestinal obstruction. Avoid - Use during pregnancy and in patients with known renal impairment unless clearly necessary. Cautions - History of asthma, hepatic impairment, blood dyscrasias, elderly patients. Drug Interactions - Nephrotoxic agents (e.g., NSAIDs), azathioprine, 6-mercaptopurine (increased risk of myelosuppression). Trade Names - Colazide® cap Adult Dose - 2.25 g (three 750 mg capsules) twice daily or as directed. Child Dose - Over 5 years: typically 750 mg three times daily; dosage may vary based on age and weight under specialist supervision. |
Contraindications - Concurrent use with MAO inhibitors, uncontrolled hypertension, cardiac arrhythmias. Avoid - Pregnancy, breastfeeding, severe cardiac disease. Cautions - Hepatic impairment, renal impairment, bleeding disorders, seizure risk, glaucoma, history of mania or bipolar disorder. Drug Interactions - MAO inhibitors (risk of serotonin syndrome), anticoagulants (increased bleeding risk), SSRIs/SNRIs, CNS depressants, CYP2D6 and CYP3A4 inhibitors. Trade Names - VENICE® 75 mg cap Adult Dose - Initial: 75 mg/day in divided doses; may increase up to 150–225 mg/day depending on response and tolerability. Child Dose - Not recommended (efficacy and safety not established). |
Avoid - Arrhythmias, during manic phase of bipolar disorder, heart block, immediate recovery period after myocardial infarction. Contraindications - Hypersensitivity to amitriptyline, recent myocardial infarction, concomitant use with MAO inhibitors. Cautions - Seizure disorders, angle-closure glaucoma, urinary retention, elderly patients, hepatic impairment. Drug Interactions - MAO inhibitors (risk of serotonin syndrome), CNS depressants, alcohol, other serotonergic drugs, antihypertensives (may enhance hypotensive effect), QT prolonging drugs. Trade Names - Tripnatol FC-25 tab: Adult Dose - Typically 25–150 mg daily in divided doses or at night, adjusted according to response. Child Dose - Use with caution, usually lower doses; specific pediatric dosing depends on indication and clinical judgment. |
Avoid - Pregnancy, breastfeeding, hepatic or severe renal impairment. Cautions - Bleeding disorders, cardiac disease, elderly, history of mania or seizures, hypertension, raised intraocular pressure. Duzela 20 mg Cap:® Adult Dose - Initial: 30–60 mg once daily; max 120 mg/day. Child Dose - Not recommended for most indications. |
Avoid - Abrupt withdrawal. Cautions - Hepatic impairment, QT prolongation, electrolyte imbalance. tab:®, Cap:® Adult Dose - Initial: 20 mg daily; max 40 mg/day (elderly: max 20 mg/day). Child Dose - Not routinely recommended. |
Avoid - Pregnancy, breastfeeding, abrupt withdrawal. Cautions - Hepatic and renal impairment (adjust dose), seizure risk. Side Effects - May cause sinusitis, nausea, insomnia. Esirav-5 tab:®, Esirav-10 tab:®, Esirav-20 tab:®, Nexito tab:®, Escivex tab:® Adult Dose - Initial: 10 mg daily; may increase to 20 mg/day. Child Dose - For selected indications only, under specialist supervision. |
Contraindications - Use with non-selective MAO inhibitors, pethidine, SSRIs within 14 days. Avoid - Pregnancy, Breastfeeding. Cautions - Hepatic impairment. Trade Names - Aurorix®, Manerix® Adult Dose - Initial: 300 mg/day in divided doses; may increase to 600 mg/day. Child Dose - Not recommended. |
Contraindications - Concurrent MAO inhibitors. Avoid - Abrupt withdrawal. Cautions - Bipolar disorder, cardiovascular disease, epilepsy, prostatic hypertrophy, hepatic/renal impairment. Trade Names - Edronax®, Vestra® Adult Dose - 4 mg twice daily; may increase to 10–12 mg/day. Child Dose - Not recommended. |
Contraindications - Concurrent tyramine‑rich diet, SSRIs, dextromethorphan. Avoid - Breastfeeding. Cautions - Renal impairment, hypertension, epilepsy. Trade Names - Marplan® Adult Dose - 10 mg twice daily; max 60 mg/day. Child Dose - Not recommended. |
Contraindications - Breastfeeding, pheochromocytoma, cardiovascular disease. Avoid - Tyramine-rich foods. Cautions - Renal impairment, cardiovascular disease. Trade Names - Nardil®, Metatens® Adult Dose - 15 mg three times daily; max 90 mg/day. Child Dose - Not recommended. |
Contraindications - Breastfeeding, congestive HF, hepatic disease, hyperthyroidism. Avoid - Tyramine-rich foods. Cautions - Elderly, renal impairment, dietary restrictions. Trade Names - Parnate®, Jatrosom® Adult Dose - 10 mg twice daily; max 60 mg/day. Child Dose - Not recommended. |
Contraindications - Dementia, age > 75, pregnancy, breastfeeding. Avoid - Severe hepatic impairment. Cautions - Hepatic/renal impairment, alcoholism, bipolar disorder, diabetes, obesity, fatty liver. Trade Names - Valdoxan®, Thymorel® Adult Dose - 25 mg at bedtime; may increase to 50 mg after 2 weeks. Child Dose - Not recommended. |
Avoid - Breastfeeding. Cautions - Dementia with Lewy Bodies, Pregnancy, Hepatic and Renal impairment. Trade Names - Saphris® Adult Dose - 5–10 mg sublingually twice daily. Child Dose - Not established. |
Avoid - Acute pulmonary insufficiency, Neuromuscular weakness, Sleep apnoea, Prolonged use, Pregnancy. Cautions - Debilitated patients, Hepatic and Renal impairment, Elderly, History of substance abuse. Trade Names - Diazepam (Valium®), Lorazepam (Ativan®), Alprazolam (Xanax®), Clonazepam (Klonopin®) Adult Dose - Varies by agent. Example: Diazepam 2–10 mg orally 2–4 times daily. Child Dose - Weight-based; e.g., Diazepam 0.12–0.8 mg/kg/day in divided doses. |
Avoid - Visual field defects, Breastfeeding. Cautions - Pregnancy, Renal impairment, Elderly, History of psychosis, Depression, Behavioural issues. Trade Names - Sabril® Adult Dose - Initial: 500 mg twice daily; max 3 g/day. Child Dose - 40–50 mg/kg/day in divided doses (for infantile spasms). |
Avoid - Acute porphyrias. Cautions - Hepatic impairment. Trade Names - Gabitril® Adult Dose - 4–56 mg/day in divided doses; start low, titrate weekly. Child Dose - Safety and efficacy not established. |
Avoid - History of psychosis, Hepatic or Renal impairment. Cautions - Pregnancy, Breastfeeding. Trade Names - Diacomit® Adult Dose - Not typically used in adults; dosing based on body weight. Child Dose - 50 mg/kg/day in 2–3 divided doses. |
Avoid - Pregnancy, Breastfeeding, Severe renal impairment. Cautions - Hepatic impairment. Trade Names - Fycompa® Adult Dose - 2–12 mg once daily at bedtime. Child Dose - ≥4 years: Start 2 mg/day, titrate to max 12 mg/day. |
Avoid - Acute porphyrias, Heart block, Sinus bradycardia. Cautions - Heart failure, Hypotension, Respiratory depression, Hepatic impairment, Pregnancy, IM administration. Trade Names - Dilantin®, Eptoin® Adult Dose - 300–400 mg/day orally in divided doses; loading dose: 15–20 mg/kg IV. Child Dose - 5 mg/kg/day in 2–3 divided doses; adjust per plasma levels. |
Avoid - Pregnancy, Breastfeeding, Abrupt withdrawal. Cautions - Hepatic impairment. Trade Names - Briviact® Adult Dose - Initial 50 mg twice daily; adjust between 25–100 mg twice daily. Child Dose - ≥4 years: 1–2 mg/kg twice daily; max 100 mg/day. |
Avoid - Pregnancy, Breastfeeding, Severe hepatic impairment. Cautions - Renal impairment, Epilepsy, History of seizures. Trade Names - Namenda®, Ebixa®, Admenta® Adult Dose - Start 5 mg once daily; increase weekly to 20 mg/day (10 mg twice daily). Child Dose - Not recommended. |
Avoid - Bladder outflow obstruction, Peptic ulcers, Asthma, COPD. Cautions - Conduction abnormalities, History of seizures, Risk of overdose with patch use, Susceptibility to ulcers. Interactions - Centrally acting anticholinesterases. Side Effects - Anxiety, Appetite loss, Arrhythmia, Diarrhea, Dizziness, Fall risk, GI discomfort, Tremor, UTI, Vomiting, Weight loss. Trade Names - Exelon®, Rivamer®, Rivamer Patch® Adult Dose - Oral: 1.5 mg twice daily; max 6 mg twice daily. Patch: start with 4.6 mg/24h; max 13.3 mg/24h. Child Dose - Not recommended. |
Avoid - Pregnancy, Breastfeeding. Cautions - Peptic ulcer history, Hepatic impairment. Trade Names - Erdotin®, Erdomed®, Mucolite® Adult Dose - 300 mg twice daily. Child Dose - Children >2 years: 150 mg twice daily (adjusted per age). |
Avoid - Newborns, breastfeeding (relative), narrow-angle glaucoma. Cautions - Elderly, epilepsy, urinary retention, prostatic hypertrophy. Trade Names - Piriton®, Allerest®, Histal® Adult Dose - 4 mg every 4–6 hours; max 24 mg/day. Child Dose - 2–6 years: 1 mg every 4–6 hours. 6–12 years: 2 mg every 4–6 hours. Max 12 mg/day. |
Avoid - Hepatic impairment, Renal impairment, Pregnancy, Breastfeeding. Cautions - Elderly, hypokalaemia, history of QT prolongation. Trade Names - Rupanex®, Rupall®, Rinialer® Adult Dose - 10 mg once daily. Child Dose - 2–11 years: 5 mg once daily (oral solution). |
Avoid - Cardiac disease, Hypokalaemia, Pregnancy, Breastfeeding. Trade Names - Mizollen® Adult Dose - 10 mg once daily. Child Dose - Not recommended under 12 years. |
Avoid - Acute porphyrias, Pregnancy, Breastfeeding. Cautions - Elderly, renal impairment. Trade Names - Bilano®, Bilaxten®, Bilasure® Adult Dose - 20 mg once daily. Child Dose - 6–11 years: 10 mg once daily. |
Avoid - Acute porphyrias, Pregnancy, Breastfeeding, Renal impairment. Trade Names - Benadryl Allergy Relief® Adult Dose - 8 mg up to 3 times daily. Child Dose - Not recommended under 12 years. |
Cautions - Arrhythmias, Elderly, Fever, Hypertension, Hyperthyroidism, Peptic ulcer. Trade Names - Deriphylline Retard 300®, Unicontin®, Theodur® Adult Dose - 200–400 mg 12 hourly (modified-release); adjusted per serum level. Child Dose - 10–16 mg/kg/day in 2 divided doses. |
Cautions - Hepatic impairment. Trade Names - Alvesco®, Omnaris® (nasal) Adult Dose - 80–320 mcg once daily. Child Dose - ≥12 years: same as adults; under 12 years: dose per physician. |
Avoid - Pregnancy, Breastfeeding. Cautions - Aneurysm, Seizure disorders, Hepatic impairment. Trade Names - Striverdi Respimat® Adult Dose - 5 mcg once daily via inhaler. Child Dose - Not recommended under 18 years. |
Avoid - Breastfeeding. Cautions - Hepatic impairment, Pregnancy. Trade Names - Onbrez Breezhaler®, Arcapta Neohaler® Adult Dose - 150–300 mcg once daily via inhalation. Child Dose - Not recommended under 18 years. |
Avoid - Cardiac disorders, Breastfeeding. Cautions - Pregnancy, Hepatic impairment. Trade Names - Incruse Ellipta® Adult Dose - 62.5 mcg once daily via inhalation. Child Dose - Not established. |
Avoid - Pregnancy, Breastfeeding. Cautions - Arrhythmia, Heart failure, Myocardial infarction, Renal impairment. Trade Names - Spiriva Respimat®, Spiriva HandiHaler® Adult Dose - 18 mcg once daily via inhalation. Child Dose - Not recommended under 6 years. |
Avoid - Not specified. Cautions - Arrhythmia, Heart failure, Unstable ischaemic heart disease, Myocardial infarction, Pregnancy, Breastfeeding, Renal impairment. Trade Names - Seebri Breezhaler®, Lonhala Magnair®, Inhalation powder® Adult Dose - 44 mcg once daily via inhalation. Child Dose - Not established. |
Avoid - Infants, Children. Contraindications - Hypersensitivity, Urinary retention, Glaucoma, Myasthenia gravis, Severe ulcerative colitis, Obstructive uropathy. Cautions - Arrhythmia, Heart failure, Myocardial infarction, Pregnancy, Breastfeeding. Side Effects - Dry mouth, Blurred vision, Constipation, Urinary retention, Drowsiness, Dizziness, Nausea, Vomiting, Tachycardia, Confusion. Trade Names - Barclomine Syrup®, Inhalation powder® Adult Dose - As directed by a physician. Child Dose - Not recommended. |
Avoid - Acute infection, Asthma, Blood disorders, Deep vein thrombosis, Hyperthyroidism, Neoplasm, Respiratory disease, Uncontrolled diabetes mellitus, Varicose vein caused by tumours, Pregnancy. Cautions - Arterial disease, History of migraine, Breastfeeding. Trade Names - Sotradecol®, Fibro-Vein®, Trombovar® Adult Dose - 0.1–2 mL of 1% or 3% solution injected per vein (maximum 10 mL per session). Child Dose - Not established; use not recommended. |
Avoid - Acute myocardial infarction, Cerebral haemorrhage, Cardiac arrhythmia, Retinal haemorrhage, Pregnancy. Cautions - Acute porphyrias, Coronary artery disease, Diabetes, Hypotension, Hepatic impairment, Breastfeeding, Reduce dose in renal impairment. Trade Names - tab:®, Cap:® Adult Dose - 400 mg orally 2–3 times daily with meals. Child Dose - Not established. |
Avoid - Not specified. Cautions - Not specified. Trade Names - tab:®, Cap:® Adult Dose - 100–200 mg orally 3 times daily with food. Child Dose - Not established. |
Avoid - Active liver disease. Cautions - Diabetes mellitus. Trade Names - tab:®, Cap:® Adult Dose - 500 mg orally 2–3 times daily or as prescribed. Child Dose - Not established. |
Avoid - Acute phase of cerebrovascular accident, Recent myocardial infarction. Cautions - Cerebrovascular insufficiency, Unstable angina. Trade Names - tab:®, Cap:® Adult Dose - 500 mg orally 2–3 times daily or as directed by physician. Child Dose - Not established. |
Avoid - Not specified. Cautions - Cardiovascular disease, Hypertension, Diabetes mellitus, Angle-closure glaucoma. Trade Names - tab:®, Cap:® Adult Dose - 1 drop in each eye up to 2–3 times daily or as directed. Child Dose - Use with caution in children above 6 years, consult specialist. |
Avoid - Active GI ulcer, Active bladder/prostatic disease, Severe heart failure, Pregnancy, Renal impairment. Cautions - Allergic disorders, Elderly, Heart failure, Ulcerative colitis, Hypertension, Breastfeeding, Hepatic impairment. Trade Names - tab:®, Cap:® Adult Dose - 300 mg orally twice daily or as prescribed. Child Dose - Not recommended. |
Avoid - Active GI ulcer or bleeding, Heart failure, Pregnancy, Renal impairment. Cautions - Allergic disorders, Elderly, Heart disease, Ulcerative colitis, Hypertension, Breastfeeding, Hepatic impairment. Trade Names - Lindac100 tab® Adult Dose - 150–200 mg orally twice daily or as directed. Child Dose - Not recommended. |
Avoid - Active gastrointestinal ulcer or bleeding, Severe heart failure, Pregnancy, Renal impairment. Cautions - Allergic disorders, Elderly, Cardiovascular disease, Ulcerative colitis, Hypertension, Breastfeeding, Hepatic impairment. Trade Names - Mobiflam®, Tilnolac® Drug Interactions - Anticoagulants, other NSAIDs, corticosteroids, ACE inhibitors, diuretics, methotrexate. Adult Dose - 20 mg once daily with food. Child Dose - Not recommended in children under 15 years. |
Avoid - Severe respiratory insufficiency, Myasthenia gravis, Sleep apnoea syndrome, Pregnancy, Breastfeeding. Cautions - Elderly, Hepatic impairment, History of substance abuse, Depression or suicidal ideation. Trade Names - Sove-5®, Stilnoct® Drug Interactions - Other CNS depressants (alcohol, opioids, benzodiazepines), CYP3A4 inhibitors (ketoconazole, erythromycin), rifampicin. Adult Dose - 5 mg at bedtime (women, elderly), 5–10 mg at bedtime (men) for up to 4 weeks. Child Dose - Not established (use not recommended). |
Avoid - Severe renal impairment without dose adjustment. Cautions - Elderly (risk of neurotoxicity), ensure adequate hydration, hepatic impairment. Trade Names - Valavir®, Valtrex® Drug Interactions - Probenecid (increases levels), nephrotoxic agents (e.g., aminoglycosides, NSAIDs), zidovudine. Adult Dose - 500 mg orally twice daily for 5 days for herpes zoster; 500 mg twice daily for 3–5 days for HSV; prophylaxis 500 mg once daily. Child Dose - 5–10 mg/kg twice daily (max 500 mg per dose) for 5 days in children ≥2 years. |
Avoid - Pregnancy, Renal impairment, Active gastrointestinal ulcer or bleeding, Heart failure, Breastfeeding. Cautions - Allergic disorders, Elderly, Heart failure, Ulcerative colitis. Trade Names - Traxam® Drug Interactions - Other NSAIDs, corticosteroids (↑ risk of GI effects). Adult Dose - Apply 1–5 g to affected area 2–4 times daily. Child Dose - Not recommended. |
Avoid - Active bleeding, GI ulcers, Severe dehydration, Heart failure, Ulcerative colitis, Pregnancy, Renal impairment. Cautions - Allergic disorders, Asthma, Coagulation defects, Dehydration, Elderly, History of GI disease, Breastfeeding, Hepatic impairment. Trade Names - Enantyum®, Ketesse® Drug Interactions - Anticoagulants, other NSAIDs, lithium, diuretics, methotrexate. Adult Dose - 25 mg every 8 hours orally (max 75 mg/day). Child Dose - Not established. |
Avoid - Shellfish allergy. Cautions - Avoid concurrent vaginal treatments, mucosal irritation. Trade Names - Relactagel® Drug Interactions - Avoid with spermicides or vaginal douches. Adult Dose - 5 mL intravaginally once daily at bedtime for up to 7 days. Child Dose - Not recommended. |
Avoid - Vaginal ulceration, Pregnancy. Cautions - Irritation of vaginal mucosa. Trade Names - Fluomizin® Drug Interactions - Avoid concurrent intravaginal products. Adult Dose - 1 vaginal tablet daily for 6 days. Child Dose - Not established. |
Avoid - Breastfeeding, confirmed/suspected ectopic pregnancy. Cautions - Inflammatory bowel disease, cardiovascular disease, elderly. Trade Names - Cytotec® Drug Interactions - Oxytocin (additive uterotonic effect). Adult Dose - 400–800 mcg orally, vaginally, or sublingually as per protocol. Child Dose - Not indicated. |
Avoid - Eclampsia, Epilepsy. Cautions - Cardiac disease, Asthma, Migraine, Hyponatraemia. Trade Names - Pabal® Drug Interactions - Other uterotonics (additive effect). Adult Dose - 100 mcg IV as a slow bolus over 1 minute after delivery. Child Dose - Not applicable. |
Avoid - Severe hepatic/renal impairment, Pregnancy, Breastfeeding, Concomitant vasodilators. Cautions - Bleeding disorders, Elderly, Cardiovascular instability. Trade Names - Dorner® Drug Interactions - Other vasodilators (excessive hypotension), anticoagulants (↑ bleeding risk). Adult Dose - 20–60 mcg orally 3–4 times daily. Child Dose - Not established. |
Avoid - Nitrate use, Severe hypotension, Recent MI, Degenerative retinal disorders. Cautions - Elderly, Liver disease, Peptic ulcer, Bleeding disorders. Trade Names - Levitra®, Staxyn® Drug Interactions - Nitrates (contraindicated), alpha-blockers, CYP3A4 inhibitors (e.g., ketoconazole). Adult Dose - 10 mg orally ~1 hour before sexual activity (max 20 mg/day). Child Dose - Not indicated. |
Contraindications - Priapism, penile implants, anatomically deformed penis. Cautions - Sexual partner must ensure contraception; penis deformity. Avoid - None absolute; specialist initiation required. Trade Names - Caverject®, Edex® Drug Interactions - Antihypertensives, anticoagulants, PDE‑5 inhibitors, other vasodilators. Adult Dose - Intracavernosal: 2.5–20 μg per injection; intraurethral: 125–1000 μg. Child Dose - Not established; not recommended. |
Contraindications - Concurrent nitrates or riociguat. Cautions - Hypotension, penis deformity, bleeding disorders, hepatic impairment. Avoid - Pregnancy, breastfeeding, recent MI, uncontrolled arrhythmia or angina. Trade Names - Cialis® Drug Interactions - Alpha-blockers, nitrates, CYP3A4 inhibitors (e.g., ketoconazole), antihypertensives. Adult Dose - Pulmonary HTN: 40 mg daily; ED/BPH: 5–20 mg before intercourse or 2.5–5 mg daily. Child Dose - Not established; not recommended. |
Contraindications - Concurrent nitrates, severe cardiovascular disorders. Cautions - Hepatic or renal impairment, bleeding disorders, penis deformity. Avoid - Significant hypotension, history of severe arrhythmia or heart failure. Trade Names - Spedra® Drug Interactions - Nitrates, alpha-blockers, CYP3A4 inhibitors/inducers. Adult Dose - 50–200 mg taken ~15 minutes before sexual activity. Child Dose - Not established; not recommended. |
Contraindications - Known hypersensitivity. Cautions - Postural hypotension, hepatic impairment, co‑existing prostate hypertrophy. Avoid - Breastfeeding; caution in history of significant orthostatic hypotension. Trade Names - Cardura® Drug Interactions - Antihypertensives, phosphodiesterase inhibitors, diuretics. Adult Dose - 1–4 mg once daily, may increase to 8 mg. Child Dose - Not established; not recommended. |
Contraindications - Severe uncontrolled hypertension, end-stage renal failure. Cautions - Moderate hepatic or renal impairment; history of hypertension; pregnancy or breastfeeding. Avoid - Severe uncontrolled hypertension, pregnancy, breastfeeding. Trade Names - Myrbetriq® Drug Interactions - CYP2D6 substrates (e.g., metoprolol), digoxin, antihypertensives. Adult Dose - 50 mg once daily; reduce to 25 mg if needed. Child Dose - Not established; not recommended. |
Contraindications - Narrow-angle glaucoma, urinary retention, gastric retention, myasthenia gravis. Cautions - Hepatic impairment, bladder outflow obstruction, dementia. Avoid - Pregnancy, breastfeeding, severe hepatic impairment. Trade Names - Vesicare® Drug Interactions - CYP3A4 inhibitors, other anticholinergics. Adult Dose - 5 mg once daily; may increase to 10 mg. Child Dose - Not established; not recommended. |
Contraindications - Urinary retention, gastric retention, uncontrolled angle-closure glaucoma. Cautions - Hepatic or severe renal impairment; elderly; central nervous system disorders. Avoid - Pregnancy, breastfeeding, severe hepatic/renal impairment. Trade Names - Toviaz® Drug Interactions - CYP3A4 inhibitors, other anticholinergics. Adult Dose - 4 mg once daily; may increase to 8 mg. Child Dose - Not established; not recommended. |
Contraindications - Hypersensitivity; pregnancy and breastfeeding; uncontrolled epilepsy; bleeding disorders. Cautions - Peptic ulcer, hypotension. Avoid - Pregnancy, breastfeeding without specialist advice. Trade Names - Cognizin®, Citicholine 500® Drug Interactions - Anticholinergics, antihypertensives, carbidopa. Adult Dose - 500–2,000 mg daily (oral or IV) depending on indication. Child Dose - Not established; use only under specialist supervision. |
Contraindications - None absolute; use with extreme caution in cardiac and metabolic disorders. Cautions - Anaemia, bradycardia, coronary heart disease, history of ventricular arrhythmias, hyperglycaemia, hypoglycaemia, hypertension, hypotension, hypokalaemia, hepatic impairment. Avoid - Pregnancy, breastfeeding. Trade Names - Pentacarinat®, Nebupent® (Specialist use) Drug Interactions - Other nephrotoxic or ototoxic agents (e.g., aminoglycosides), antidiabetics (additive risk of hypoglycaemia), QT‑prolonging drugs. Adult Dose - Pneumocystis pneumonia: IV 4 mg/kg once daily for 14–21 days. Leishmaniasis: IM/IV 2–4 mg/kg daily or on alternate days for up to 20 doses. Child Dose - Similar to adults (dose adjusted per weight); specialist supervision required. |
Contraindications - Known hypersensitivity to azoles. Cautions - Hepatic impairment, renal impairment, electrolyte imbalances (correct before initiation), avoid use in acute porphyria. Avoid - Pregnancy, breastfeeding, acute porphyrias; effective contraception required during therapy. Trade Names - Noxafil® Drug Interactions - CYP3A4 substrates (e.g., statins, midazolam), immunosuppressants (e.g., cyclosporine, tacrolimus), QT‑prolonging drugs, rifampin, phenytoin, carbamazepine. Adult Dose - Oropharyngeal candidiasis: 100–200 mg TID; prophylaxis: 300 mg BID on day 1, then 300 mg OD. Child Dose - Not routinely recommended; specialist discretion in ≥13 years. |
Contraindications - Hypersensitivity to isavuconazole or similar azoles. Cautions - Hepatic impairment, QT prolongation, electrolyte disturbances. Avoid - Acute porphyrias. Trade Names - Cresemba® Drug Interactions - CYP3A4 substrates and inducers (rifampin, carbamazepine, phenytoin), statins, tacrolimus, sirolimus, midazolam. Adult Dose - Loading dose: 200 mg every 8 hours for 6 doses, then 200 mg once daily. Child Dose - Not routinely recommended (safety not established). |
Contraindications - Known hypersensitivity to echinocandins. Cautions - Monitor liver function, electrolyte balance, avoid in severe hepatic impairment. Avoid - Pregnancy, breastfeeding, hepatic impairment, renal impairment. Trade Names - Mycamine® Drug Interactions - Sirolimus, nifedipine, itraconazole (may increase exposure); monitor closely. Adult Dose - 100–150 mg IV once daily for candidiasis; 50 mg/day for prophylaxis. Child Dose - 2–4 mg/kg IV once daily, depending on indication and age. |
Contraindications - Hypersensitivity, severe hepatic impairment, obstructive cardiomyopathy, pregnancy, breastfeeding. Cautions - Unstable angina, recent myocardial infarction, renal impairment. Avoid - Aortic stenosis, uncontrolled heart failure, unstable angina. Trade Names - Zanidip® Drug Interactions - CYP3A4 inhibitors (e.g., ketoconazole, erythromycin), beta-blockers, cyclosporine, grapefruit juice. Adult Dose - 10 mg once daily, increased to 20 mg after 2 weeks if needed. Child Dose - Not recommended (safety not established). |
Contraindications - QT prolongation, hypersensitivity to bedaquiline. Cautions - Monitor ECG, hepatic enzymes; avoid alcohol. Avoid - Ventricular arrhythmia, Pregnancy, Breastfeeding, Hepatic impairment, Renal impairment. Side Effects - QT prolongation, hepatotoxicity, nausea, arthralgia, headache. Trade Names - Sirturo® Drug Interactions - CYP3A4 inhibitors/inducers, QT-prolonging drugs, antiretrovirals. Adult Dose - 400 mg once daily for 2 weeks, then 200 mg three times per week for 22 weeks. Child Dose - |
Contraindications - Severe renal impairment, hypersensitivity to salicylates. Cautions - Peptic ulcer, hepatic impairment, monitor liver function and hypersensitivity. Avoid - Pregnancy (unless essential), Breastfeeding. Side Effects - GI upset, hypersensitivity reactions, hepatitis, goitre (rare). Trade Names - Paser®, Granupas® Drug Interactions - Antacids (interfere with absorption), isoniazid (reduced efficacy), digoxin. Adult Dose - 4 g orally every 8 hours (max 12 g/day); treatment duration ~24 months. Child Dose - Not well established; typically based on weight (100–200 mg/kg/day in divided doses). |
Contraindications - Hypersensitivity to fidaxomicin. Cautions - Moderate to severe hepatic impairment, history of GI disorders (e.g., IBD). Avoid - Pregnancy, Breastfeeding. Side Effects - Nausea, vomiting, abdominal pain, anemia, neutropenia, rash. Trade Names - Dificid®, Dificlir® Drug Interactions - Minimal systemic absorption; unlikely to interact significantly, but monitor if used with cyclosporine or antacids. Adult Dose - 200 mg orally twice daily for 10 days. Child Dose - Over 6 months: 16 mg/kg/day divided every 12 hrs (max 200 mg/dose). |
Contraindications - Known hypersensitivity, use in pregnancy only if benefits outweigh risks. Cautions - Renal and hepatic impairment, obesity, monitor CPK levels. Avoid - Severe hepatic/renal impairment without monitoring. Side Effects - Anemia, insomnia, anxiety, constipation, diarrhea, dizziness, headache, GI discomfort, hypertension, hypotension, rash. Trade Names - Cubicin® Drug Interactions - Statins (risk of myopathy), warfarin (monitor INR), nephrotoxic agents. Adult Dose - 4–6 mg/kg IV once daily depending on infection type. Child Dose - 1–6 yrs: 9–10 mg/kg/day IV; 7–17 yrs: 5–7 mg/kg/day IV (adjusted by infection type). |
Contraindications - Hypersensitivity to tetracyclines, severe hepatic or renal impairment. Cautions - Photosensitivity, avoid antacids and dairy products near dose. Avoid - Use in renal impairment, pregnancy, children under 8 years. Side Effects - GI upset, dizziness, photosensitivity, rash, esophagitis. Trade Names - Tetralysal®, Lymecin® Drug Interactions - Antacids, iron, dairy (reduce absorption); oral contraceptives (may reduce efficacy). Adult Dose - 300 mg once daily. Child Dose - Not recommended under 12 years. |
Contraindications - Hypersensitivity to tetracyclines, pregnancy, children under 8 years. Cautions - Alcoholism, hepatic/renal impairment, photosensitivity. Avoid - Use in pregnancy and children under 8 years. Side Effects - Dyspnea, hypotension, edema, tachycardia, GI discomfort, esophagitis, photosensitivity. Trade Names - Doxacil®, Microdox® Drug Interactions - Antacids, iron, oral contraceptives, warfarin, retinoids. Adult Dose - Initial: 200 mg on Day 1 (once or in 2 divided doses), then 100 mg once daily. Child Dose - Over 8 yrs: 2.2 mg/kg every 12 hrs (max 200 mg/day). |
Contraindications - Acute porphyrias, arrhythmias, manic phase of bipolar disorder, pregnancy. Cautions - Hepatic or renal impairment, cardiovascular disease, chronic constipation, diabetes, epilepsy, history of bipolar disorder or psychosis, hyperthyroidism, urinary retention. Avoid - Pregnancy, manic states. Trade Names - Tolvon® Adult Dose - Oral: 30–40 mg daily in divided doses, may increase up to 90 mg/day based on response. Child Dose - Not recommended (safety and efficacy not established).bbbbb |
Contraindications - Not specified. Cautions - Not specified. Avoid - Ventricular arrhythmia, Pregnancy, Breastfeeding, Hepatic impairment, Renal impairment. Side Effects - Not specified. Trade Names - tab:®, Cap:® Drug Interactions - Not specified. Adult Dose - Not specified. Child Dose - Not specified. |
Contraindications - Severe renal impairment, Pregnancy (unless essential). Cautions - Peptic ulcer, Hepatic impairment, Monitor for hypersensitivity and liver function. Avoid - Pregnancy (unless essential), Breastfeeding. Side Effects - Not specified. Trade Names - granules:® Drug Interactions - Not specified. Adult Dose - 4 g every 8 hours (max 12 g/day); usual duration 24 months. Child Dose - Not specified. |
Contraindications - Not specified. Cautions - Not specified. Avoid - Pregnancy, Breastfeeding. Side Effects - Not specified. Trade Names - tab:®, Cap:® Drug Interactions - Not specified. Adult Dose - Not specified. Child Dose - Not specified. |
Contraindications - Pregnancy (use only if benefits outweigh risks), Hepatic impairment, Renal impairment. Cautions - Obesity. Avoid - Not specified. Side Effects - Anemia, anxiety, asthenia, constipation, diarrhea, dizziness, fever, GI discomfort, headache, insomnia, hypotension, hypertension. Trade Names - tab:®, Cap:® Drug Interactions - Not specified. Adult Dose - Not specified. Child Dose - Not specified. |
Contraindications - Not specified. Cautions - Not specified. Avoid - Renal impairment. Side Effects - Not specified. Trade Names - tab:®, Cap:® Drug Interactions - Not specified. Adult Dose - Not specified. Child Dose - Not specified. |
Contraindications - Pregnancy, breastfeeding, children under 8 years (due to tooth discoloration), severe renal impairment. Avoid - Use in children, pregnancy, breastfeeding unless essential. Cautions - Photosensitivity, hepatic impairment, renal impairment, long-term use. Drug Interactions - Antacids, iron supplements, dairy products (reduce absorption); may enhance effect of anticoagulants; reduces efficacy of oral contraceptives. Trade Names - Declomycin® tab/cap Adult Dose - 600–1,200 mg daily in 2–4 divided doses (usual dose for SIADH: 300 mg BID). Child Dose - Not recommended under 8 years; use with caution in older children if necessary. |
Contraindications - Known hypersensitivity to colistin or polymyxins. Avoid - Myasthenia gravis due to risk of neuromuscular blockade. Cautions - Renal impairment, neurotoxicity risk, under 1 year of age (limited safety data), concurrent use of neuromuscular blocking agents. Drug Interactions - Increased nephrotoxicity with aminoglycosides or vancomycin; neuromuscular blockade enhanced with muscle relaxants. Trade Names - Coly-Mycin M® inj, Promixin® powder for nebuliser Adult Dose - IV: 2–2.5 mg/kg/day in 2–3 divided doses (based on colistin base activity); inhalation dose: typically 1–2 million IU twice daily. Child Dose - IV: 50,000–75,000 IU/kg/day in 3 divided doses; inhalation use under specialist guidance. |
Contraindications - Hypersensitivity to penicillins or beta-lactam antibiotics. Avoid - Do not use in cases of known severe beta-lactam allergy. Cautions - Renal impairment (dose adjustment required), elderly, history of allergy. Drug Interactions - May interact with aminoglycosides (increased nephrotoxicity risk), anticoagulants (monitor INR if on warfarin). Trade Names - Negaban® inj Adult Dose - IV: 2 g every 12 hours; in severe infections or resistant strains, 2 g every 8 hours. Child Dose - IV: 25–50 mg/kg every 8–12 hours depending on severity and renal function. |
Contraindications - Hypersensitivity to penicillins, acute porphyrias. Avoid - Avoid in patients with known penicillin allergy, acute porphyrias. Cautions - Renal impairment, prolonged use may cause vitamin B6 deficiency, gastrointestinal disease. Drug Interactions - Probenecid (increases serum levels), oral contraceptives (reduced efficacy), other beta-lactams. Trade Names - Selexid® tab, Coactabs® Adult Dose - 400 mg three times daily for 3–7 days (depending on infection severity). Child Dose - 20–40 mg/kg/day in divided doses; duration and dose vary with infection severity and age. |
Contraindications - Penicillin allergy, previous cholestatic jaundice associated with flucloxacillin. Cautions - Hepatic dysfunction, renal impairment, history of antibiotic-associated colitis. Side Effects - Arthralgia, bronchospasm, coma, dyspnea, gastrointestinal disturbances, hallucinations, rash, hepatitis (rare). Drug Interactions - Probenecid (increases plasma concentration), methotrexate, oral contraceptives (reduced efficacy). Trade Names - Co-fluampicil 250 mg powder for injection:® Adult Dose - 500 mg every 6 hours via IM, slow IV, or IV infusion. Child Dose - 25–50 mg/kg/day in divided doses every 6 hours; maximum dose adjusted by weight and clinical condition. |
Contraindications - Known hypersensitivity to telavancin, vancomycin, or other glycopeptides. Avoid - Pregnancy (Category C), breastfeeding, use in patients with congenital long QT syndrome. Cautions - Heart failure, renal impairment, hepatic impairment, elderly, concurrent nephrotoxic drugs, prolonged QT interval. Drug Interactions - Additive nephrotoxicity with aminoglycosides, loop diuretics; QT prolongation with other QT-prolonging drugs. Trade Names - Vibativ® inj Adult Dose - 10 mg/kg IV once daily for 7–21 days depending on infection severity; adjust in renal impairment. Child Dose - Not established; not recommended in pediatric patients. |
Contraindications - Known hypersensitivity to dalbavancin or other glycopeptide antibiotics. Cautions - Use cautiously in patients with hepatic impairment; monitor liver function. Adjust dose in severe renal impairment (creatinine clearance <30 mL/min). Risk of infusion-related reactions (“red man syndrome”); infuse slowly. Use with caution in elderly patients and those with pre-existing renal dysfunction. Monitor renal function and electrolytes during treatment. Avoid - Pregnancy and breastfeeding unless potential benefits outweigh risks. Avoid concomitant use with other nephrotoxic or ototoxic drugs if possible. Drug Interactions - No significant cytochrome P450 interactions known; caution with nephrotoxic or ototoxic agents. Trade Names - Dalvance® inj Adult Dose - 1000 mg IV on Day 1 followed by 500 mg IV on Day 8, or a single 1500 mg IV dose. Child Dose - Not established; use not recommended. |
Contraindications - Known hypersensitivity to pirenoxine or any component of the formulation. Cautions - Use with caution in patients with active eye infections or inflammation. Do not touch dropper tip to any surface to avoid contamination. Discontinue use if irritation or allergic reaction occurs. Avoid - Do not use in acute ophthalmic infections unless prescribed. Avoid contact lens use during administration. Drug Interactions - No significant drug interactions reported; however, avoid mixing with other ophthalmic preparations unless directed by a physician. Trade Names - Padtetra® eye drops Adult Dose - 1–2 drops in the affected eye(s), 3–4 times daily. Child Dose - Safety and efficacy not well established; use only under medical supervision. |
Contraindications - Known hypersensitivity to ceftobiprole, other cephalosporins, or beta-lactam antibiotics. Cautions - History of seizures, gastrointestinal disease (especially colitis), renal impairment, elderly patients. Monitor renal function in prolonged therapy. Avoid - Use with caution or avoid during pregnancy and breastfeeding unless absolutely necessary. Avoid in patients with a history of severe beta-lactam allergy. Drug Interactions - May enhance nephrotoxic effects of aminoglycosides. Monitor if used with loop diuretics or other nephrotoxic agents. Trade Names - Zevtera® inj Adult Dose - 500 mg IV every 8 hours infused over 2 hours for 7–14 days, adjusted for renal impairment. Child Dose - Safety and efficacy not established in pediatric patients; not recommended for children under 18 years. |
Contraindications - Known hypersensitivity to ceftaroline or other cephalosporins. Cautions - Renal impairment, history of seizures, gastrointestinal diseases such as colitis, elderly patients. Avoid - Use with caution during pregnancy and breastfeeding due to limited safety data. Drug Interactions - May interact with nephrotoxic drugs; monitor renal function if co-administered. Trade Names - Zinforo® inj Adult Dose - 600 mg IV every 12 hours over 60 minutes for 5–14 days; adjust in renal impairment. Child Dose - Infants and children ≥2 months: 8–12 mg/kg IV every 8 hours (max 400 mg/dose), under specialist supervision. |
Contraindications - Hypersensitivity to chloramphenicol or any component of the formulation, history of blood dyscrasias. Cautions - Long-term or repeated use may increase the risk of bone marrow suppression. Avoid prolonged use. Use with caution in those with a history of hematologic disorders. Avoid - Avoid in pregnancy and breastfeeding unless essential; avoid contact lenses during treatment. Drug Interactions - May interact with bone marrow suppressant drugs; avoid concomitant use. Trade Names - Chloramphenicol 0.5% Eye Drops® Adult Dose - Instill 1–2 drops into the affected eye every 2 hours for 2 days, then reduce frequency; continue for 5 days. Child Dose - Same as adult dose in children over 2 years; not generally recommended under 2 years unless directed by a physician. |
Contraindications - Hypersensitivity to penicillins or beta-lactam antibiotics. Cautions - Renal impairment, history of antibiotic-associated colitis, pregnancy, epilepsy. Avoid - In known penicillin allergy, avoid unnecessary use to prevent resistance. Drug Interactions - May interact with allopurinol (increased risk of rash), anticoagulants (enhanced INR), methotrexate (increased toxicity). Trade Names - Amoxil®, Trimox®, Moxatag® Adult Dose - 500 mg every 8 hours for 5–7 days (e.g., otitis media). Child Dose - 20–40 mg/kg/day in divided doses every 8 hours, or 25–45 mg/kg/day in divided doses every 12 hours depending on severity and age. |
Contraindications - Hypersensitivity to quinolones, history of tendon disorders related to fluoroquinolone use. Cautions - Epilepsy, CNS disorders, renal impairment, QT prolongation, myasthenia gravis. Avoid - In children and adolescents unless benefits outweigh risks (due to risk of arthropathy), pregnancy, breastfeeding. Drug Interactions - Antacids, iron, dairy (reduce absorption), NSAIDs (increase seizure risk), warfarin (enhanced anticoagulant effect). Trade Names - Ciproxin®, Ciloxan®, Cipro® Adult Dose - 500 mg orally twice daily (systemic), or ciprofloxacin ear drops twice daily (topical). Child Dose - Topical use only: Ciprofloxacin ear drops as prescribed; systemic use only under specialist advice. |
Contraindications - Known hypersensitivity to cephalosporins or severe penicillin allergy. Cautions - Renal impairment, history of colitis, prolonged treatment (risk of superinfection), neonates (dose adjustment needed). Avoid - In patients with severe penicillin allergy unless essential. Drug Interactions - Increased nephrotoxicity with aminoglycosides, loop diuretics; may enhance anticoagulant effects of warfarin. Trade Names - Claforan® inj Adult Dose - 2–3 g IV every 6–8 hours for meningitis. Child Dose - 50–75 mg/kg IV every 6–8 hours (max: 12 g/day) depending on age and severity. |
Contraindications - Hypersensitivity to beta-lactam antibiotics. Cautions - Hepatic impairment, renal impairment, history of jaundice or liver dysfunction associated with flucloxacillin. Avoid - In patients with previous flucloxacillin-associated cholestatic jaundice. Drug Interactions - May reduce efficacy of oral contraceptives; enhances effects of methotrexate; probenecid increases flucloxacillin levels. Trade Names - Floxapen®, Flopen® Adult Dose - Oral: 500 mg 4×/day; IV: 1–2 g every 6 hours (often for 4–6 weeks in septic arthritis). Child Dose - Oral: 12.5–25 mg/kg 4×/day; IV: 50–100 mg/kg/day in divided doses. (Specialist supervision required) |
Contraindications - Hypersensitivity to fusidic acid. Cautions - Liver dysfunction, prolonged use may increase resistance risk. Avoid - Monotherapy in serious infections (resistance risk). Drug Interactions - Statins (risk of rhabdomyolysis), cyclosporine (increased levels), warfarin (enhanced anticoagulation). Trade Names - Fucidin® tab, inj Adult Dose - Oral: 500 mg TID; IV: 500 mg every 8–12 hours with another antibiotic. Child Dose - Oral: 20 mg/kg/day divided every 8 hours; max 1.5 g/day. |
Contraindications - Jaundice, rifampicin hypersensitivity. Cautions - Hepatic impairment, alcohol use, elderly. Avoid - Monotherapy in serious infections (resistance risk), pregnancy unless benefits outweigh risks. Drug Interactions - Strong CYP450 inducer—interacts with warfarin, oral contraceptives, antiretrovirals, anticonvulsants. Trade Names - Rifadin® cap, inj Adult Dose - Oral: 600 mg once daily or 300 mg BID. Often used with fusidic acid or clindamycin. Child Dose - Oral: 10–20 mg/kg/day (max 600 mg/day). |
Contraindications - Hypersensitivity to vancomycin. Cautions - Renal impairment, elderly, hearing impairment (risk of ototoxicity). Avoid - Rapid IV infusion (risk of "red man syndrome"). Drug Interactions - Increased nephrotoxicity with aminoglycosides, loop diuretics. Trade Names - Vancocin® inj Adult Dose - IV: 15–20 mg/kg every 8–12 hours; adjust based on renal function and serum levels. Child Dose - IV: 10–15 mg/kg every 6–12 hours. |
Contraindications - Hypersensitivity to teicoplanin. Cautions - Renal impairment, monitor for blood dyscrasias, auditory function. Avoid - Use caution in neonates and elderly without monitoring drug levels. Drug Interactions - Increased ototoxicity/nephrotoxicity risk with aminoglycosides, loop diuretics. Trade Names - Targocid® inj Adult Dose - Loading: 400 mg IV every 12h for 3 doses; Maintenance: 6–12 mg/kg daily. Child Dose - 10–15 mg/kg IV once daily. |
Contraindications - Hypersensitivity to metronidazole or other nitroimidazoles. Cautions - Hepatic impairment, severe renal impairment, pre-existing CNS disorders (e.g., epilepsy), history of blood dyscrasias. Avoid - Alcohol (disulfiram-like reaction), during first trimester of pregnancy unless clearly necessary. Drug Interactions - Alcohol, warfarin (increased anticoagulant effect), phenytoin, phenobarbital (reduced efficacy), cimetidine (increased plasma levels), lithium (toxicity). Trade Names - Flagyl®, Metrogyl®, Metrozin® Adult Dose - 400–500 mg orally 2–3 times daily for 5–10 days; IV 500 mg every 8 hours for anaerobic infections. Child Dose - 7.5 mg/kg every 8 hours (max 400 mg/dose); amoebiasis: up to 10 days. |
Contraindications - Allergy to egg or soy products, defective lipid metabolism, severe aortic stenosis. Cautions - Heart failure, reflex tachycardia, elderly, renal impairment, hepatic impairment. Avoid - Obstructive cardiomyopathy, pregnancy, breastfeeding. Drug Interactions - Beta-blockers (additive effects), antihypertensives, general anesthetics. Trade Names - Cleviprex® inj (Specialist use only) Adult Dose - IV infusion: Start at 1–2 mg/h; double dose at short intervals (90 sec) up to 16 mg/h as needed. Child Dose - Not established; use only under specialist supervision. |
Contraindications - Severe bradycardia, heart block greater than first degree, cardiogenic shock, overt cardiac failure, severe peripheral arterial disorders. Cautions - Renal impairment, hepatic impairment, myasthenia gravis, bronchospasm, diabetes mellitus (may mask hypoglycaemia), breastfeeding. Avoid - Abrupt withdrawal, especially in patients with ischemic heart disease. Drug Interactions - Other antihypertensives, calcium channel blockers (e.g., verapamil), digoxin, clonidine (risk of rebound hypertension on withdrawal). Trade Names - Sectral® tab/cap Adult Dose - 400–800 mg daily in divided doses; up to 1.2 g/day in severe cases. Child Dose - Not routinely recommended; consult specialist if use required. |
Contraindications - Severe bradycardia, heart block greater than first degree, cardiogenic shock, untreated pheochromocytoma, overt cardiac failure, asthma. Cautions - Diabetes mellitus (may mask hypoglycemia), hepatic impairment, peripheral vascular disease, thyrotoxicosis, elderly. Avoid - Use with caution in renal impairment and avoid abrupt withdrawal. Drug Interactions - May enhance effects of other antihypertensives; interacts with verapamil, diltiazem (risk of heart block); caution with insulin or oral hypoglycemics. Trade Names - Visken® tab/cap Adult Dose - 5–15 mg daily in divided doses; max 60 mg/day. Child Dose - Not routinely recommended; specialist use only. |
Contraindications - Sinus bradycardia, greater than first-degree heart block, cardiogenic shock, overt cardiac failure, bronchial asthma, hypersensitivity to Nadolol. Cautions - Hepatic impairment, renal impairment (dose adjustment needed), diabetes mellitus, peripheral vascular disease, myasthenia gravis, elderly, thyroid disorders (may mask symptoms). Avoid - Abrupt withdrawal (may worsen angina or precipitate myocardial infarction). Trade Names - Corgard® tab/cap Drug Interactions - Increased risk of bradycardia with digoxin or calcium channel blockers; reduced effect with NSAIDs; may enhance effects of other antihypertensives. Adult Dose - 40–320 mg once daily depending on condition; initial dose typically 40–80 mg/day. Child Dose - 0.5–2 mg/kg once daily; max 5 mg/kg/day or 320 mg/day, under specialist supervision. |
Contraindications - Cautions - Mild to moderate renal impairment, heart failure (stable), depression, elderly, driving or operating machinery (may cause dizziness), risk of rebound hypertension if stopped abruptly. Avoid - Concomitant use with tricyclic antidepressants (reduces efficacy); abrupt withdrawal. Trade Names - Physiotens® tab Drug Interactions - Potentiates effects of other antihypertensives, sedatives, and alcohol; reduced efficacy with tricyclic antidepressants; may interact with beta-blockers and benzodiazepines. Adult Dose - Initial dose: 200 mcg once daily; may increase after 3 weeks to 400 mcg once or divided twice daily. Max: 600 mcg/day. Child Dose - Not recommended in children (safety and efficacy not established). |
Contraindications - Acute liver disease, active hepatic disorders, depression, pheochromocytoma, acute porphyria. Cautions - History of hepatic impairment, hemolytic anemia, Parkinson’s disease, renal impairment, elderly patients, history of depression. Avoid - Use during breastfeeding unless benefits outweigh risks; avoid abrupt withdrawal; caution in hepatic impairment. Trade Names - Eldimax® 250 mg tab Drug Interactions - May enhance hypotensive effect with other antihypertensives; increased risk of sedation with CNS depressants; may interfere with MAO inhibitors; lithium toxicity risk increased. Side Effects - Sedation, headache, fatigue, dry mouth, bradycardia, depression, fever, liver function abnormalities, hemolytic anemia, amenorrhea, breast enlargement, arthralgia. Adult Dose - Initial: 250 mg 2–3 times daily; may increase gradually every 2 days to a usual maintenance dose of 500 mg to 2 g/day in divided doses. Max: 3 g/day. Child Dose - Initial: 10 mg/kg/day in 2–4 divided doses; adjust gradually. Usual: 20–40 mg/kg/day; Max: 65 mg/kg/day or 3 g/day (whichever is lower). |
Contraindications - Active major bleeding, severe uncontrolled hypertension, hypersensitivity to bivalirudin, bacterial endocarditis. Cautions - Renal impairment (dose adjustment needed), increased bleeding risk (e.g., recent surgery or trauma), elderly patients, hepatic impairment. Avoid - Use in severe bleeding disorders, avoid combination with other anticoagulants unless necessary. Trade Names - Angiomax® (injection) Drug Interactions - Enhanced bleeding risk with anticoagulants (e.g., warfarin, heparin), antiplatelets (e.g., clopidogrel), thrombolytics (e.g., alteplase). Adult Dose - Initial: 0.75 mg/kg IV bolus followed by 1.75 mg/kg/h IV infusion during PCI; reduce infusion rate in renal impairment. Child Dose - Not routinely recommended; limited data in pediatric population—specialist guidance required. |
Contraindications - Active bleeding, recent gastrointestinal ulcer, hepatic disease associated with coagulopathy, known or suspected oesophageal varices, malignant neoplasms at high risk of bleeding, recent brain or spinal injury, recent intracranial haemorrhage, uncontrolled severe hypertension, vascular aneurysms. Cautions - Moderate to severe mitral stenosis, increased risk of bleeding (especially with surgery or invasive procedures), hepatic impairment, elderly patients, low body weight. Avoid - Side effects - Anaemia, haemorrhage (including gastrointestinal and intracranial), nausea, elevated liver enzymes, skin rash. Trade names - Lixiana® tab Drug interactions - Increased bleeding risk with NSAIDs, antiplatelets, SSRIs/SNRIs, other anticoagulants. P-gp inhibitors (e.g., dronedarone, ciclosporin) may increase plasma concentration. Adult dose - Oral: 60 mg once daily. If CrCl 15–50 mL/min, body weight ≤60 kg, or concurrent use of certain P-gp inhibitors: 30 mg once daily. Child dose - Not recommended; safety and efficacy not established in pediatric patients. |
Contraindications - Active clinically significant bleeding, severe hepatic impairment with coagulopathy, conditions associated with increased risk of major bleeding (e.g., recent brain or spinal injury), prosthetic heart valves, hypersensitivity to apixaban. Cautions - Avoid - Trade names - Eliquis® tab Drug interactions - Increased bleeding risk with NSAIDs, SSRIs/SNRIs, antiplatelet agents, other anticoagulants. Strong CYP3A4 and P-gp inhibitors (e.g., ketoconazole, itraconazole, ritonavir) increase apixaban levels. CYP3A4 inducers (e.g., rifampicin, phenytoin) may reduce efficacy. Adult dose - Atrial fibrillation: 5 mg twice daily (2.5 mg twice daily if ≥80 years old, weight ≤60 kg, or serum creatinine ≥1.5 mg/dL); DVT/PE treatment: 10 mg twice daily for 7 days, then 5 mg twice daily; VTE prophylaxis (post-op): 2.5 mg twice daily. Child dose - Not recommended; safety and efficacy not established in pediatric patients. |
Contraindications - Hypersensitivity to dipyridamole, severe hypotension, unstable angina, recent myocardial infarction. Cautions - Heart failure, hypotension, myasthenia gravis, hepatic impairment, bleeding disorders, patients undergoing surgery. Avoid - Severe coronary artery disease without medical supervision, hypotension, breastfeeding. Trade names - Persantin®, Asasantin® (when combined with aspirin) Drug interactions - Enhanced effect with anticoagulants or antiplatelet drugs (increased bleeding risk); may reduce effectiveness of anticholinesterases in myasthenia gravis; adenosine effects may be increased due to inhibition of adenosine uptake. Adult dose - Oral: 75–100 mg four times daily; Modified-release: 200 mg twice daily (usually combined with aspirin). Child dose - Not routinely recommended; if used (specialist only), consult pediatric dosing guidelines for specific indication and monitoring. |
Contraindications - Known hypersensitivity to idarucizumab or any excipients. Cautions - Risk of thrombosis due to reversal of anticoagulation. Consider re-initiating anticoagulant therapy as soon as medically appropriate. Dabigatran can be resumed 24 hours after administration; other anticoagulants can be started at any time. Use caution in patients with hereditary fructose intolerance (contains sorbitol). Avoid - Use only when dabigatran is the suspected cause of bleeding or anticoagulation. Not a general reversal agent for other NOACs. Trade names - Praxbind® injection Drug interactions - Specifically binds to dabigatran; no known interactions with other drugs. Not expected to affect other anticoagulants. Adult dose - 5 g intravenous infusion (administered as two consecutive 2.5 g/50 mL infusions no more than 15 minutes apart or as a bolus injection). Child dose - Not established; use under specialist supervision only. (Store in a refrigerator at 2–8°C; use under specialist supervision) |
Contraindications - Severe hepatic impairment, known hypersensitivity to asenapine or any component of the formulation. Cautions - Cardiovascular disease, history of seizures, diabetes mellitus or risk factors for diabetes, elderly patients (especially with dementia-related psychosis), Parkinson’s disease, conditions that may cause hypotension, swallowing difficulties (sublingual route), hepatic impairment. Avoid - Pregnancy, breastfeeding, use in dementia with Lewy bodies (increased risk of adverse reactions and mortality). Trade names - Saphris® (sublingual tablets), Sycrest® Drug interactions - CYP1A2 inhibitors (e.g. fluvoxamine), CNS depressants, alcohol, QT-prolonging drugs, antihypertensives (additive hypotensive effect), dopamine agonists (antagonistic effects). Adult dose - 5–10 mg twice daily (sublingual); do not swallow or take with food or drink for at least 10 minutes after administration. Child dose - Adolescents (10–17 years): initially 2.5 mg twice daily, titrated up to 10 mg twice daily based on response and tolerability. |
Contraindications - Acute porphyrias, acute pulmonary insufficiency, respiratory depression, hypersensitivity to meprobamate. Cautions - Hepatic impairment, renal impairment, abrupt withdrawal risk (dependence and withdrawal symptoms), debilitated patients, elderly, muscle weakness, respiratory diseases including COPD and asthma. Avoid - Pregnancy, breastfeeding. Trade names - Meprotab® (tab), Meprobamate® (cap) Drug interactions - Central nervous system depressants (alcohol, benzodiazepines, opioids), other sedatives, muscle relaxants. Adult dose - 400–600 mg three to four times daily, adjusted according to response. Child dose - Not generally recommended for children. |
Contraindications - Severe respiratory insufficiency, myasthenia gravis, sleep apnea syndrome, hypersensitivity to benzodiazepines. Cautions - Muscle weakness, renal and hepatic impairment, history of drug or alcohol abuse, elderly (risk of sedation and falls), depression (may increase risk of suicide). Avoid - Chronic psychosis, hyperkinesis, respiratory depression, obsessional states, phobic states, breastfeeding. Trade names - Frisium®, Urbanol®, Onfi® Drug interaction - Increased sedation with alcohol, opioids, and CNS depressants; metabolism affected by CYP3A4 and CYP2C19 inhibitors/inducers (e.g., fluconazole, carbamazepine). Adult dose - Initially 20–30 mg daily in divided doses; maintenance 10–30 mg daily; max 60 mg/day depending on condition. Child dose - For epilepsy: 0.1–0.3 mg/kg/day initially, increase as needed (max 1 mg/kg/day or 40 mg/day). |
Contraindications - Familial short QT syndrome, hypersensitivity to triazole derivatives. Cautions - Hepatic impairment, history of suicidal ideation, status epilepticus, QT shortening on ECG. Avoid - Pregnancy, breastfeeding. Trade names - Inovelon®, Banzel® Drug interaction - May reduce levels of oral contraceptives; enzyme-inducing antiepileptics (e.g., carbamazepine, phenytoin) may lower rufinamide levels; increased risk of CNS depression with other antiepileptics. Adult dose - Initiate at 400–800 mg/day in two divided doses; increase by 400–800 mg every 2 days up to a max of 3200 mg/day (in divided doses). Child dose - Children ≥1 year: Start at 10 mg/kg/day in two divided doses; increase by 10 mg/kg/day every other day; usual maintenance 45 mg/kg/day (max 3200 mg/day). |
Contraindications - Second or third-degree AV block without a pacemaker, hypersensitivity to lacosamide. Cautions - Elderly, severe cardiac disease (including conduction disorders), pregnancy, hepatic impairment, suicidal ideation. Avoid - Breastfeeding. Trade names - Vimpat® Drug interaction - May increase PR interval with other sodium channel blockers or drugs that slow cardiac conduction (e.g., beta-blockers, calcium channel blockers); CNS depressants may enhance sedation. Adult dose - Initially 50 mg twice daily; increase by 100 mg/day at weekly intervals to max 400 mg/day (200 mg twice daily). Child dose - |
Contraindications - Known hypersensitivity to oxazolidinones. Cautions - Myelosuppression, neuropathy, serotonin syndrome (especially with SSRIs). Avoid - Use in pregnancy; safety not established. Side effects - Nausea, headache, diarrhea, neutropenia, elevated liver enzymes. Trade names - Sivextro® Drug interactions - SSRIs, MAO inhibitors, tyramine-rich foods (risk of serotonin syndrome). Adult dose - 200 mg once daily for 6 days (oral or IV). Child dose - Limited data; not approved for pediatric use. |
Contraindications - Known hypersensitivity to lamotrigine. Cautions - Parkinson's disease, Hepatic impairment, Renal failure, Pregnancy, Risk of rash (including Stevens-Johnson syndrome). Avoid - Breastfeeding (unless benefits outweigh risks); abrupt withdrawal. Side effects - Skin rash, dizziness, diplopia, headache, ataxia, nausea, somnolence, insomnia. Trade names - Lamictal®, Lamidus® Drug interactions - Valproate (increases lamotrigine levels), enzyme inducers (e.g., carbamazepine, phenytoin) reduce effectiveness. Adult dose - Start with 25 mg once daily, gradually titrated to 100–200 mg daily (depending on monotherapy or combination). Child dose - 1–5 years: 0.3 mg/kg/day starting dose; 5–12 years: 0.6 mg/kg/day, titrated based on response and co-medications. |
Contraindications - Hypersensitivity to levetiracetam or any excipient. Cautions - Renal impairment (dose adjustment required), Hepatic impairment (use half dose initially), Pregnancy, Psychiatric history (risk of behavioral changes). Avoid - Breastfeeding (use with caution if benefits outweigh risks). Side effects - Somnolence, dizziness, asthenia, irritability, agitation, mood changes, headache, infection. Trade names - Levipil XR 1g Extended Release tab: Drug interactions - Few significant interactions; caution with CNS depressants and alcohol. Adult dose - Initial dose: 500 mg twice daily; may be increased to 1000–1500 mg twice daily based on response. Child dose - 6 months–17 years: 10 mg/kg twice daily, titrated up to 30–40 mg/kg/day. |
Contraindications - Hypersensitivity to succinimides. Cautions - Hepatic impairment, Renal impairment, History of psychiatric disorders, Pregnancy (use only if clearly needed). Avoid - Acute porphyrias. Side effects - Nausea, vomiting, abdominal cramps, fatigue, dizziness, headache, behavioral disturbances (aggression, irritability). Trade names - Zarontin® tab, cap Drug interactions - May interact with other antiepileptic drugs (e.g., valproate, phenytoin); enzyme-inducing agents may alter levels. Adult dose - Oral 500 mg/day initially; increase by 250 mg every 4–7 days to a usual maintenance dose of 1000–1500 mg/day in 1–2 divided doses. Child dose - Oral 10–20 mg/kg/day in 1–2 divided doses; adjust up to 30 mg/kg/day if needed. |
Contraindications - Hypersensitivity to eslicarbazepine, oxcarbazepine, or carbamazepine. Cautions - Elderly, Hyponatraemia, Hepatic impairment, Pregnancy (use only if clearly needed). Avoid - Breastfeeding, Severe renal impairment (CrCl <30 mL/min). Side effects - Dizziness, somnolence, nausea, headache, diplopia, hyponatraemia, rash. Trade names - Zebinix® tab Drug interactions - Reduces efficacy of hormonal contraceptives; interacts with phenytoin, warfarin, and other enzyme-modulating drugs. Adult dose - Initially 400 mg once daily, increased after 1–2 weeks to 800 mg once daily; max 1200 mg once daily. Child dose - For children ≥6 years: Initially 10 mg/kg once daily, increase based on response to max 30 mg/kg/day (not exceeding 1200 mg/day). |
Contraindications - Hypersensitivity to nepafenac or other NSAIDs, known NSAID-induced asthma or allergic reactions. Cautions - Bleeding disorders, use with other NSAIDs, ocular surface disease, delayed healing, corneal defects. Avoid - Direct sunlight exposure to eyes, contact lens use during treatment. Side effects - Eye pain, irritation, blurred vision, corneal edema, headache. Trade names - Nevanac® eye drops Drug interactions - Topical corticosteroids (increased risk of healing delay), systemic NSAIDs (additive effect). Adult dose - 1 drop three times daily beginning 1 day before surgery, continued on the day of surgery and for 14 days post-op. Child dose - Safety and efficacy not established in children under 10 years. |
Contraindications - Hypersensitivity to sodium cromoglicate or any of its components. Cautions - Hepatic and renal impairment (systemic use), discontinue if hypersensitivity reactions occur, not for relief of acute bronchospasm. Avoid - Use in acute asthma attacks (not a bronchodilator); avoid abrupt withdrawal in chronic use. Side effects - Cough, throat irritation, unpleasant taste (inhaled); eye irritation (ophthalmic); GI discomfort (oral). Trade names - Intal® (inhaler), Opticrom® (eye drops), Nalcrom® (oral capsules) Drug Interactions - No major known interactions; may be used with antihistamines or corticosteroids. Adult dose - Inhalation: 20 mg four times daily. Oral (food allergy): 200 mg four times daily before meals. Eye drops: 1-2 drops in each eye 4-6 times daily. Nasal spray: 1 spray in each nostril 4-6 times daily. Child dose - Inhalation: Same as adult. Oral: 100–200 mg four times daily (adjust based on response and age). Eye drops: Same as adult. Nasal spray: Use under medical advice. |
Contraindications - Hypersensitivity to nedocromil or any component of the formulation. Cautions - Not effective for acute asthma attacks; discontinue if signs of hypersensitivity occur; use with caution in hepatic or renal impairment. Avoid - Use in acute asthma episodes; abrupt discontinuation after long-term use. Side effects - Headache, unpleasant taste, cough, throat irritation (inhalation); eye irritation, burning, or stinging (eye drops). Trade names - Tilade® Inhaler, Alocril® Eye Drops Drug Interactions - No major interactions; may be used with corticosteroids or bronchodilators. Adult dose - Inhalation: 4 mg (2 puffs) twice daily; may increase to 4 times daily. Eye drops: 1–2 drops in each eye twice daily. Child dose - Inhalation: Same as adult (usually for children >6 years). Eye drops: 1 drop in each eye twice daily (for children ≥3 years). |
Contraindications - Hypersensitivity to lodoxamide or any of its components. Cautions - Use with caution in patients wearing contact lenses; remove lenses before application and wait 15 minutes before reinsertion. Avoid - Use in children under 2 years unless prescribed by a specialist. Side effects - Eye irritation, burning or stinging, blurred vision, eye dryness. Trade names - Alomide® Eye Drops Drug Interactions - No significant interactions known; avoid using other eye medications within 10 minutes of lodoxamide drops. Adult dose - 1–2 drops in the affected eye(s) 4 times daily. Child dose - Same as adult dose for children ≥2 years. |
Contraindications - Hypersensitivity to abiraterone or excipients, severe hepatic impairment, pregnancy (in women). Cautions - Diabetes, hypertension, history of cardiovascular disease, liver function abnormalities, risk of mineralocorticoid excess (fluid retention, hypokalaemia, hypertension). Avoid - Use in women, especially pregnant or breastfeeding; avoid food within 2 hours before and 1 hour after dose. Side effects - Hypertension, hypokalaemia, fluid retention, liver enzyme elevation, fatigue, joint swelling or pain. Trade names - Zytiga®, Xbira® Drug Interactions - CYP3A4 inhibitors/inducers, warfarin, digoxin, strong CYP2D6 substrates, corticosteroids. Adult dose - Oral 1 g (four 250 mg tablets) once daily on an empty stomach with prednisone 5 mg twice daily. Child dose - Not recommended for use in children. |
Contraindications - Severe hepatic impairment, neutropenia, pregnancy, breastfeeding, hypersensitivity to vinca alkaloids. Cautions - Cardiovascular disease, hepatic and renal impairment, risk of constipation and paralytic ileus, myelosuppression. Avoid - Use during pregnancy or lactation. Side effects - Neutropenia, anaemia, constipation, fatigue, nausea, stomatitis, peripheral neuropathy. Trade names - Javlor® Drug Interactions - CYP3A4 inhibitors/inducers (e.g., ketoconazole, rifampin), other myelosuppressive agents, laxatives (caution due to GI effects). Adult dose - IV 320 mg/m² over 20 minutes every 21 days. Child dose - Not recommended; safety and efficacy not established in pediatric patients. |
Contraindications - Severe leukopenia, active infection, hypersensitivity to vinca alkaloids, pregnancy. Cautions - Requires specialized handling (cytotoxic), hepatic impairment, neuromuscular disease, breastfeeding. Avoid - Pregnancy, breastfeeding. Side effects - Myelosuppression, neurotoxicity, nausea, alopecia, constipation, local extravasation reactions. Trade names - Eldesine® Drug Interactions - CYP3A4 inhibitors/inducers, other neurotoxic or myelosuppressive agents, live vaccines. Adult dose - IV 3 mg/m² once weekly (adjusted based on patient response and toxicity). Child dose - IV 2.5–3 mg/m² once weekly (under specialist supervision). |
Contraindications - Demyelinating form of Charcot-Marie-Tooth syndrome, hypersensitivity to vincristine or other vinca alkaloids. Cautions - Requires careful handling (cytotoxic, vesicant), neuromuscular disorders, hepatic impairment, elderly, constipation. Avoid - Pregnancy, breastfeeding. Side effects - Peripheral neuropathy, constipation, alopecia, myelosuppression (less than other vinca alkaloids), SIADH. Trade names - Oncovin®, Vincasar® Drug Interactions - CYP3A4 inhibitors, itraconazole, phenytoin (reduced effect), live vaccines. Adult dose - IV 1.4 mg/m² once weekly (max 2 mg/dose). Child dose - IV 1.5–2 mg/m² once weekly, based on age and condition (specialist supervision). |
Contraindications - Severe bone marrow depression, known hypersensitivity to topotecan. Cautions - Hepatic impairment, renal impairment, elderly, prior radiotherapy or chemotherapy, myelosuppression. Avoid - Pregnancy, breastfeeding. Side Effects - Myelosuppression, neutropenia, anemia, thrombocytopenia, nausea, vomiting, diarrhea, fatigue. Trade Names - Hycamtin® Drug Interactions - Drugs causing bone marrow suppression, nephrotoxic agents, live vaccines. Adult Dose - IV: 1.5 mg/m² once daily for 5 days every 21 days; Oral: 2.3 mg/m² once daily for 5 days every 21 days. Child Dose - IV: 1.4–2 mg/m²/day for 5 days every 21 days (under specialist supervision). |
Contraindications - Severe cardiac disease, autoimmune hepatitis, hemoglobinopathies (e.g., thalassemia major, sickle cell anemia), pregnancy, hypersensitivity to ribavirin. Cautions - Renal impairment, hepatic dysfunction, older adults, anemia, history of psychiatric disorders, male partners of pregnant women (teratogenic risk). Avoid - Pregnancy (highly teratogenic), breast feeding, monotherapy for hepatitis C (ineffective), severe unstable cardiac disease. Side Effects - Hemolytic anemia, fatigue, headache, nausea, cough, depression, insomnia. Trade Names - Virazole®, Copegus®, Rebetol®, Ribasure® Drug Interactions - Didanosine (risk of mitochondrial toxicity), azathioprine (increased risk of pancytopenia), zidovudine (increased hematologic toxicity). Adult Dose - For hepatitis C (oral): 800–1200 mg/day in divided doses based on weight, usually for 24–48 weeks in combination with interferon. For RSV (inhalation): 6 g/day via aerosol for 12–18 hours/day for 3–7 days. Child Dose - For RSV (inhalation): 20 mg/mL via aerosol (dose and duration depend on age and clinical severity, typically 3–7 days); not recommended for hepatitis C in children unless under specialist care. |
Contraindications - Severe cardiac disease, autoimmune hepatitis, hemoglobinopathies (e.g., thalassemia, sickle cell anemia), pregnancy, hypersensitivity to ribavirin. Cautions - Renal impairment, hepatic dysfunction, anemia, psychiatric history, elderly patients, teratogenic risk (in men and women). Avoid - Pregnancy, breast feeding, monotherapy in hepatitis C, unstable cardiovascular conditions. Side Effects - Hemolytic anemia, depression, irritability, nausea, rash, fatigue, insomnia. Trade Names - Tribavirin®, Ribavirin®, Rebetol®, Copegus® Drug Interactions - Didanosine (risk of fatal mitochondrial toxicity), azathioprine (bone marrow suppression), zidovudine (increased anemia risk). Adult Dose - Hepatitis C (oral): 800–1200 mg/day in divided doses depending on weight, for 24–48 weeks with interferon. RSV (inhalation): 6 g/day via aerosol for 12–18 hrs/day for 3–7 days. Child Dose - RSV (inhalation): 20 mg/mL via aerosol; typical course 3–7 days depending on age and severity. Chronic hepatitis C only under specialist care. |
Indications - Chronic Hepatitis C Genotype 1 (in combination with paritaprevir, ombitasvir, and dasabuvir); Genotype 4 (with paritaprevir, ombitasvir, and ribavirin); also used in HIV therapy as a booster. Contraindications - Severe hepatic impairment, hypersensitivity to ritonavir, use with certain medications (e.g., amiodarone, alfuzosin, ergot derivatives, lovastatin). Avoid - HIV co-infection (when used only for HCV), breastfeeding, use in patients with significant liver disease. Cautions - Hepatic dysfunction, cardiac conduction abnormalities, co-administration with other hepatotoxic or enzyme-inducing drugs. Side Effects - Nausea, vomiting, diarrhea, taste perversion, hepatotoxicity, lipid abnormalities. Trade Names - Norvir tab:® Drug Interactions - Extensive CYP3A4 and P-gp inhibitor – interacts with statins, sedatives, anticonvulsants, hormonal contraceptives, antiarrhythmics, and others. Adult Dose - 100 mg once daily (as pharmacokinetic enhancer in combination therapy). Child Dose - Dose varies by weight and indication in HIV; not typically used in pediatric HCV regimens. |
Indications - Chronic Hepatitis C virus (HCV) infection, Genotype 1 (with ombitasvir, ritonavir, and dasabuvir), Genotype 4 (with ombitasvir, ritonavir, and ribavirin). Contraindications - Moderate to severe hepatic impairment (Child-Pugh B or C), hypersensitivity to any component, use with drugs highly dependent on CYP3A for clearance. Avoid - HIV co-infection, pregnancy if combined with ribavirin. Cautions - Hepatic enzyme elevations, potential drug interactions, patients with liver transplant history. Side Effects - Fatigue, nausea, pruritus, insomnia, increased bilirubin, rash. Trade Names - Viekira Pak tab:® Drug Interactions - Avoid strong CYP3A inhibitors or inducers; interactions with statins, antiretrovirals, hormonal contraceptives containing ethinyl estradiol. Adult Dose - 150 mg once daily (in fixed-dose combination). Child Dose - Not recommended for pediatric use. |
Indications - Chronic Hepatitis C virus (HCV) infection, Genotype 1 (with paritaprevir/ritonavir and dasabuvir), Genotype 4 (with paritaprevir/ritonavir and ribavirin). Contraindications - Severe hepatic impairment (Child-Pugh C), known hypersensitivity to any component of the regimen. Avoid - HIV co-infection, moderate to severe liver impairment. Cautions - Hepatic enzyme elevation, potential drug interactions, prior liver transplant. Side Effects - Fatigue, nausea, pruritus, insomnia, elevated bilirubin levels, rash. Trade Names - Viekira Pak tab:® Drug Interactions - Caution with CYP3A inducers/inhibitors, statins, antiretrovirals, and hormonal contraceptives containing ethinyl estradiol. Adult Dose - 25 mg ombitasvir once daily (as part of combination therapy). Child Dose - Not recommended for pediatric use. |
Indications - Thyrotoxic crisis, Adrenocortical insufficiency (including septic shock), Acute hypersensitivity reactions (e.g. angioedema, anaphylaxis with adrenaline), Severe inflammatory bowel disease, Ulcerative colitis, Severe acute asthma, Local joint and soft-tissue inflammation, Oral and perioral lesions, Mild inflammatory skin disorders (e.g. eczema). Contraindications - Untreated systemic infections (unless life-saving), hypersensitivity to hydrocortisone or excipients. Avoid - Long-term use, use in untreated infections, viral skin infections (if topical), breastfeeding unless benefits outweigh risks. Cautions - Diabetes mellitus, hypertension, peptic ulcer, osteoporosis, epilepsy, glaucoma, tuberculosis, recent myocardial infarction, immunosuppression. Side Effects - Fluid retention, hypertension, hyperglycemia, osteoporosis, mood changes, adrenal suppression, increased infection risk, skin thinning (topical). Trade Names - Hydrokant cream:®, Hydrotopic cream:® Drug Interactions - NSAIDs (increased ulcer risk), live vaccines (avoid), antidiabetics (reduced efficacy), enzyme inducers (e.g., rifampicin), contraceptives (may affect metabolism). Adult Dose - IV: 100–500 mg every 6–8 hours (crisis); topical: apply 1–2 times daily (short-term use). Child Dose - IV: 1–2 mg/kg every 6–8 hours (acute); topical: apply thinly 1–2 times daily under medical supervision. |
Contraindications - Known hypersensitivity to bile acids, Obstructive liver disease, Active peptic ulcer, Calcified or pigmented gallstones, Chronic liver disease, Inflammatory bowel disease, Severe hepatic impairment. Avoid - Use in pregnancy and breastfeeding unless essential and under specialist supervision. Cautions - Monitor liver function regularly, Risk of diarrhea, Use with caution in patients with liver dysfunction, Not recommended in patients with radiopaque stones. Side Effects - Diarrhea, liver enzyme abnormalities, nausea, abdominal pain, pruritus (in cholestasis). Trade Names - cap: Chenofalk® (Specialist use only) Drug Interactions - Avoid aluminum-based antacids (may bind bile acids), bile acid sequestrants (e.g., cholestyramine), estrogens and oral contraceptives (may promote gallstone formation). Adult Dose - 250 mg three times daily with meals; adjusted by specialist according to indication and response. Child Dose - Specialist-determined dose based on age, weight, and indication (commonly 5–15 mg/kg/day in divided doses). |
Contraindications - Hypersensitivity to alverine or any excipients, paralytic ileus, intestinal obstruction, or dynamic ileus. Avoid - Use in children, known hypersensitivity. Cautions - Use during pregnancy and breastfeeding only if clearly needed; hepatic impairment; long-term use not recommended without medical supervision. Side Effects - Nausea, dizziness, headache, allergic skin reactions, hepatitis (rare). Trade Names - tab: Spasmonal® Drug Interactions - No significant interactions reported, but caution with other antispasmodics or sedatives. Adult Dose - 60 mg three times daily; may be increased to 120 mg three times daily if required. Child Dose - Not recommended for pediatric use. |
Contraindications - Known hypersensitivity to simeticone or any component of the formulation. Avoid - Hypersensitivity, use in cases of intestinal perforation or obstruction. Cautions - Use with caution in infants; evaluate underlying causes of persistent symptoms. Side Effects - Rare; occasionally mild gastrointestinal disturbances. Trade Names - cap: Infacol®, liquid: Wind-eze® Drug Interactions - No significant interactions known; can be co-administered with most medications. Adult Dose - 40–125 mg up to four times daily, typically after meals and at bedtime. Child Dose - 20 mg up to four times daily, usually after feeds. |
Contraindications - Known hypersensitivity to alginic acid or formulation components. Avoid - Hypersensitivity, use in patients with swallowing difficulties. Cautions - Avoid in cases of phenylketonuria (some formulations may contain aspartame), monitor sodium intake in patients on sodium-restricted diets. Side Effects - Rare; may include nausea, constipation, or hypersensitivity reactions. Trade Names - liquid: Gaviscon® Drug Interactions - May interfere with the absorption of other oral medications—separate administration by at least 2 hours. Adult Dose - 10–20 mL after meals and at bedtime. Child Dose - Dose varies by age: typically 5–10 mL after meals and at bedtime; consult specialist for infants or toddlers. |
Contraindications - Non-functioning gall bladder, Calcified (radio-opaque) gallstones, Acute inflammation of the gall bladder or biliary tract, Obstruction of bile ducts, Circulatory disturbances of bile, Hypersensitivity to bile acids. Avoid - Pregnancy (unless essential), Breastfeeding, Severe hepatic impairment. Cautions - Monitor liver function regularly during therapy, Use with caution in liver disease, May require dose adjustment in renal impairment. Side Effects - Diarrhea (most common), Nausea, Vomiting, Abdominal pain, Pruritus, Elevated liver enzymes (rare). Trade Names - Udchol Forte tab:®, Ursocol 300 tab:®, Ursocol 150 tab:®, Sulgidam cap:® Drug Interactions - May reduce effectiveness of bile acid sequestrants (e.g., cholestyramine), aluminium-based antacids; separate doses by at least 2 hours. Estrogens and oral contraceptives may increase cholesterol levels in bile and counteract the effects. Adult Dose - Gallstone dissolution: 8–12 mg/kg/day in 2–3 divided doses; PBC: typically 13–15 mg/kg/day in 2–4 divided doses. Child Dose - Dose varies by indication and body weight; typically 10–20 mg/kg/day in divided doses under specialist supervision. |
Contraindications - History of gallbladder disease or biliary tract disease including gallstones, Severe renal or hepatic impairment, Known hypersensitivity to gemfibrozil. Cautions - Correct hypothyroidism before initiating treatment, Monitor liver function and blood counts periodically, Use with caution in patients with history of gallstones. Avoid - Pregnancy, Breastfeeding, Severe hepatic or renal impairment. Side Effects - Constipation, Diarrhea, Fatigue, Gastrointestinal discomfort, Vomiting, Headache, Skin rash or reactions, Myopathy (rare). Trade Names - tab: Lopid®, cap: Gemfibrozil® Drug Interactions - Increased risk of myopathy with statins (especially simvastatin), anticoagulants (e.g., warfarin – enhanced effect), antidiabetic agents (potentiation of effect), cyclosporine (increased toxicity). Adult Dose - 600 mg twice daily, 30 minutes before morning and evening meals. Child Dose - Not recommended for pediatric use. |
Contraindications - Known or suspected malignancy in the gastrointestinal tract, liver, gallbladder or pancreas; hypersensitivity to teduglutide or any of its excipients. Avoid - Use during pregnancy and breastfeeding, Active or suspected gastrointestinal malignancies. Cautions - History of gastrointestinal obstruction, Active gallbladder or biliary tract disease, Pancreatic disease, Cardiovascular disease due to risk of fluid overload, Monitor electrolytes, fluid balance, and signs of intestinal neoplasia during therapy. Side Effects - Abdominal pain, nausea, injection site reactions, gastrointestinal polyps, fluid overload, stoma complications, respiratory infections. Trade Names - inj: Revestive® (Specialist use only) Drug Interactions - May alter absorption of concomitantly administered oral medications; monitor clinical response of critical-dose drugs (e.g., digoxin, antiepileptics). Adult Dose - 0.05 mg/kg once daily by subcutaneous injection, same time each day. Child Dose - 0.05 mg/kg once daily by subcutaneous injection; dose adjustment may be required based on tolerance and clinical response. |
Contraindications - Known or suspected mechanical gastrointestinal obstruction, Hypersensitivity to linaclotide or any excipients. Avoid - Use during pregnancy, Inflammatory bowel disease (e.g., Crohn’s disease, ulcerative colitis), Intestinal obstruction. Cautions - Monitor for severe or prolonged diarrhoea, Use with caution in the elderly and patients with renal impairment due to dehydration risk. Side Effects - Diarrhoea, abdominal pain, flatulence, abdominal distension, headache, fatigue. Trade Names - cap: Constella® Drug Interactions - May affect absorption of orally administered drugs due to increased GI transit; monitor if co-administered with drugs of narrow therapeutic index. Adult Dose - 290 micrograms once daily at least 30 minutes before food. Child Dose - Not recommended for pediatric use. |
Contraindications - Hypersensitivity to vedolizumab or any of its excipients. Avoid - Severe active infections, use in pregnancy and breastfeeding unless benefits outweigh risks. Cautions - Monitor for infections during and after treatment, Perform tuberculosis screening prior to initiation, Risk of progressive multifocal leukoencephalopathy (PML), Hypersensitivity or infusion-related reactions. Side Effects - Nasopharyngitis, headache, arthralgia, nausea, pyrexia, upper respiratory tract infection, fatigue. Trade Names - inj: Entyvio® (Specialist use only) Drug Interactions - Limited data available; caution advised with concomitant immunosuppressants or biologic agents. Adult Dose - 300 mg IV at 0, 2, and 6 weeks, then every 8 weeks thereafter. Child Dose - Not recommended (safety and efficacy not established in pediatric patients). |
Contraindications - Severe renal impairment, hypersensitivity to salicylates or mesalazine. Avoid - Children with blood clotting abnormalities. Cautions - Use with caution in elderly patients, those with pulmonary disease (especially asthma), hepatic or renal impairment. Side Effects - Nausea, abdominal pain, headache, flatulence, rash, rare blood dyscrasias. Trade Names - tab: Pentasa®, Asacol®, Salofalk® cap: Mezavant® Drug Interactions - Caution with nephrotoxic drugs (e.g., NSAIDs), azathioprine, mercaptopurine (risk of myelosuppression). Adult Dose - 2–4 g/day in divided doses for active disease; 1.2–2.4 g/day for maintenance. Child Dose - Varies by age and formulation; typically 20–30 mg/kg/day in divided doses under specialist supervision. |
Contraindications - Perforated eardrum, ear infection, inflammation, or eczema of the ear canal. Avoid - Use in case of known hypersensitivity, avoid contact with eyes. Cautions - Discontinue if irritation or inflammation occurs; use under medical supervision if ear surgery history exists. Side Effects - Mild stinging, itching, irritation, or temporary hearing changes. Trade Names - ear-drop: Exterol®, Otex® Drug Interactions - None known when used as directed. Adult Dose - 5 drops into affected ear(s) once or twice daily for up to 3–4 days. Child Dose - Same as adults; under supervision in children under 12 years. |
Contraindications - Significant renal impairment, cardiovascular instability, respiratory depression, impaired consciousness, known or suspected genetic susceptibility to malignant hyperthermia, history of liver damage after prior use. Avoid - Use in patients with cardiovascular disease, impaired consciousness, or respiratory depression. Cautions - Use with caution in elderly, hypotension, concurrent use of nephrotoxic drugs, prolonged use increases toxicity risk. Side Effects - Dizziness, headache, nausea, somnolence, hypotension, renal toxicity (dose-related). Trade Names - inhaler: Penthrox® Drug Interactions - Avoid concurrent use with nephrotoxic agents (e.g., aminoglycosides), CNS depressants, or enzyme inducers. Adult Dose - 3 mL via inhaler, may repeat once; maximum 6 mL/day and 15 mL/week. Child Dose - Not recommended in children under 12 years. |
Contraindications - Hypersensitivity to ingredients, untreated bacterial/fungal/viral anorectal infections. Avoid - Prolonged use, use in broken or infected skin. Cautions - Topical or intra-anal administration may lead to systemic absorption, especially with prolonged use or on broken skin. Side Effects - Local irritation, allergic reactions, thinning of perianal skin with prolonged use. Trade Names - supp: Proctosedyl®, oint: Uniroid HC® Drug Interactions - Avoid concomitant use with other topical corticosteroids or anaesthetics unless advised. Adult Dose - Apply or insert into the rectum twice daily, morning and evening, and after each bowel movement. Child Dose - Not recommended without medical supervision. |
Contraindications - Hypersensitivity to rifaximin or other rifamycins, history of pseudomembranous colitis. Avoid - Intestinal obstruction, pregnancy, breastfeeding, significant hepatic impairment (especially for hepatic encephalopathy indication). Cautions - Prolonged use may lead to bacterial resistance or C. difficile-associated diarrhoea. Side Effects - Nausea, flatulence, abdominal pain, headache, peripheral oedema. Trade Names - tab: Xifaxan®, cap: Zaxine® Drug Interactions - May affect efficacy of warfarin (monitor INR), cyclosporine may increase rifaximin levels. Adult Dose - Traveller’s diarrhoea: 200 mg 3 times daily for 3 days; Hepatic encephalopathy: 550 mg twice daily. Child Dose - Not recommended under 12 years; dosing in adolescents must be guided by a specialist. |
Contraindications - Severe myocardial insufficiency, recent myocardial infarction, uncontrolled infection, marked myelosuppression. Avoid - Pregnancy, breastfeeding, severe hepatic or renal impairment. Cautions - Pre-existing cardiac disease, previous anthracycline therapy, bone marrow suppression, elderly, hepatic/renal impairment. Side Effects - Cardiotoxicity, myelosuppression, alopecia, mucositis, nausea, vomiting, red discoloration of urine. Trade Names - inj: Cerubidine®, DaunoXome® Drug Interactions - Increased cardiotoxicity with other cardiotoxic agents (e.g. trastuzumab), increased toxicity with cyclophosphamide, avoid live vaccines. Adult Dose - AML: 45–60 mg/m² IV once daily for 1–3 days in combination regimens (adjust per protocol). Child Dose - Commonly 25–45 mg/m² IV per dose depending on regimen and protocol – specialist supervision required. |
Contraindications - Severe infections, hypersensitivity to siltuximab or its components. Avoid - Pregnancy, breastfeeding, active severe infections, GI perforation risk. Cautions - Monitor for infusion-related reactions, neutropenia, thrombocytopenia, gastrointestinal perforation, lipid changes, and infections. Side Effects - Infections, pruritus, rash, upper respiratory tract infections, weight gain, hyperlipidemia, infusion reactions. Trade Names - inj: Sylvant® Drug Interactions - May alter CYP450 activity—monitor drugs with narrow therapeutic index (e.g. warfarin, cyclosporine). Adult Dose - 11 mg/kg IV over 1 hour every 3 weeks. Child Dose - Not recommended – safety and efficacy not established. |
Contraindications - Severe hepatic impairment, baseline neutrophil count <1500/mm³, baseline platelet count <100,000/mm³, severe cardiac disease, recent myocardial infarction, hypersensitivity to pixantrone or excipients. Avoid - Active severe infections, pregnancy, breastfeeding. Cautions - Cardiac monitoring (risk of cardiotoxicity), myelosuppression, secondary malignancies, hepatic and renal function monitoring. Side Effects - Neutropenia, anemia, thrombocytopenia, nausea, vomiting, fatigue, infections, cardiotoxicity. Trade Names - inj: Pixuvri® Drug Interactions - Avoid concomitant use with other cardiotoxic agents; increased toxicity risk with live vaccines. Adult Dose - 50 mg/m² IV on days 1, 8, and 15 of a 28-day cycle, for up to 6 cycles. Child Dose - Not recommended – safety and efficacy not established in pediatric patients. |
Contraindications - Hypersensitivity to Idarubicin or other anthracyclines, Recent myocardial infarction, Severe arrhythmias, Myocardial insufficiency, Persistent myelosuppression, Severe hepatic or renal impairment, Uncontrolled infection. Caution - Use with caution in patients with cardiac disease, liver/kidney dysfunction, bone marrow suppression, prior radiation therapy, or prior anthracycline treatment. Monitor cardiac function before and during treatment. Avoid - Live vaccines, concomitant use with other cardiotoxic agents unless benefits outweigh risks, pregnancy and breastfeeding. Trade Names - Zavedos®, Idamycin®, Idarubicin Sandoz®. Drug Interaction - Increased toxicity with other cytotoxic drugs; enhanced cardiotoxicity with cyclophosphamide, trastuzumab, or paclitaxel. Reduced effect with concomitant use of hepatically metabolized drugs. Additive myelosuppression with radiation or other chemotherapy agents. Adult Dose - AML (IV): 12 mg/m² daily for 3 days in combination with cytarabine (induction). For breast cancer (off-label): 10-12 mg/m² IV every 3-4 weeks as monotherapy or with other agents. Child Dose - AML: 10-12 mg/m² IV daily for 3 days (adjusted per protocol and BSA); requires close monitoring of cardiac function and blood counts. |
Contraindications - Hypersensitivity to temozolomide or dacarbazine, Severe myelosuppression. Cautions - Risk of Pneumocystis jirovecii pneumonia (especially when given with radiotherapy), Hepatic/renal impairment, History of myelosuppression, Opportunistic infections, Secondary malignancies, Infertility risk. Avoid - Live vaccines, Pregnancy, Breastfeeding, Concomitant use with other myelosuppressive agents without proper monitoring. Trade Names - Temodar®, Temodal®, Temcad®, Temonat®. Drug Interaction - Additive myelosuppressive effects with other cytotoxic drugs, Possible reduced effectiveness with enzyme-inducing antiepileptics (e.g., phenytoin, carbamazepine), Increased hematologic toxicity with radiation. Adult Dose - Newly diagnosed GBM: 75 mg/m² orally once daily with radiotherapy for 42 days, followed by 150–200 mg/m² once daily for 5 days every 28 days for up to 6 cycles. Child Dose - Recurrent brain tumors: 150–200 mg/m² orally once daily for 5 days every 28 days (adjust based on tolerance and protocol). Tab: ®, Cap: ® |
Contraindications - Hypersensitivity to framycetin or other aminoglycosides, Extensive application on large areas especially in renal impairment, Deep or puncture wounds, Otitis externa with perforated eardrum. Cautions - Use with caution in prolonged treatments or over large surface areas; risk of systemic absorption especially in renal impairment. Avoid - Ocular use, Inhalation, Application to perforated tympanic membrane, Use in neonates unless prescribed. Trade Names - Soframycin® (cream/skin ointment), Framygen® (ointment), Framycort® (ointment with corticosteroids), Sofradex® (ear/eye drops). Drug Interaction - Potential additive nephrotoxicity or ototoxicity if absorbed systemically and used with other nephrotoxic/ototoxic drugs (e.g., vancomycin, furosemide). Minimal interaction with topical use unless systemic absorption occurs. Adult Dose - Apply thin layer of cream or ointment 2–3 times daily. For wound care, MB-tulle dressing soaked with framycetin solution may be used. Child Dose - Same as adults; apply with caution in infants and young children. Avoid prolonged or extensive use. Cream: Soframycin®, Ointment: Framygen®, Drops: Sofradex® |
Contraindications - Hypersensitivity to gramicidin or combination components, Perforated tympanic membrane (in ear use), Deep or puncture wounds, Systemic infection requiring systemic antibiotics. Cautions - Avoid contact with eyes (unless ophthalmic preparation), prolonged use may promote resistance or secondary infection. Use cautiously in large areas or broken skin. Avoid - Systemic use, Long-term use without supervision, Use in neonates unless prescribed. Trade Names - Sofradex® (ear/eye drops: with dexamethasone and framycetin), Neosporin® (ointment: with neomycin, polymyxin B), Gramyderm® (topical cream/ointment). Drug Interaction - Minimal with topical use; additive ototoxicity or nephrotoxicity if absorbed systemically and combined with other ototoxic drugs. Avoid use with other topical antibiotics that may cause cross-sensitivity. Adult Dose - Apply a thin layer 2–3 times daily to affected skin. For otic/ophthalmic use: 2–3 drops in affected ear/eye 3–4 times daily (as per product label). Child Dose - Same as adult. Use with caution in young children, especially in otic preparations. Ointment: Neosporin®, Drops: Sofradex®, Cream: Gramyderm® |
Contraindications - Hypersensitivity to hydroxyurea, Severe bone marrow suppression, Pregnancy and breastfeeding (unless benefits outweigh risks). Cautions - Renal or hepatic impairment, Elderly patients, Prior or concurrent radiotherapy, Risk of secondary malignancy (especially skin cancer), Monitor blood counts regularly. Avoid - Live vaccines, Sun exposure without protection (risk of skin toxicity), Concomitant use with other myelosuppressive agents unless closely monitored. Side Effects - Nausea, Vomiting, Diarrhea, Bone marrow suppression (anemia, leukopenia, thrombocytopenia), Skin reactions (ulcers, hyperpigmentation), Fever, Fatigue, Hair thinning. Trade Names - Tab: Siklos®, Cap: Hydrea®, Droxia® (Specialist use only) Drug Interaction - Increased myelosuppressive effects with antiretrovirals (e.g., didanosine, stavudine), Enhanced toxicity with other cytotoxic drugs or radiation, Risk of pancreatitis and hepatotoxicity when combined with certain antiretrovirals. Adult Dose - CML/Polycythaemia/Thrombocythaemia: 15–30 mg/kg/day orally in divided doses (adjusted based on response and blood counts). Sickle-cell disease: Initial 15 mg/kg/day; titrate up to 35 mg/kg/day if tolerated. Maintain based on response. Child Dose - Sickle-cell disease: 15–20 mg/kg/day orally; titrate cautiously based on clinical response and neutrophil count. Use under specialist supervision. |
Contraindications - Severe renal impairment (CrCl < 60 mL/min), Active infections, Hypersensitivity to pentostatin. Cautions - Monitor renal function and blood counts before and during treatment; Risk of immunosuppression, opportunistic infections, and pulmonary toxicity (especially with prior chemotherapy or radiotherapy). Avoid - Concomitant use with fludarabine (severe pulmonary toxicity risk), Live vaccines during and after treatment, Use in pregnancy and breastfeeding. Side Effects - Myelosuppression (anemia, leukopenia, thrombocytopenia), Nausea, Vomiting, Rash, Fever, Fatigue, Respiratory symptoms (cough, dyspnea), Risk of opportunistic infections. Trade Names - Inj: Nipent® (Specialist use only) Drug Interaction - Severe pulmonary toxicity with fludarabine, Increased risk of immunosuppression when combined with other cytotoxic drugs, Avoid live vaccines. Adult Dose - 4 mg/m² IV every other week. Adjust based on renal function and hematologic response. Monitor CBC and renal function prior to each dose. Child Dose - Safety and efficacy not well established. Use only under expert supervision in pediatric oncology settings. |
Contraindications - Hypersensitivity to etoposide or polysorbate 80 (used in IV form), Severe hepatic or renal impairment unless adjusted, Pregnancy and breastfeeding. Cautions - Bone marrow suppression, Renal or hepatic dysfunction (dose adjustment needed), Elderly patients, Risk of secondary leukemia with long-term use, Monitor CBC and liver/kidney function regularly. Avoid - Live vaccines during and after treatment, Concomitant use with other myelosuppressive drugs without close monitoring. Adverse Effects - Alopecia, Nausea, Vomiting, Myelosuppression, Hypotension (IV form), Mucositis, Anorexia. Trade Names - Cap: Vepesid®, Inj: Etopophos®, Etoposide Ebewe® (Specialist use only) Drug Interaction - Increased toxicity with cyclosporine (elevated plasma levels), Additive myelosuppression with other cytotoxics, Possible reduced effectiveness with warfarin, Caution with live vaccines. Adult Dose - Cap/Oral: 100–200 mg/m²/day for 5 days in 21-day cycles. IV: 50–100 mg/m²/day for 5 days or 100 mg/m² on alternate days. Adjust for renal/hepatic function. Child Dose - Oral/IV: 100–200 mg/m²/day for 5 days every 21–28 days. Dose modifications required based on toxicity and response; use under oncologist supervision. |
Contraindications - Cautions - Bone marrow suppression, Autoimmune hemolytic anemia, CNS toxicity (rare but serious), Risk of opportunistic infections, Monitor CBC and renal function. Avoid - Concomitant use with pentostatin (↑ risk of fatal pulmonary toxicity), Live vaccines, Use in children unless under expert supervision. Side Effects - Myelosuppression (anemia, neutropenia, thrombocytopenia), Nausea, Vomiting, Fatigue, Fever, Infections, Neurotoxicity (confusion, seizures at high doses). Trade Names - Tab: Fludara®, Inj: Fludara® IV (Specialist use only) Drug Interaction - Fatal pulmonary toxicity when combined with pentostatin, Additive immunosuppression with other cytotoxic agents, ↓ efficacy of vaccines, Caution with other nephrotoxic or neurotoxic agents. Adult Dose - CLL: 25 mg/m² IV or orally once daily for 5 consecutive days, every 28 days. Adjust dose for renal function. Child Dose - Not routinely recommended; specialist pediatric oncology dosing required if used (e.g., 25 mg/m²/day IV for 5 days every 28 days). |
Contraindications - Active chronic infections (e.g., tuberculosis, HIV), Pregnancy and breastfeeding, Moderate to severe renal impairment (CrCl < 60 mL/min), Hypersensitivity to cladribine. Cautions - Risk of prolonged lymphopenia and infection, Monitor blood counts and renal function, Avoid in patients with malignancy history unless benefit outweighs risk, Avoid conception during and 6 months after treatment. Avoid - Live vaccines, Concomitant use with other immunosuppressants or myelosuppressives without close monitoring, Sun exposure (photosensitivity). Side Effects - Lymphopenia, Headache, Nausea, Fever, Fatigue, Increased risk of infections (e.g., herpes zoster), Hepatotoxicity, Hair thinning. Trade Names - Tab: Mavenclad®, Inj: Leustatin® (Specialist use only) Drug Interaction - Increased immunosuppression with other cytotoxics or corticosteroids, Avoid live vaccines, Potentially reduced vaccine efficacy. Adult Dose - Hairy Cell Leukaemia: 0.09 mg/kg/day IV for 7 consecutive days OR 0.14 mg/kg/day IV for 5 days. Multiple Sclerosis: 3.5 mg/kg total oral dose over 2 years (divided in 2 treatment weeks per year). Child Dose - Not routinely recommended; pediatric use only under specialist oncology or neurology supervision. |
Contraindications - Severe renal impairment (CrCl < 40 mL/min), Pregnancy and breastfeeding, Hypersensitivity to raltitrexed. Cautions - Moderate renal impairment (dose adjustment required), Bone marrow suppression, Monitor renal function and liver enzymes, Use with caution in elderly or debilitated patients. Avoid - Concurrent use with nephrotoxic agents or other antifolates, Live vaccines, Use in pregnancy without specialist supervision. Side Effects - Myelosuppression (anemia, leukopenia, thrombocytopenia), Nausea, Vomiting, Diarrhea, Mucositis, Hepatotoxicity, Fatigue. Trade Names - Inj: Tomudex® (Specialist use only) Drug Interaction - Enhanced toxicity with other cytotoxic drugs, Increased risk of renal toxicity with NSAIDs or nephrotoxic drugs, Reduced efficacy with folinic acid or folic acid (avoid during treatment). Adult Dose - 3 mg/m² IV over 15 minutes every 3 weeks. Dose adjustments required for renal function and toxicity. Child Dose - Not routinely recommended in children; pediatric use only under oncology specialist supervision. |
Contraindications - Severe renal or hepatic impairment, Hypersensitivity to sulfonamides or acetazolamide, Adrenal gland failure, Hyperchloremic acidosis, Hypokalemia or hyponatremia. Cautions - Elderly patients, Diabetes mellitus, Respiratory acidosis, Electrolyte imbalance, Gout, Concurrent use with high-dose aspirin (risk of metabolic acidosis). Avoid - Use in pregnancy (unless benefit outweighs risk), Breastfeeding, Prolonged use without monitoring of electrolytes and blood counts. Side Effects - Paresthesia, Fatigue, Dizziness, Nausea, Vomiting, Diarrhea, Electrolyte imbalance (especially hypokalemia), Renal stones, Metabolic acidosis, Skin rash, Depression. Trade Names - Tab: Terocec®, Diamox® Drug Interaction - Increased risk of hypokalemia with corticosteroids or diuretics, May enhance toxicity of salicylates, May alter effects of anticonvulsants, Risk of CNS depression with other sedatives. Adult Dose - Glaucoma: 250–1000 mg/day in divided doses. Epilepsy: 250–1000 mg/day in divided doses as adjunct. Altitude sickness: 500–1000 mg/day in divided doses starting 1–2 days before ascent. Child Dose - Epilepsy: 8–30 mg/kg/day in divided doses. Maximum: 750 mg/day. Use under specialist guidance. |
Contraindications - Severe renal impairment, Hypersensitivity to any component of the preparation, Acute glomerulonephritis. Cautions - Use in patients with gastrointestinal disorders, Pregnancy and breastfeeding (safety not established), Avoid in patients with known gallstones or bile duct obstruction. Avoid - Use in children under 6 years unless prescribed by a physician, Concurrent use with other urological antispasmodics without monitoring. Side Effects - Mild gastrointestinal discomfort, Nausea, Stomach pain, Rare allergic reactions (rash, itching). Trade Names - Cap: Rowatinex® Drug Interaction - May enhance the effects of other urinary tract agents, Unknown interaction profile—use with caution with anticoagulants or antihypertensives. Adult Dose - 1 capsule 3–4 times daily, before meals. Child Dose - Children >6 years: 1 capsule twice daily, before meals. Not recommended for children under 6 years. |
Contraindications - Anuria, Acute or chronic renal failure, Hyperkalemia, Addison’s disease, Hypersensitivity to amiloride. Cautions - Diabetes mellitus, Elderly patients, Impaired renal function, Concurrent use with potassium supplements or ACE inhibitors (risk of hyperkalemia). Avoid - Potassium supplements, Salt substitutes containing potassium, Concurrent potassium-sparing diuretics. Side Effects - Hyperkalemia, Nausea, Vomiting, Diarrhea, Headache, Dizziness, Leg cramps, Rash. Trade Names - Tab: Midamor®, Modamide® Drug Interaction - Risk of hyperkalemia with ACE inhibitors, ARBs, potassium supplements, NSAIDs, and other potassium-sparing diuretics; may reduce lithium clearance. Adult Dose - Oedema: Initially 5–10 mg daily; maintenance 5 mg daily. Hypertension (with other diuretics): 5 mg daily, adjusted as needed. Child Dose - Not routinely recommended in children; use only under specialist supervision with dose based on weight and renal function. |
Contraindications - Addison’s disease, Anuria, Acute renal insufficiency, Hyperkalemia, Hypersensitivity to spironolactone. Cautions - Elderly, Diabetes mellitus, Hepatic impairment, Risk of gynecomastia, Acute porphyria, Feminization of male fetus (seen in animal studies). Avoid - Potassium supplements, Other potassium-sparing diuretics, Salt substitutes containing potassium. Side Effects - Hyperkalemia, Hyponatremia, Gynecomastia, Menstrual irregularities, Gastrointestinal upset, Drowsiness, Rash, Impotence. Trade Names - Tab: Aldactone® Drug Interaction - Increased risk of hyperkalemia with ACE inhibitors, ARBs, NSAIDs, potassium supplements; may reduce clearance of digoxin and lithium; additive hypotensive effects with antihypertensives. Adult Dose - Oedema/Ascites: 25–100 mg daily in divided doses; up to 400 mg/day if needed. Heart failure: 25 mg once daily, titrated up to 50 mg if tolerated. Hyperaldosteronism (diagnostic): 400 mg/day for 4 days. Child Dose - 1–3.3 mg/kg/day in divided doses; adjust per response and monitoring. Use under specialist supervision. |
Contraindications - Pregnancy, women planning pregnancy within 3 years, severe liver or kidney impairment, chronic abnormally elevated blood lipid levels, hypersensitivity to acitretin or other retinoids. Avoid - Alcohol use (prolongs teratogenic potential), breastfeeding. Cautions - Monitor liver function and lipid levels regularly, risk of psychiatric effects (e.g. depression), bone abnormalities with long-term use, photosensitivity. Side Effects - Dry skin, cheilitis, hair thinning, elevated liver enzymes, hyperlipidemia, mood changes, musculoskeletal symptoms. Trade Names - tab: Neotigason® Drug Interactions - Avoid tetracyclines (risk of intracranial hypertension), methotrexate (hepatotoxicity), and vitamin A supplements (additive toxicity). Adult Dose - Initially 25–30 mg once daily; adjusted according to response (max 75 mg/day). Child Dose - Use only under specialist supervision; dose based on body weight. |
Contraindications - Hypersensitivity to acyclovir or valacyclovir. Avoid - Use with caution during pregnancy and lactation (only if potential benefit justifies the risk). Cautions - Renal impairment (dose adjustment required), elderly, adequate hydration recommended to prevent renal toxicity. Side Effects - Nausea, vomiting, diarrhea, headache, dizziness, renal impairment (high IV doses), local irritation (topical). Trade Names - Vivir cream:®, Virless tab:® Drug Interactions - Probenecid increases plasma concentration; caution with other nephrotoxic agents (e.g. cyclosporine, tacrolimus). Adult Dose - Oral: 200 mg 5 times daily for 5 days (Herpes simplex); Topical: apply 5 times daily for 5–10 days. Child Dose - Dose depends on weight and indication; e.g. 20 mg/kg orally 4 times daily for 5 days (chickenpox, max 800 mg per dose). |
Contraindications - Hypersensitivity to fomivirsen or any component of the formulation. Avoid - Use in pregnancy and lactation unless clearly needed. Cautions - Monitor intraocular pressure; use with caution in patients with ocular inflammation or recent ocular surgery. Side Effects - Iritis, vitritis, increased intraocular pressure, visual disturbances, retinal detachment. Trade Names - Vitravene® (intraocular injection) Drug Interactions - No significant systemic drug interactions reported (administered intravitreally). Adult Dose - 165 mcg intravitreal injection once every 2 weeks for 3 doses, then once monthly as maintenance. Child Dose - Not recommended for pediatric use. |
Contraindications - Hypersensitivity to ganciclovir, valganciclovir or acyclovir. Avoid - Pregnancy, Breastfeeding (unless benefits outweigh risks), Severe neutropenia or thrombocytopenia. Cautions - Renal impairment (dose adjustment required), Elderly, Bone marrow suppression. Side Effects - Myelosuppression (neutropenia, anemia), GI upset, CNS effects (confusion, seizures), Visual disturbances. Trade Names - tab: Cymevene®, inj: Cytovene®, eye gel: Virgan® Drug Interactions - Increased risk of bone marrow suppression with zidovudine, didanosine, or other myelotoxic agents; nephrotoxicity risk with cyclosporine or amphotericin B. Adult Dose - CMV retinitis: 5 mg/kg IV every 12 hours for 14–21 days, then maintenance 5 mg/kg/day IV 5–7 days/week. For keratitis: apply eye gel 5 times daily until healing, then 3 times daily. Child Dose - Dose adjusted based on age, weight, renal function – specialist use only. |
Contraindications - Known hypersensitivity to aglepristone or excipients. Cautions - Should be used only by professionals trained in its use; monitor for incomplete abortion or uterine infection. Avoid - Use in humans (not approved); do not use in animals with hepatic or renal impairment unless under supervision. inj: Alizin® Adult : Not for human use. Child: Not for human use. |
Contraindications - Known hypersensitivity to alfaxalone or excipients; use caution in animals with cardiovascular instability. Cautions - Monitor respiratory and cardiovascular function closely; administer slowly to reduce risk of apnea. Avoid - Use in humans (not approved); use with caution in animals with hepatic impairment. inj: Alfaxan® Adult : Not for human use. Child: Not for human use. |
Contraindications - Respiratory depression, Acute asthma, Children under 12 years, Post-operative pain management in children following tonsillectomy and/or adenoidectomy, Known ultra-rapid metabolizers of codeine. Cautions - Elderly, Renal or hepatic impairment, History of drug abuse, Head injury, Constipation, Hypotension. Avoid - Use in breastfeeding and pregnancy unless absolutely necessary. Oral use: Pardale-V tab:®, Codeine tab:® Adult : 15–60 mg every 4–6 hours as needed; maximum 240 mg/day. Child: Not recommended for children under 12 years; 12–18 years only if benefit outweighs risk – 0.5–1 mg/kg every 6 hours (max 240 mg/day). |
Contraindications - Hypersensitivity to sulfonamides or trimethoprim, Infants under 6 weeks, Acute porphyria, Severe hepatic impairment, Severe renal impairment (unless dosage adjusted), Blood dyscrasias. Cautions - Elderly, G6PD deficiency, Asthma, Folate deficiency, HIV infection, Renal or hepatic dysfunction. Avoid - Use during pregnancy (especially first trimester) and breastfeeding unless necessary. Bactomed-480 tab:®, Mb-tran suspension:® Adult : 960 mg (800 mg sulfamethoxazole + 160 mg trimethoprim) every 12 hours; in Pneumocystis pneumonia: 15–20 mg/kg/day trimethoprim component in divided doses. Child: Based on trimethoprim component: 6 mg/kg twice daily (adjust per condition and weight). |
Contraindications - Ischaemic heart disease, uncontrolled hypertension, cerebrovascular disease, severe hepatic impairment, use of ergotamine within 24 hours. Cautions - Elderly, renal or mild to moderate hepatic impairment, known risk factors for coronary artery disease. Avoid - Pregnancy, breastfeeding, concurrent MAO inhibitors or within 2 weeks of stopping them. Drug Interactions - MAO inhibitors, SSRIs, SNRIs, ergot derivatives, other triptans. Trade names - Almotriptan 12.5 mg tab:® Adult : 12.5 mg orally at onset of migraine; if needed, a second dose may be taken after 2 hours (max 25 mg/day). Child: Not recommended under 18 years. |
Contraindications - Coronary vasospasm, ischaemic heart disease, moderate or severe hypertension, peripheral vascular disease, previous cerebrovascular accident, previous myocardial infarction, previous transient ischaemic attack, Prinzmetal’s angina, uncontrolled hypertension. Cautions - Conditions predisposing to coronary artery disease, elderly. Avoid - Pregnancy, breastfeeding, concurrent use with other triptans or ergotamine within 24 hours. Drug Interactions - Ergot derivatives, MAO inhibitors, SSRIs, SNRIs, other triptans. Side Effects - Dizziness, drowsiness, fatigue, feeling hot, malaise, nausea, paraesthesia, vomiting. Trade names - Naratriptan 2.5 mg tab:® Adult : 2.5 mg orally at onset of migraine; may repeat once after at least 4 hours if needed (max 5 mg/day). Child: Not recommended under 18 years. |
Contraindications - Ischaemic heart disease, uncontrolled hypertension, cerebrovascular disease, severe hepatic impairment, use of ergotamine within 24 hours. Cautions - Elderly, renal or mild to moderate hepatic impairment, known risk factors for coronary artery disease. Avoid - Pregnancy, breastfeeding, concurrent MAO inhibitors or within 2 weeks of stopping them. Drug Interactions - MAO inhibitors, SSRIs, SNRIs, ergot derivatives, other triptans. Trade names - Rizatriptan 10 mg tab:® Adult : 10 mg orally at onset of migraine; may repeat once after at least 2 hours if needed (max 30 mg/day). Child: Not recommended under 18 years. |
Contraindications - Ischaemic heart disease, uncontrolled hypertension, cerebrovascular disease, severe hepatic impairment, use of ergotamine within 24 hours. Cautions - Elderly, renal or mild to moderate hepatic impairment, known risk factors for coronary artery disease. Avoid - Pregnancy, breastfeeding, concurrent MAO inhibitors or within 2 weeks of stopping them. Drug Interactions - MAO inhibitors, SSRIs, SNRIs, ergot derivatives, other triptans. Trade names - Sumatriptan 50–100 mg tab:®, Sumatriptan 50 mg cap:® Adult : 50–100 mg orally at onset; may repeat after 2 hours if needed (max 200 mg/day). Child: Not recommended under 18 years. |
Contraindications - Ischaemic heart disease, uncontrolled hypertension, cerebrovascular disease, severe hepatic impairment, use of ergotamine within 24 hours. Cautions - Elderly, renal or mild to moderate hepatic impairment, known risk factors for coronary artery disease. Avoid - Pregnancy, breastfeeding, concurrent MAO inhibitors or within 2 weeks of stopping them. Drug Interactions - MAO inhibitors, SSRIs, SNRIs, ergot derivatives, other triptans. Trade names - Zolmitriptan tab:®, Zolmitriptan cap:® Adult : 2.5 mg orally at onset; may repeat after 2 hours if needed (max 10 mg/day). Child: Not recommended under 18 years. |
Contraindications - Acute porphyrias, coronary heart disease, hyperthyroidism, inadequately controlled hypertension, obliterative vascular disease, peripheral vascular disease, Raynaud’s syndrome, sepsis, severe hypertension, temporal arteritis. Cautions - Anaemia, cardiac disease, dependence, elderly, risk of peripheral vasospasm. Side effects - Abdominal pain, dizziness, nausea, vomiting. Trade names - Ergotamine tartrate tab:®, Ergotamine tartrate cap:® Adult : 1 mg orally once daily for 6 nights, dose to be taken at night. Child: Not recommended. |
Avoid - Gastro-intestinal bleeding or ulceration, heart failure, contact with eyes and broken skin. Cautions - Allergic disorders, coagulation defects, elderly, heart failure, hypertension, heart diseases. Trade names - CEFEN-600 tab:®, Alaxan tab:®, BUFLEX 600 mg tab:®, PACFEN-200 mg tab:®, Ibuprofen DENK Adult : Dose varies according to indication; commonly 200-400 mg orally every 6-8 hours. Child: Dose based on weight, typically 5-10 mg/kg every 6-8 hours. |
Contraindications - Active or recurrent peptic ulceration or bleeding, severe heart failure, severe renal or hepatic impairment, third trimester of pregnancy. Cautions - Asthma, history of GI disorders, elderly, cardiovascular disease, hypertension, hepatic or renal dysfunction, avoid long-term use in women trying to conceive. Avoid - Pregnancy (especially third trimester), breastfeeding unless benefits outweigh risks, use with other NSAIDs. Drug Interactions - Anticoagulants, antiplatelet agents, corticosteroids, SSRIs, ACE inhibitors, diuretics, lithium, methotrexate. Trade names - Seractil® tab, Dexofen® tab, Dexium® cap Adult : 200–400 mg orally every 6–8 hours as needed; maximum 1200 mg/day. Child: Not generally recommended in children under 18 years unless under medical supervision. |
Contraindications - Severe bradyarrhythmia, recent myocardial infarction, severe coronary artery disease, hypersensitivity to clonidine. Cautions - Renal impairment, heart failure, bradycardia, depression, elderly, constipation, risk of rebound hypertension on sudden withdrawal. Avoid - Pregnancy, breastfeeding unless benefits clearly outweigh risks, abrupt discontinuation. Drug Interactions - Beta-blockers, tricyclic antidepressants, CNS depressants, MAO inhibitors, other antihypertensives, alcohol. Trade names - Catapres® tab, Dixarit® tab Adult: Initially 100 mcg twice daily; maintenance 100-300 mcg/day in divided doses. Maximum: 900 mcg/day in resistant hypertension. Child: Used for ADHD and other indications under specialist guidance; typical starting dose 25-50 mcg/day in divided doses, titrated as needed. |
Contraindications - Hypersensitivity to apraclonidine or clonidine, severe cardiovascular disease, concurrent use of monoamine oxidase inhibitors (MAOIs). Cautions - Renal impairment, cardiovascular disease, depression, dry mouth, elderly patients, avoid prolonged use due to tachyphylaxis. Avoid - Pregnancy, breastfeeding unless absolutely necessary, use in infants due to serious adverse effects. Drug Interactions - Tricyclic antidepressants, MAO inhibitors, beta-blockers, CNS depressants. Trade names - Iopidine® 0.5% eye drops Adult : 1 drop into the affected eye(s) 1 hour before and immediately after laser eye surgery; for glaucoma, 1 drop two to three times daily. Child: Not recommended in children under 12 years due to risk of severe adverse effects. |
Contraindications - Acute intoxication with alcohol, hypnotics, analgesics, or psychotropic drugs; uncontrolled epilepsy; respiratory depression. Cautions - History of seizures or head trauma, renal or hepatic impairment, respiratory disorders, elderly, risk of dependence or abuse. Avoid - Concomitant use with MAO inhibitors (within 14 days), pregnancy and breastfeeding unless essential. Drug Interactions - MAO inhibitors, SSRIs, tricyclic antidepressants, other CNS depressants, carbamazepine, serotonergic drugs. Trade names - Tramadol 50 mg Cap®, Tramamed® Cap, Pharmadol® Inj Adult : 50-100 mg orally every 4-6 hours as needed; maximum 400 mg/day. Child: Not recommended in children under 12 years; use with caution in older children only under medical supervision. |
Contraindications - Chronic psychosis, CNS depression, respiratory depression, sleep apnea syndrome, acute narrow-angle glaucoma, known hypersensitivity to benzodiazepines. Cautions - Muscle weakness, respiratory disease, renal or hepatic impairment, elderly or debilitated patients, mechanical ventilation facilities required before parenteral use. Avoid - Breastfeeding, use in patients with obsessional states, personality disorders, and compromised airways. Drug Interactions - CNS depressants (e.g., opioids, alcohol, antipsychotics), antidepressants, antihistamines, valproate, theophylline. Trade names - Lotax-2® tab Adult : 1-4 mg orally per day in divided doses for anxiety; 4 mg IM/IV for premedication or seizures, adjusted per indication. Child: Dosage individualized; typically 0.05-0.1 mg/kg IV for status epilepticus (under specialist supervision). |
Contraindications - Severe respiratory insufficiency, sleep apnea syndrome, myasthenia gravis, hypersensitivity to benzodiazepines, severe hepatic impairment. Cautions - Elderly, renal or hepatic impairment, history of substance abuse, depression, risk of dependence with prolonged use. Avoid - Pregnancy, breastfeeding, alcohol use, long-term use without medical supervision. Drug Interactions - CNS depressants, opioids, alcohol, antipsychotics, antidepressants, antihistamines, muscle relaxants. Trade names - Lotax-2® tab Adult: 7.5–30 mg orally at bedtime as needed for insomnia. Child: Not generally recommended; use only under strict medical supervision. |
Contraindications - Known hypersensitivity to modafinil or armodafinil, uncontrolled hypertension, cardiac arrhythmias. Cautions - Cardiovascular disease, hepatic or renal impairment, psychiatric disorders (e.g., anxiety, mania), elderly, pregnancy. Avoid - Use in children unless specifically prescribed, abrupt discontinuation in long-term use. Drug Interactions - Oral contraceptives (reduced efficacy), CYP3A4 substrates, warfarin, phenytoin, SSRIs, MAO inhibitors. Trade names - Modalert® tab, Provigil® tab Adult: 200 mg once daily in the morning or 1 hour before shift work. Maximum: 400 mg/day. Child: Not recommended unless under specialist supervision. |
Contraindications - Chronic malabsorption syndrome, cholestasis, hypersensitivity to orlistat. Cautions - Pregnancy, chronic kidney disease, history of hyperoxaluria or oxalate nephropathy, concurrent use with cyclosporine or levothyroxine (requires monitoring). Avoid - Use during breastfeeding, high-fat diets (increases GI side effects). Drug Interactions - Cyclosporine, warfarin, levothyroxine, fat-soluble vitamins (A, D, E, K), antiepileptics. Trade names - ORLIT® tab, Xenical® cap, Alli® cap Adult: 120 mg orally three times daily with each main meal containing fat. Omit dose if a meal is missed or contains no fat. Child: Approved in adolescents ≥12 years: 120 mg orally three times daily with meals (specialist guidance advised). |
Contraindications - Hypersensitivity to cinnarizine or related compounds, Parkinson’s disease (may worsen symptoms). Cautions - Elderly, hepatic or renal impairment, hypotension, concurrent use with CNS depressants. Avoid - Use in patients with Parkinsonism unless benefits outweigh risks; avoid alcohol and driving during therapy due to drowsiness. Drug Interactions - Alcohol, sedatives, hypnotics, tricyclic antidepressants, antihypertensives (may increase sedation or hypotensive effects). Trade names - Vertinil® 25 mg tab, Cinazin® tab, Vertigon® tab Adult: 25–75 mg orally 2–3 times daily depending on indication (e.g., 30 minutes before travel for motion sickness). Child: 5–15 mg orally up to 3 times daily (age-specific and under medical advice). |
Contraindications - Hypersensitivity to cyclizine or related antihistamines, severe liver disease. Cautions - Hepatic impairment, epilepsy, prostatic hypertrophy, angle-closure glaucoma, urinary retention, elderly patients. Avoid - Alcohol use (may increase drowsiness), operating machinery or driving during treatment, use in infants under 6 months. Drug Interactions - CNS depressants (e.g. opioids, benzodiazepines), anticholinergics, tricyclic antidepressants, MAO inhibitors. Trade names - Valoid® tab, Cyclivert® tab, Cyclizine® tab/cap Adult: 50 mg orally up to 3 times daily. Max: 150 mg/day. Child: 6–12 years: 25 mg orally up to 3 times daily. Not recommended under 6 years unless prescribed. |
Contraindications - Known hypersensitivity to granisetron or other 5-HT3 receptor antagonists. Cautions - Hepatic impairment, risk of QT prolongation, electrolyte imbalance, use in combination with other serotonergic drugs (risk of serotonin syndrome). Avoid - Use in patients with gastrointestinal obstruction unless under close supervision. Drug Interactions - Serotonergic agents (e.g. SSRIs, SNRIs), QT-prolonging drugs, CYP3A4 inhibitors. Trade names - Navom® IV Solution, Kytril® Injection, Grani-Denk® 1 mg/mL Injection Adult: 1–3 mg IV before chemotherapy; oral: 1 mg twice daily. Child: 10–40 mcg/kg IV (max 3 mg), given prior to chemotherapy. |
Contraindications - Severe respiratory depression without resuscitative equipment, known hypersensitivity to opioids. Cautions - Hepatic impairment, renal impairment, bradyarrhythmias, elderly or debilitated patients, repeated intra-operative dosing may prolong respiratory depression. Avoid - Use in patients without appropriate respiratory support; pregnancy unless benefits outweigh risks. Drug Interactions - CNS depressants, MAO inhibitors, benzodiazepines, muscle relaxants, CYP3A4 inhibitors. Side effects - Respiratory depression, chest wall and jaw muscle rigidity, hypotension, bradycardia, nausea, vomiting. Trade names - Rapifen® Injection Adult: 10–50 mcg/kg IV bolus; may follow with continuous infusion 0.5–1 mcg/kg/min depending on procedure. Child: Use with caution; dosing individualized by anaesthesiologist in controlled settings. |
Contraindications - Severe hepatic impairment, known hypersensitivity to paracetamol. Cautions - Liver disease, chronic alcohol use, dehydration, malnutrition. Use with caution in asthmatic patients sensitive to aspirin or NSAIDs. Avoid - Exceeding recommended dosage, concurrent use with other products containing paracetamol, long-term use without medical advice. Drug Interactions - Alcohol, isoniazid, warfarin (long-term use), enzyme-inducing drugs (e.g., carbamazepine, phenytoin). Trade names - Biogesic® tab, Hedex® tab, Paramol® syrup 60 mL, Parazox® uncoated tab, Len Sen® suspension Adult: 500–1000 mg orally every 4–6 hours as needed; maximum 4000 mg/day. Child: 15 mg/kg per dose every 4–6 hours; do not exceed 60 mg/kg/day in children. |
Contraindications - Active gastrointestinal bleeding or ulceration, ischemic heart disease, heart failure, pregnancy (especially third trimester), severe renal impairment. Cautions - History of allergic disorders, cardiac impairment, coagulation defects, elderly patients, hypertension, oedema, history of cardiac failure, ulcerative colitis, hepatic impairment, breastfeeding, long-term use may impair female fertility. Avoid - Concurrent use with other NSAIDs, late pregnancy, chronic kidney disease without supervision. Drug Interactions - Anticoagulants, corticosteroids, SSRIs, diuretics, ACE inhibitors, lithium, methotrexate. Trade names - Difelene® tab, Voltaren SR® 75 tab, Voren® Inj, Dicloran® Gel, Dynapar® QPS Adult: 50 mg orally two to three times daily; maximum 150 mg/day. Modified-release forms: 75–100 mg once daily. Child: Not generally recommended unless prescribed by a specialist; dosage based on weight and indication. |
Contraindications - Severe hypotension, CNS depression, Parkinson’s disease, hepatic dysfunction, hypersensitivity to phenothiazines. Cautions - Elderly, cardiovascular disease, respiratory disorders, history of seizures, pregnancy. Avoid - Pregnancy unless essential, use in patients with severe liver dysfunction, combination with other CNS depressants. Drug Interactions - CNS depressants (e.g. alcohol, opioids), anticholinergics, antihypertensives, anticoagulants. Trade names - Atravet® tab, Aceprotabs® tab (primarily veterinary use) Adult: Rarely used in humans; veterinary doses vary by species and indication. Child: Not recommended for pediatric use in humans. |
Contraindications - Acute narrow-angle glaucoma, severe respiratory insufficiency, sleep apnea syndrome, hypersensitivity to benzodiazepines. Cautions - Elderly, renal or hepatic impairment, history of substance abuse, depression, respiratory disorders, muscle weakness. Avoid - Pregnancy, breastfeeding, chronic psychosis, respiratory depression, obesity, abrupt withdrawal after long-term use. Drug Interactions - CNS depressants (e.g. alcohol, opioids), antifungals (e.g. ketoconazole), macrolide antibiotics, HIV protease inhibitors. Trade names - Zolium® 0.5 mg tab, Xanax® tab, Alzolam® tab Adult: Initial dose 0.25–0.5 mg orally two to three times daily; may be increased gradually if needed. Max: 4 mg/day in divided doses. Child: Not recommended in children under 18 years unless specifically indicated and closely supervised. |
Contraindications - Untreated angle-closure glaucoma, severe renal impairment, history of seizures (caution). Cautions - Elderly, renal or hepatic impairment, psychiatric illness, history of heart failure or orthostatic hypotension. Avoid - Abrupt discontinuation (risk of neuroleptic malignant-like syndrome), breastfeeding (unless clearly needed). Drug Interactions - CNS stimulants, anticholinergics, antihistamines, other antiparkinsonian agents. Trade names - Symmetrel® tab/cap, Parkitidin® cap Adult: 100 mg once or twice daily; may increase to 300 mg/day if tolerated for Parkinsonism. Child: Not generally recommended under 10 years; 5–8 mg/kg/day in divided doses under specialist supervision (for antiviral use). |
Contraindications - Hypersensitivity to aminoglycosides, myasthenia gravis. Cautions - Renal impairment, elderly, dehydration, hearing impairment, concurrent use with nephrotoxic or ototoxic drugs, obesity (requires dose adjustment). Avoid - Pregnancy (unless clearly needed), prolonged use, concurrent neurotoxic or ototoxic agents. Drug Interactions - Loop diuretics, amphotericin B, cisplatin, vancomycin, other aminoglycosides. Trade names - Amikin® Inj, Bikacin® Inj, Mikasin® Inj Adult: 15 mg/kg/day IV/IM in divided doses every 8–12 hours; adjust in renal impairment. Child: 15–22.5 mg/kg/day IV/IM in 2–3 divided doses; neonates: 10 mg/kg loading, then 7.5 mg/kg every 12 hours. |
Contraindications - Hypersensitivity to any component of the formulation. Cautions - Renal impairment, hepatic dysfunction, use in patients on protein-restricted diets. Avoid - Use in patients with severe metabolic disorders unless prescribed by a physician. Trade names - AMINOVIT® Syrup, Collagen® Cap Adult: As directed, typically 10–15 mL syrup once or twice daily, or 1–2 capsules daily with meals. Child: Dose should be adjusted based on age and weight; typically 5–10 mL syrup daily. |
Contraindications - Severe sinus-node dysfunction, heart block without pacemaker, iodine hypersensitivity, thyroid dysfunction. Cautions - Elderly, electrolyte imbalance (e.g., hypokalaemia), hepatic impairment, pulmonary toxicity risk, acute porphyrias. Avoid - Pregnancy (especially during the first trimester), breastfeeding unless benefits outweigh risks. Drug Interactions - Increased risk of toxicity with digoxin, warfarin, phenytoin, beta-blockers, and other antiarrhythmics. Trade names - Cordarone® tab, Amiotone® tab, Amiodar® Inj Adult: Loading: 800–1600 mg/day orally for 1–3 weeks; maintenance: 100–400 mg/day. Child: Dosage should be determined by a pediatric cardiologist based on weight and clinical condition. |
Contraindications - Closed-angle glaucoma, dry nasal mucosa (rhinitis sicca), recent nasal surgery. Cautions - Hypertension, cardiovascular disease, diabetes mellitus, hyperthyroidism, prostatic hypertrophy, pregnancy. Avoid - Prolonged use beyond 5–7 days due to risk of rebound congestion (rhinitis medicamentosa). Drug Interactions - MAO inhibitors, tricyclic antidepressants (may enhance pressor effects). Trade names - Otrivin® nasal drop/spray, Xylorin® nasal spray, Nasivion® Adult: 0.1% solution: 1–2 drops or sprays into each nostril up to 2–3 times daily. Child: 0.05% solution for children aged 2–12 years: 1–2 drops into each nostril up to 2–3 times daily. |
Contraindications - Comatose states, CNS depression, blood dyscrasias, bone marrow suppression, hypersensitivity to phenothiazines. Cautions - Cardiovascular disease, hepatic or renal impairment, epilepsy, Parkinson’s disease, elderly, risk of neuroleptic malignant syndrome (NMS). Avoid - Use in dementia-related psychosis (increased risk of death), abrupt withdrawal after prolonged use. Drug Interactions - CNS depressants, anticholinergics, QT-prolonging agents, lithium, MAO inhibitors. Trade names - Stelazine® tab, Trifluoperazine Sandoz® tab Adult: 2–5 mg/day in divided doses, adjusted based on response; up to 15 mg/day for severe symptoms. Child: Use with caution; typically under specialist care. Usual starting dose: 1 mg twice daily (6–12 years), adjusted as needed. |
Contraindications - Hypertension, eclampsia, pre-eclampsia, first or second stage of labour, ischaemic heart disease, severe hepatic or renal impairment, sepsis. Cautions - Multiple pregnancy, malnutrition, vascular disease, history of migraine, cardiac disease, acute porphyrias. Avoid - Breastfeeding (within 12 hours of dose), use with vasoconstrictors or during labour. Drug Interactions - Other vasoconstrictors (e.g., sympathomimetics), macrolide antibiotics, protease inhibitors, triptans. Trade names - Methergine® tab, Ergotrate® Inj Adult: 0.2–0.4 mg IM or slow IV after delivery of the anterior shoulder or placenta. Oral dose: 0.2 mg 2–4 times daily for up to 1 week. Child: Not recommended for pediatric use. |
Contraindications - Acute porphyrias, hypersensitivity to barbiturates, severe respiratory depression, history of addiction to sedatives/hypnotics. Cautions - Children, elderly, debilitated patients, history of alcohol or substance abuse, hepatic or renal impairment, respiratory depression, during pregnancy (risk of fetal harm), risk of tolerance and dependence. Avoid - Use in breastfeeding unless benefits outweigh risks, abrupt withdrawal after prolonged use. Drug Interactions - CYP450 inducers/inhibitors, other CNS depressants, oral contraceptives, anticoagulants, corticosteroids, doxycycline. Trade names - Gardenal® tab, Luminal® tab/inj Adult: 60–180 mg/day orally in divided doses or as a single bedtime dose depending on indication. Child: Usual range 3–5 mg/kg/day in divided doses (adjusted by age and weight). |
Contraindications - Severe respiratory insufficiency, sleep apnea syndrome, myasthenia gravis, hepatic insufficiency, hypersensitivity to benzodiazepines. Avoid - Chronic psychosis, CNS depression, hyperkinesis, obesity, respiratory depression, phobic states, breastfeeding. Cautions - Muscle weakness, renal or hepatic impairment, elderly or debilitated patients, risk of dependence and withdrawal symptoms. Drug Interactions - Other CNS depressants (alcohol, opioids), antiepileptics, cimetidine, omeprazole, antifungals, rifampicin, theophylline. Trade names - Sedil® Inj, Valium® tab/inj, Relanium® tab/inj Adult: 2–10 mg orally 2–4 times daily depending on indication; for status epilepticus: 5–10 mg IV slowly. Child: Oral: 0.12–0.8 mg/kg/day in divided doses; IV/rectal: dose adjusted by weight and condition. |
Contraindications - Gastrointestinal hemorrhage, mechanical obstruction or perforation, pheochromocytoma, epilepsy, history of tardive dyskinesia with neuroleptics or metoclopramide. Cautions - Parkinson’s disease, renal impairment, elderly, children and young adults (risk of extrapyramidal side effects), prolonged use (>5 days). Side Effects - Drowsiness, fatigue, restlessness, extrapyramidal symptoms, tardive dyskinesia (with prolonged use), hypotension. Drug Interactions - Antipsychotics, antidepressants, opioids, digoxin, cyclosporine, levodopa, CNS depressants. Trade names - Maxomet® tab, Mesalon® Inj, Pai Meto® Inj, Metoperan® Inj, Maxalon® Inj Adult: 10 mg up to three times daily (oral, IM, or slow IV); max 30 mg/day; short-term use only. Child: 0.1–0.15 mg/kg up to three times daily; max 0.5 mg/kg/day; use only in children >1 year and for ≤5 days. |
Avoid - Children under 2 years (risk of respiratory depression), pregnancy unless necessary, breastfeeding. Cautions - Hepatic impairment, renal impairment, epilepsy, prostatic hypertrophy, pyloroduodenal obstruction, urinary retention, cardiovascular disease, angle-closure glaucoma, elderly (risk of confusion, sedation). Side effects - Drowsiness, dizziness, dry mouth, blurred vision, confusion (especially in elderly), extrapyramidal symptoms (rare). Drug Interactions - CNS depressants (e.g., opioids, sedatives), anticholinergics, monoamine oxidase inhibitors (MAOIs), alcohol. Trade names - Axcel Promethazine-5®, Phenergan® (oral), Phenergan® (rectal), Antinaus 50® (IV) Adult: 10–25 mg 2–3 times daily orally; for sedation: 25–50 mg at night. Motion sickness: 25 mg 1–2 hours before travel, then 6–8 hourly if needed. Child: 2–5 years: 5–15 mg/day in divided doses. 6–12 years: 10–25 mg/day in divided doses. Use caution and adjust per weight. |
Contraindications - Severe myocardial insufficiency, recent myocardial infarction, severe hepatic impairment, persistent myelosuppression. Cautions - Monitor cardiac function (risk of cardiotoxicity), previous anthracycline therapy, hepatic impairment, subacute intestinal obstruction, myelosuppression, extravasation risk during IV administration. Side effects - Myelosuppression, cardiotoxicity (dose-related), alopecia, nausea, vomiting, mucositis, red-colored urine (non-pathologic). Drug Interactions - Increased toxicity with cyclophosphamide, paclitaxel, and other cardiotoxic drugs; avoid live vaccines. Oncodria 50® Solution for Inj, Doxulip® Inj, Doxorubin 10® Powder for Inj, Naprodox 10® Inj, Naprodox 50® Powder for Inj Adult: Usual IV dose: 60–75 mg/m² every 21 days or 20–30 mg/m² on days 1–3 every 21 days (adjust per protocol and indication). Child: Dose based on body surface area (e.g., 25 mg/m² weekly); reduce in hepatic impairment or when combining with other myelosuppressive agents. |
Contraindications - Hypersensitivity to oxaliplatin or other platinum compounds. Cautions - Pre-existing neuropathy, renal impairment, hepatic dysfunction, bone marrow suppression, infections, avoid cold exposure (due to risk of cold-induced neuropathy). Side effects - Peripheral neuropathy, neutropenia, thrombocytopenia, anemia, nausea, vomiting, diarrhea, fatigue, allergic reactions. Drug Interactions - Enhanced toxicity with other nephrotoxic or ototoxic agents; potential interaction with anticoagulants. Belloxa 100mg Inj®, Belloxa 50mg Inj®, Xalipat-100 Inj® Adult: 130 mg/m² IV over 2 hours every 3 weeks (as monotherapy) or 85 mg/m² IV every 2 weeks (in combination with fluorouracil and folinic acid). Child: Use in children is not routinely recommended; dosing under clinical trials or specialist care only. |
Contraindications - Pregnancy, Severe hypersensitivity to paclitaxel or polyoxyl castor oil (Cremophor EL). Cautions - Use effective contraception during and for 6 months after treatment (men and women). Monitor for myelosuppression, peripheral neuropathy, and hypersensitivity reactions. Use with caution in hepatic impairment. Side effects - Neutropenia, alopecia, arthralgia, myalgia, nausea, vomiting, diarrhea, peripheral neuropathy, hypersensitivity reactions. Paclitaxel Inj®, Mitotax Inj® 5ml, Napro-Tax® (IV, Infusion), Panataxel® 100mg Solution for Inj Adult: 175 mg/m² IV over 3 hours every 3 weeks or 80 mg/m² weekly depending on indication and protocol. Child: Not routinely recommended; use only in clinical trials or specialized pediatric oncology settings. |
Dosage - Oral: 8 mg every 12 hours or as directed by physician. Ondansetron 4 mg/8 mg tab®, Emeset tab®, Onda Syrup®, Zofran tab®, Inj® Adult: 4–8 mg orally/IV every 8–12 hours as needed depending on indication. Child: 0.1–0.15 mg/kg IV (max 8 mg) every 8–12 hours depending on age and indication. |
Contraindications - Narrow-angle glaucoma, Non-anaphylactic shock, Use during labor (may delay second stage), Hypersensitivity (unless in life-threatening situation). Cautions - Arteriosclerosis, Arrhythmias, Cerebrovascular disease, Diabetes mellitus, Elderly, Hypercalcaemia, Hyperthyroidism, Hypokalaemia, Ischaemic heart disease, Obstructive cardiomyopathy, Occlusive vascular disease, Phaeochromocytoma, Prostate disorders, Psychoneurosis, Severe angina, Susceptibility to angle-closure glaucoma. Trade Names - Adrenaline Inj:®, Epipen Auto-Injector®, Adrena Tab® Dose - Adult : Anaphylaxis: 0.3–0.5 mg IM every 5–15 min as needed; Cardiac arrest: 1 mg IV/IO every 3–5 min during resuscitation. Child : Anaphylaxis: 0.01 mg/kg IM every 5–15 min as needed (max 0.3 mg/dose); Cardiac arrest: 0.01 mg/kg IV/IO every 3–5 min (max 1 mg/dose). |
Contraindications - Hypotension due to blood volume deficit (except as emergency life-saving measure), Mesenteric or peripheral vascular thrombosis. Cautions - Hypertension, Hyperthyroidism, Diabetes mellitus, Pregnancy, Elderly, Angina, Use with MAO inhibitors. Trade Names - Norad Inj:, Levophed Inj:, Norepiwin Inj: Dose - Adult : IV infusion: Start at 0.05–0.1 mcg/kg/min; usual range 2–30 mcg/min, titrated to response. Child : IV infusion: 0.05–0.1 mcg/kg/min, adjusted based on clinical condition and blood pressure. |
Contraindications - Ventricular fibrillation, Hypertrophic obstructive cardiomyopathy, Supraventricular arrhythmias associated with accessory conduction pathways (e.g. Wolff-Parkinson-White syndrome). Cautions - Electrolyte imbalance (especially hypokalemia), Renal impairment, Hypothyroidism, Elderly, Acute myocardial infarction, Recent cardioversion. Trade Names - Digitoxin tab:, Lanoxin tab: Dose - Adult : Initial oral dose: 0.75–1.5 mg in divided doses over 24 hours (digitalizing dose), then maintenance 0.125–0.25 mg once daily. Child : Oral: 0.01–0.015 mg/kg/day in divided doses (based on age and renal function). |
Contraindications - Ventricular fibrillation, Myocardial infarction (acute phase), Hypersensitivity to digitoxin or cardiac glycosides. Cautions - Hypercalcaemia, Hypokalaemia, Thyroid disease, Severe respiratory disease, Renal and hepatic impairment, Elderly. Trade Names - Digitoxin tab:®, Crystodigin® Dose - Adult : Initial: 0.6–1.2 mg orally in divided doses (digitalizing dose), Maintenance: 0.05–0.3 mg once daily. Child : Digitalizing dose: 0.02–0.05 mg/kg/day orally in divided doses; Maintenance: 20–40% of total digitalizing dose daily. |
Contraindications - Epilepsy, severe hypertension, pre-eclampsia or eclampsia, mechanical obstruction of the airways, cerebrovascular accidents (stroke), coronary artery disease, status asthmaticus, cerebral edema, hyperthyroidism. Cautions - Use with caution in neonates, elderly, patients with impaired renal or hepatic function, or those with cardiac arrhythmias. Avoid - Avoid in patients with known convulsive disorders, cerebral edema, or recent myocardial infarction. Trade Names - Dopram Injection®, Respiram® Drug Interactions - May interact with monoamine oxidase inhibitors (MAOIs), anesthetic agents (potentiating arrhythmias), sympathomimetics (increased risk of hypertension and arrhythmias). Adult Dose - Initially 1–2 mg/kg IV over 30 seconds. May repeat every 5 minutes as needed. Maximum total dose: 4 mg/kg or 400 mg/day. Child Dose - 0.5–1 mg/kg IV slowly; may repeat once if needed. Not recommended for neonates due to potential for intracranial hemorrhage and seizures. |
Contraindications - Hypersensitivity to hydrogen peroxide. Avoid ingestion due to risk of gas embolism or gastrointestinal injury. Do not use in deep wounds, body cavities, or surgical incisions. Cautions - Avoid prolonged or excessive use on mucous membranes or open wounds; risk of tissue irritation or delayed healing. Use caution in patients with respiratory conditions if inhaled. Avoid - Do not swallow. Avoid contact with eyes. Not for internal use unless specifically prescribed. Trade Names - Peroxyl® (Oral Rinse), Hydrox® 3% Solution Drug Interactions - No major drug interactions, but can deactivate some topical agents or interact with organic substances to produce foam and oxygen gas. Adult Dose - For oral hygiene: Dilute 3% solution (usually half strength with water); rinse mouth for up to 1 minute up to 4 times daily. For wound cleansing: Apply directly or via soaked gauze 1–3 times/day. Child Dose - Use with caution. For children over 6 years, same oral rinse instructions as adults with supervision. Avoid use in young children due to swallowing risk. |
Contraindications - Hypersensitivity to atropine, Narrow-angle glaucoma, Tachycardia due to cardiac insufficiency, Myasthenia gravis (except when used to reduce muscarinic side effects of anticholinesterases), Severe ulcerative colitis. Avoid - Obstructive uropathy, Prostatic hypertrophy, Paralytic ileus, Ulcerative colitis, Elderly with cognitive decline. Cautions - Children (high sensitivity), Elderly, Hepatic or renal impairment, Hyperthyroidism, Hypertension. Trade Names - Atropine Sulphate Inj®, AtroPen® (auto-injector) Drug Interactions - May increase anticholinergic effects when used with antihistamines, tricyclic antidepressants, MAO inhibitors, and other anticholinergic drugs. Reduced effect of pilocarpine. May alter absorption of other drugs due to reduced GI motility. Adult Dose - Organophosphate poisoning: 1–2 mg IV every 5–15 minutes until muscarinic symptoms subside. Bradycardia: 0.5–1 mg IV every 3–5 minutes (maximum total dose 3 mg). Pre-anaesthetic: 0.3–0.6 mg IM or IV 30–60 minutes before anaesthesia. Child Dose - Organophosphate poisoning: 0.02 mg/kg IV every 5–10 minutes until symptoms resolve. Bradycardia: 0.01–0.02 mg/kg IV every 5 minutes (maximum single dose 0.5 mg).) |
Contraindications - Hypersensitivity to acetylcysteine or any component of the formulation. Avoid - Nebulization in patients with active bronchospasm without bronchodilator pre-treatment. Cautions - History of peptic ulcer, Asthma, Hepatic impairment, Elderly. Trade Names - Acetylcysteine Inj: 200 mg/ml®, Actein®, Musol Tab®, Spalung Granules®, Muclear Tab®, Mucoclean Cap® Drug Interactions - Activated charcoal may reduce efficacy when used concurrently; may enhance hypotensive effects of nitroglycerin; avoid mixing with certain antibiotics in nebulizer. Adult Dose - Paracetamol overdose (IV): 150 mg/kg over 1 hr, then 50 mg/kg over 4 hr, then 100 mg/kg over 16 hr (total 300 mg/kg over 21 hr). Mucolytic (oral): 600 mg once daily or 200 mg two to three times daily. Child Dose - Paracetamol overdose (IV): Same as adult protocol; adjust fluid volume based on weight. Mucolytic (oral): 10–15 mg/kg/day in two to three divided doses. |
Cautions - Heart failure associated with hypertrophic cardiomyopathy, stenotic or obstructive valvular disease, or other cardiac outlet stenosis and obstruction. Side effects - Headache, hypotension, insomnia, arrhythmias. Trade Names - tab:®, Cap:® Drug Interactions - Increased risk of arrhythmia when used with other inotropes or drugs that prolong QT interval. Use caution with diuretics or antihypertensives (may enhance hypotensive effect). Contraindications - Severe aortic or pulmonic valvular disease, obstructive cardiomyopathy, known hypersensitivity. Adult Dose - Initially 0.5–1 mg/kg IV over 10 minutes, then maintenance dose of 500 mcg/kg every 30 minutes or continuous infusion based on response. Child Dose - Not routinely recommended; if used, specialist supervision required.) |
Contraindications - Intestinal obstruction, Intestinal atony, Acute dysentery with blood and high fever, Pseudomembranous colitis, Antibiotic-associated colitis. Avoid - Ulcerative colitis, Urinary retention, Children under 2 years. Cautions - Hepatic impairment, Elderly, Dehydration, History of drug abuse or overdose. Trade Names - Dicotil tab®, Amerol tab®, Holdamide tab®, Eldoper®, Imodium®, Lormide cap® Drug Interactions - Increased CNS depression with opioid analgesics. May interact with saquinavir (↓ saquinavir levels). Risk of constipation with anticholinergics. Adult Dose - Initially 4 mg orally, then 2 mg after each loose stool (maximum 16 mg/day). Child Dose - 6–8 years: 2 mg twice daily; 8–12 years: 2 mg three times daily (max 6 mg/day). Not recommended for children under 6 years.) |
Contraindications - Severe myelosuppression, Hypersensitivity to platinum compounds, Pregnancy, Breastfeeding. Avoid - Pregnancy, Breastfeeding, Severe bone marrow suppression. Cautions - Renal impairment, Myelosuppression, Ototoxicity, Elderly, Monitor blood counts and renal function. Trade Names - Paraplatin® Inj: (Specialist use only) Drug Interactions - Additive nephrotoxicity and ototoxicity with aminoglycosides and other nephrotoxic agents. Enhanced myelosuppression with other cytotoxic drugs. Adult Dose - Dose calculated using Calvert formula: Dose (mg) = AUC × (GFR + 25). AUC typically ranges from 4 to 6 depending on indication. Child Dose - Administered under specialist supervision only, dosage individualized based on body surface area and renal function.) |
Contraindications - Active peptic ulceration. Avoid - Use in patients with active GI bleeding or ulceration. Cautions - History of peptic ulcer, Monitor for gastrointestinal bleeding, Elderly. Trade Names - Mucodyne® cap, syrup Drug Interactions - May interact with antitussives (reduces mucolytic effectiveness), monitor if combined with other expectorants. Adult Dose - 750 mg three times daily, reduced to 500 mg three times daily once a response is obtained. Child Dose - 2–5 years: 100 mg three times daily (syrup) 5–12 years: 250 mg three times daily (syrup) |
Contraindications - Hypersensitivity to tamoxifen, Pregnancy, History of thromboembolic disease (DVT, PE), Concurrent warfarin therapy in patients with breast cancer. Avoid - Pregnancy, History of deep vein thrombosis or pulmonary embolism (unless benefits outweigh risks). Cautions - Hepatic impairment, Risk of endometrial cancer, Visual disturbances, Periodic gynaecological assessments recommended. Trade Names - Nolvadex®, generic (Specialist use may be required depending on indication) Drug Interactions - May reduce effect of anticoagulants like warfarin. Interacts with CYP2D6 inhibitors (e.g., paroxetine, fluoxetine), reducing efficacy. Caution with SSRIs. Adult Dose - 20 mg once daily. Child Dose - Not recommended unless under specialist supervision). |
Contraindications - Hypersensitivity to framycetin or other aminoglycosides. Avoid - Use with caution in patients with known aminoglycoside sensitivity. Cautions - Avoid contact with the middle ear if the tympanic membrane is perforated. Use cautiously in renal impairment when systemic absorption is possible. Trade Names - Soframycin eye drop®, Sofradect eye drop®, Soframycin skin cream® Drug Interactions - No significant systemic interactions when used topically. Adult Dose - Apply as eye drops or skin cream as directed by physician. Child Dose - Apply as eye drops or skin cream as directed by physician). |
Contraindications - Hypersensitivity to azithromycin or other macrolides, History of cholestatic jaundice/hepatic dysfunction associated with prior use. Avoid - Use in patients with severe hepatic impairment or significant renal impairment without dose adjustment. Cautions - Pregnancy, Breastfeeding, Hepatic impairment, Renal impairment, Prolonged QT interval, Myasthenia gravis. Trade Names - Azimil-Kid 100 mg tab®, ALIMAX 250 mg Film-Coated tab®, Tridosil 500 mg tab® Drug Interactions - Increased risk of QT prolongation with other QT-prolonging agents (e.g., amiodarone), Antacids may reduce absorption (separate doses by 1–2 hours), May increase levels of digoxin and cyclosporine. Adult Dose - 500 mg once daily for 3 days or 500 mg on day 1, then 250 mg once daily for 4 days (respiratory infections). Child Dose - 10 mg/kg once daily for 3 days (e.g., otitis media, pneumonia), or 20 mg/kg as a single dose for uncomplicated genital infections). |
Contraindications - Hypersensitivity to bleomycin, Pulmonary fibrosis, Severe pulmonary impairment. Avoid - Concomitant oxygen therapy, especially at high concentrations (due to risk of pulmonary toxicity). Cautions - Elderly, Renal impairment, Pre-existing lung disease, Monitor pulmonary function during treatment. Trade Names - Bleon® Powder for Injection (Specialist use only) Drug Interactions - Increased risk of pulmonary toxicity with oxygen therapy and other chemotherapeutic agents; reduced renal clearance with nephrotoxic drugs (e.g., cisplatin). Adult Dose - Usual dose: 10–20 units/m² IV, IM, or SC twice weekly (max cumulative dose ~400 units to reduce risk of lung toxicity). Child Dose - Dosing varies by protocol; typically 5–10 units/m² per dose; specialist supervision required). |
Contraindications - Hypersensitivity to macrolides, History of QT prolongation or ventricular arrhythmia, Concomitant use with drugs metabolized by CYP3A4 (e.g., ergotamine, cisapride), Severe hepatic impairment. Avoid - Pregnancy (unless benefit outweighs risk), Breastfeeding, Severe renal or hepatic impairment. Cautions - Mild-to-moderate renal or hepatic dysfunction, Elderly, Risk of QT prolongation, Myasthenia gravis. Trade Names - Clafax 250 mg tab®, Clari tab®, Clarifast 250 mg film-coated tab® Drug Interactions - Inhibits CYP3A4: may increase levels of statins, carbamazepine, warfarin, theophylline, digoxin. Risk of QT prolongation with other QT-prolonging drugs. Adult Dose - 250–500 mg twice daily for 5–14 days depending on infection; for H. pylori: 500 mg twice daily with other antibiotics and PPI for 7–14 days. Child Dose - 7.5 mg/kg twice daily (max 500 mg twice daily) for up to 10 days depending on infection). |
Contraindications - Hypersensitivity to aminoglycosides, Myasthenia gravis, Pregnant women (risk of fetal ototoxicity), Pre-existing hearing loss. Avoid - Pregnancy unless life-threatening indication, Prolonged use in renal impairment. Cautions - Renal impairment, Elderly, Neuromuscular disorders (e.g., Parkinson’s disease), Concurrent use of ototoxic or nephrotoxic drugs. Trade Names - Streptomycin Inj® Drug Interactions - Increased risk of ototoxicity or nephrotoxicity with loop diuretics, vancomycin, amphotericin B, cisplatin. Neuromuscular blockade potentiated by anaesthetics and muscle relaxants. Adult Dose - 15 mg/kg daily (usually 0.75–1 g) IM, max 1 g/day; dose may be reduced in renal impairment. Child Dose - 20–40 mg/kg/day IM as a single dose or divided (max 1 g/day). |
Contraindications - Hypersensitivity to capreomycin, Pre-existing significant hearing loss. Avoid - Breastfeeding, Concurrent use of other ototoxic or nephrotoxic drugs. Cautions - Renal impairment, Elderly, Hearing impairment, Electrolyte disturbances (e.g., hypokalemia, hypomagnesemia), Monitor renal and auditory function during therapy. Trade Names - Capastat® Sulfate Inj Drug Interactions - Increased risk of ototoxicity and nephrotoxicity with aminoglycosides, loop diuretics, amphotericin B, and other nephrotoxic drugs. Adult Dose - 15 mg/kg (usually 0.75–1 g) IM once daily; reduce frequency in renal impairment. Child Dose - 15–30 mg/kg/day IM once daily (max 1 g/day); adjust in renal impairment). |
Contraindications - Hypersensitivity to cycloserine, Epilepsy, Severe depression or anxiety, History of psychosis, Alcoholism. Avoid - Depression, Epilepsy, Severe anxiety, Alcohol use. Cautions - Renal impairment, Psychiatric history, Monitor serum drug levels in renal dysfunction, Perform regular neuropsychiatric evaluations. Trade Names - Cycloserine Cap® Drug Interactions - May increase CNS toxicity when used with isoniazid or alcohol. Use with caution alongside other neurotoxic drugs. Adult Dose - 250–500 mg orally twice daily (max: 1 g/day), adjusted in renal impairment. Child Dose - 10–20 mg/kg/day in 2 divided doses (max: 1 g/day), specialist supervision advised). |
Contraindications - Hypersensitivity to clindamycin or lincomycin, History of antibiotic-associated colitis. Avoid - History of diarrheal states (e.g., pseudomembranous colitis), Use with caution in elderly women. Cautions - Hepatic or renal impairment, History of gastrointestinal disease, Elderly, Neonates. Trade Names - Climycin cream®, Tidact Cap® Drug Interactions - May enhance effects of neuromuscular blockers. Antagonistic interaction with erythromycin. Monitor with other hepatotoxic drugs. Adult Dose - 150–450 mg orally every 6 hours. Severe infections: up to 600 mg IV/IM every 6–8 hours. Child Dose - 8–25 mg/kg/day orally in 3–4 divided doses (max: 1.8 g/day), depending on severity of infection). |
Contraindications - Hypersensitivity to dactinomycin, Existing severe infection, Recent or ongoing radiotherapy (due to risk of increased toxicity). Avoid - Live vaccines during treatment, Breastfeeding, Concurrent radiotherapy (unless carefully monitored). Cautions - Bone marrow suppression, Hepatic or renal impairment, Avoid extravasation (vesicant), Immunosuppressed patients. Trade Names - Cosmegen® (injectable form) Drug Interactions - Increased risk of toxicity with concurrent radiotherapy. Avoid with other bone marrow suppressant agents unless necessary. Adult Dose - Generally used in combination chemotherapy regimens; dose individualized based on protocol and body surface area. Child Dose - 250–1500 mcg/m² IV every 1–3 weeks, depending on treatment protocol and indication (specialist supervision required). |
Contraindications - Hypersensitivity to erythromycin, Acute porphyria. Avoid - In acute porphyria, Hepatic impairment, Severe renal impairment. Cautions - QT prolongation risk, Myasthenia gravis, Moderate hepatic or renal dysfunction, Elderly patients, Drug interactions via CYP3A4. Trade Names - RYTHRO-250 tab®, Trinpac Gel 10g/15g®, Eryko-250 Tab®, MAC Powder for Suspension® Drug Interactions - May increase plasma levels of theophylline, carbamazepine, warfarin, and digoxin. Risk of QT prolongation with other QT-prolonging agents (e.g., cisapride, pimozide). Avoid strong CYP3A4 inhibitors or inducers. Adult Dose - 250–500 mg every 6 hours, or 500 mg–1 g every 12 hours, depending on infection. Child Dose - 30–50 mg/kg/day in divided doses every 6–12 hours (oral), dose depends on infection and formulation. Note: Take with food to reduce gastrointestinal discomfort. |
Contraindications - Hypersensitivity to fosfomycin or any component of the formulation. Avoid - In patients with severe renal impairment (unless dose is adjusted), Hypersensitivity to fosfomycin. Cautions - Renal impairment, Sodium-restricted diets (IV formulation contains sodium), Monitor liver and renal function during prolonged use. Trade Names - Monurol® (granules), Urofos® sachet, Fosfocina® IV Drug Interactions - May reduce absorption of other oral medications if taken concomitantly; separate administration by at least 2 hours. Use with metoclopramide may reduce urinary concentrations. Adult Dose - Uncomplicated UTI (oral): 3 g as a single dose (sachet, dissolved in water). Complicated infections (IV): 12–16 g/day in 2–3 divided doses. Child Dose - IV (complicated infections): 100–300 mg/kg/day in divided doses every 8 hours (specialist supervision recommended). |
Contraindications - Hypersensitivity to gentamicin or other aminoglycosides. Avoid - In patients with neuromuscular disorders (e.g., myasthenia gravis), Severe renal impairment unless monitored closely. Cautions - Renal impairment, Elderly, Neonates, Prolonged use increases risk of ototoxicity and nephrotoxicity, Monitor drug levels and renal function. Trade Names - Gentamycin Eye Drops®, Gentamycin Ear Drops® Drug Interactions - Increased risk of nephrotoxicity with loop diuretics, amphotericin B, or other nephrotoxic drugs. May enhance neuromuscular blockade with muscle relaxants. Adult Dose - Systemic infections: 3–5 mg/kg/day IV/IM in divided doses every 8 hours. Topical (eye/ear): 1–2 drops every 4–6 hours. Child Dose - Neonates: 2.5 mg/kg every 12 hours. Children: 2–2.5 mg/kg every 8 hours IV/IM (adjust based on infection severity and renal function). |
Contraindications - Hypersensitivity to tobramycin or other aminoglycosides. Cautions - Renal impairment, Elderly, Neuromuscular disorders (e.g., myasthenia gravis), Monitor serum drug levels and renal function regularly. Trade Names - Gentob Eye Drops®, Tobcol-Dex Eye Drops®, Tobramycin Eye Drops® Drug Interactions - Increased risk of nephrotoxicity and ototoxicity when used with other nephrotoxic agents (e.g., loop diuretics, amphotericin B). Enhanced neuromuscular blockade when used with muscle relaxants. Adult Dose - Systemic infections: 3–5 mg/kg/day IV/IM in divided doses every 8 hours. Ophthalmic (eye drops): 1–2 drops every 4–6 hours (may increase to every 2 hours for severe infections). Child Dose - Neonates: 2.5 mg/kg every 12 hours IV/IM. Children: 2–2.5 mg/kg every 8 hours IV/IM (adjust according to renal function and severity). |
Contraindications - Hypersensitivity to aminoglycosides. Cautions - Renal impairment, Elderly, Neuromuscular disorders (e.g., myasthenia gravis), Concurrent use with nephrotoxic or ototoxic drugs. Monitor renal function and serum drug levels. Trade Names - Netromycin Inj® Drug Interactions - Increased risk of nephrotoxicity with other nephrotoxic agents (e.g., vancomycin, amphotericin B). Risk of ototoxicity. Neuromuscular blockade risk when combined with muscle relaxants. Adult Dose - 4–6 mg/kg/day IV/IM in 2–3 divided doses. Child Dose - 6–7.5 mg/kg/day IV/IM in 2–3 divided doses. |
Contraindications - Hypersensitivity to aminoglycosides. Cautions - Renal impairment, Elderly, Neuromuscular disorders, Ototoxicity risk. Monitor renal function and hearing. Trade Names - Pai Kana Inj® Drug Interactions - Increased nephrotoxicity with other nephrotoxic drugs (e.g., amphotericin B, vancomycin). Enhanced neuromuscular blockade with muscle relaxants. Adult Dose - 15 mg/kg/day IM/IV in 1–2 divided doses. Child Dose - 15–30 mg/kg/day IM/IV in 2 divided doses. |
Contraindications - Hypersensitivity to lincomycin or clindamycin. Cautions - History of gastrointestinal disease, especially colitis. Use cautiously in hepatic/renal impairment. Trade Names - LINCOLECIN 500 mg Cap®, Lincocin Cap®, Lincomycin 500 mg Cap®, PADLINCOCAPS BP 500 mg Cap® Drug Interactions - Antagonistic with erythromycin. Enhances effects of neuromuscular blocking agents. Adult Dose - 500 mg every 6–8 hours orally or IM. Child Dose - 30–60 mg/kg/day in 3–4 divided doses orally or IM. |
Contraindications - Hypersensitivity to budesonide or components of formulation. Cautions - Tuberculosis, infections, hepatic impairment, prolonged use may cause adrenal suppression. Trade Names - Budesonide®, Budesonide + Formoterol®, Formonide® Drug Interactions - CYP3A4 inhibitors (e.g., ketoconazole) may increase systemic exposure. Monitor with other corticosteroids. Adult Dose - Oral: 9 mg once daily (Crohn’s); Inhalation: 200–800 mcg daily in divided doses (asthma). Child Dose - Varies by indication. Inhalation: 100–800 mcg/day in divided doses (asthma). |
Contraindications - Hypersensitivity to beclomethasone, Active untreated infections, Systemic fungal infections. Avoid - Use with caution in active tuberculosis, untreated infections, ocular herpes simplex. Cautions - Hepatic impairment, Immunosuppression, Recent live vaccines, Children (growth monitoring). Trade Names - Inhaler: Beclazone®, Qvar®, Clenil®; Tab: Beclomethasone dipropionate tablets Drug Interactions - May increase effects of systemic corticosteroids; CYP3A4 inhibitors (e.g., ketoconazole) may increase plasma levels. Adult Dose - Inhaler: 100-400 mcg twice daily; Ulcerative colitis: 5 mg rectal foam or enema daily. Child Dose - Inhaler: 100-200 mcg twice daily; Use lowest effective dose and monitor growth. |
Contraindications - Hypersensitivity to tetracyclines, pregnancy, children under 8 years. Cautions - Alcohol dependence, Renal impairment. Avoid - Use in pregnancy and children under 8 years. Side Effects - Dyspnea, hypotension, peripheral edema, tachycardia. Trade Names - Doxacil®, Microdox® Drug Interactions -Antacids, iron, oral contraceptives, warfarin, retinoids. Adult Dose - Initially oral 200 mg daily for 1 dose, then maintenance 100 mg once daily for 5 days, take with plenty of water, not with meals. Child Dose - Not specified.aaaaa |
Natapro Ophthalmic Suspension, Eye Drop. Adult : Child: |
Intestinal obstruction, Myasthenia gravis, Pregnancy, Hepatic impairment, Renal impairment . Mybacin Lozenges, Neopac cream:®, Betason - N Eye, Ear, Nasal Drops, Neocin poedwder, Itrodex Eye, Ear, Nasal Drops Adult : Child: |
Rocin tab:, Roxitem-300 Film Coated tab: Adult : Child: |
Tinobicin Powder for Inj:(IM) Adult : Child: |
i.v Inject within 30 minutes after viper bite. tab:®, Cap:® Adult : Child: |
tab:®, Cap:® (Specialist use only) Adult : Child: |
Mepron, Atovaquone Avoid - Pregnancy, Breast feeding, Hepatic impairment, Renal impairment . tab:®, Cap:® Adult : Child: |
tab:®, Cap:® Adult : Child: |
Azoran 50 tab:, IMURAN tab:s Adult : Child: |
Hypersensitivity, Pregnancy Cautions - Hepatic impairment, Renal impairment . tab:®, Cap:® Adult : Child: |
Avoid - Do not use with Parasympathomimetic drugs, Intestinal obstruction, Urinary obstruction, Bradycardia, Hypotension, Peptic ulcer, Pregnancy, Breast-feeding, Recent myocardial infarction tab:®, Cap:® Adult : Child: |
Avoid - Do not use with Parasympathomimetic drugs, Intestinal obstruction, Urinary obstruction, Bradycardia, Hypotension, Peptic ulcer, Pregnancy, Breast-feeding, Recent myocardial infarction tab:®, Cap:® Adult : Child: |
Avoid - Pregnancy, Breast feeding)Hepatic impairment, Renal impairment . tab:®, Cap:® Adult : Child: |
tab:®, Cap:® Adult : Child: |
Avoie(Pregnancy, Breast feeding), Hepatic impairment, Renal impairment , Acute porphyrias. tab:®, Cap:® Adult : Child: |
Avoid - Pregnancy, Breast feeding, Renal impairment., Hepatic impairment. tab:®, Cap:® Adult : Child: |
Product information still unavailable. Cautions - in pregnancyy, Breast feeding, Hepatic impairment, Renal impairment . tab:®, Cap:® Adult : Child: |
Avoid - Intestinal obstruction, Acute abdominal condition. Bicolax-5 tab:®, Dulcolax 5mg tab:®, BISACODYL 5mg tab:®, Delax tab:® Adult : Child: |
tab:®, Cap:® Adult : Child: |
Bipinor-5 tab: |
Intradermal or transdermal inj: Avoid - Renal impairment. Cautions - Hepatic impairment. tab:®, Cap:® Adult : Child: |
tab:®, Cap:® Adult : Child: |
tab:®, Cap:® Adult : Child: |
tab:®, Cap:® Adult : Child: |
Oral 500 micrograms once daily tab:®, Cap:® Adult : Child: |
tab:®, Cap:® Adult : Child: |
Avoid - Acute porphyrias. Cautions - Cardiac disease, Hepatic impairment, Renal impairment , Pregnancy, Breast feeding. Carbamazepine tab:®, Tegretol 200 tab:, Carbatol - 200 tab: Adult : Child: |
Low blood PTH, Low blood calcium, Low blood magnesium, High blood phosphorus. tab:®, Cap:® Adult : Child: |
High PTH, High blood calcium. tab:®, Cap:® Adult : Child: |
High blood thyroxine hormone (TH), Nonexistent of blood thyroid-stimulating hormone (TSH) tab:®, Cap:® Adult : Child: |
High level TSH and a low level T4 mean underactive thyroid. tab:®, Cap:® Adult : Child: |
tab:®, Cap:® Adult : Child: |
tab:®, Cap:® Adult : Child: |
tab:®, Cap:® Adult : Child: |
Pregnancy, Breast feeding tab:®, Cap:® Adult : Child: |
Blucef-250 DT tab:, Cefalexin 250mg Cap:, Oriphex 250 Cap:, Ceplin 125 Powder for Oral Suspension, Sanceph -500 Cap:, Sporidex 250 Cap:, Sporidex Suspension 60 ml, Oriphex 500 Cap:, Cefacure 500 mg Cap:, Lexipac 250 Cap: Adult : Child: |
Avoid - Breast feeding unless essential. Cautions - Renal impairment. Side effects - Acute kidney injury, drug fever, dyspnea, face edema, genital pruritus, jaundice. CEFIMIC 100mg tab:Afix Powder for Oral Suspension® Adult : 200-400mg daily. Child: 100-200mg daily. |
tab:®, Cap:® Adult : Child: |
tab:®, Cap:® Adult : Child: |
Oral 250mg 4 times a day Cautions - Renal impairment. tab:®, Cap:® Adult : Child: |
Oral 750mg every 12 hour, Axcel Cefaclor, Soficlor Avoid - Penicillin sensitivity, Renal impairment. tab:®, Cap:® Adult : Child: |
Oral 125mg once daily Cautions - Renal impairment. tab:®, Cap:® Adult : Child: |
Avoid - Cancer, Cardiac failure, Acute infecious disease. Cautions - Tuberculosis, Viral hepatitis, Herpes infection. tab:®, Cap:® Adult : Child: |
tab:®, Cap:® Adult : Child: |
Leukeran tab:®, Cap:® Adult : Child: |
Avoid - Chronic psychosis, Hyperkinesis, Obesity, Respiratory depression, Phobic states, Breast feeding. Cautions - Muscle weakness, Organic brain changes, Hepatic impairment, Renal impairment . tab:®, Cap:® Adult : Child: |
Prozine tab:®, Cap:® Adult : Child: |
tab:®, Cap:® Adult : Child: |
tab:®, Cap:® Adult : Child: |
tab:®, Cap:® Adult : Child: |
tab:®, Cap:® Adult : Child: |
tab:®, Cap:® Adult : Child: |
Anaemia, Cardiac disease, Pulmonary disease. tab:®, Cap:® Adult : Child: |
Hemapo inj, Eprex 2000 Inj: Adult : Child: |
Avoid - Breast feeding. Cautions - Hepatic impairment. tab:®, Cap:® Adult : Child: |
Desferal (Pro) tab:®, Cap:® Adult : Child: |
tab:®, Cap:® Adult : Child: |
tab:®, Cap:® Adult : Child: |
tab:®, Cap:® Adult : Child: |
tab:®, Cap:® Adult : Child: |
Cautions - Cardiovascular disease. tab:®, Cap:® Adult : Child: |
tab:®, Cap:® Adult : Child: |
Diphenhydramine tab:®, Axcel Flemin Expectorant.:®, Cap:® Adult : Child: |
Not effective against hepatic amoebiasis. tab:®, Cap:® Adult : Child: |
Avoid - in pregnancy, Breast feeding. TINITAB-N Adult : Child: |
tab:®, Cap:® Adult : Child: |
tab:®, Cap:® Adult : Child: |
NORGESIC tab:®, Suniton tab:®(Paracetamole+Orphenadrine), Cap:® Adult : Child: |
tab:®, Cap:® Adult : Child: |
tab:®, Cap:® Adult : Child: |
Avoid - Severe heart failure, Bundle-branch block, Renal impairment. Cautions - Heart failure, Myasthenia gavis, Elderly, Prostatic enlargement, Hepatic impairment. tab:®, Cap:® Adult : Child: |
Oral 120 mg for 1 dose Avoid - Children under 12years, Intestinal obstruction. Cautions - Pregnancy, Breast feeding. tab:®, Cap:® Adult : Child: |
Cautions - Hyperthyroidism, Hypertension, Correct hupovolaemia, Loe dose in acute myocardial infarction. SYNDOPA 250mg tab:® Adult : Child: |
SYNDOPA 250mg tab:® Adult : Child: |
Avoid - hypertension. Cautions - Cirrhosis, Diabetes mellitus, Elderly, Myocardial infarction, Hyperthyroidism, Mesenteric vascular thrombosis, Hypovolaemia. tab:®, Cap:® Adult : Child: |
Oral 75 mg daily in divided doses, Apply Cream up to 3 g 3–4 times a day Avoid - Acute porphyrias, Arrhythmias, During manic phase of bipolar disorder, heart block, immediate recovery period after myocardial infarction. tab:®, Cap:® Adult : Child: |
Renal impairment, Systemic lupus erythematosus, Check hepatotoxicity in long-term treatment. tab:®, Cap:® Adult : Child: |
Renal impairment, Hepatic impairment. tab:®, Cap:® Adult : Child: |
Chlorsol Cap:®, Spimetryl Cap:® Adult : Child: |
Indications - complicated skin and soft tissue infections, intra-abdominal infections and community-acquired bacterial pneumonia. tab:®, Cap:® Adult : Child: |
Indications - Complicated Intra-abdominal Infections (cIAIs) such as Escherichia coli, Klebsiella pneumoniae and Enterococcus faecalis. Complicated Urinary Tract Infections (cUTIs) caused by susceptible bacteria, including Escherichia coli and Enterococcus faecalis. Skin and Soft Tissue Infections such as Staphylococcus aureus and Streptococcus pyogenes. Community-acquired bacterial pneumonia caused by susceptible pathogens. tab:®, Cap:® Adult : Child: |
Indications - Moderate to severe acne vulgaris. tab:®, Cap:® Adult : Child: |
Indications - . tab:®, Cap:® Adult : Child: |
Contraindications - Glaucoma, severe ulcerative colitis, Obstructive uropathy, Myasthenia gravis, severe hepatic impairment. Side effects - Dry mouth, Blurred vision, Constipation, Urinary retention, Dizziness, Drowsiness, Nausea, Difficult urination, Confusion, Increased heart rate. Spasmo Cibalgin tab:®, Cap:® Adult: Child: |
Avoid - in first few weeks after delivery tab:®, Cap:® Adult : Child: |
Avoid - excessive prolong use Cautions - Diabetes mellitus, Elderly, Hypertension, Hyperthyroidism, Ischaemic heart disease. tab:®, Cap:® Adult : Child: |
Oral 400 units daily Cautions - Ensure correct dose in infants. tab:®, Cap:® Adult : Child: |
CNS disordersElderly, Pregnancy, Breast feeding, Renal impairment. tab:®, Cap:® Adult : Child: |
Avoid - Active arterial thromboembolic disease (e.g. angina or myocardial infarction), Active thrombophlebitism, History of breast cancer, History of recurrent venous thromboembolism, Oestrogen-dependent cancer, History of Angina or Myocardial infarction, Undiagnosed vaginal bleeding, Untreated endometrial hyperplasia, Venous thromboembolism. tab:®, Cap:® Adult : Child: |
Contraindications - Optic neuritis, Poor vision. Cautions - Elderly, Young children. Avoid - breast feeding, renal impairment. Side effects - hyperuricaemia, nerve disorders, visual impairment. tab:®, Cap:® Adult : 30mg/kg 3 times a week for 2 months. Child: 30mg/kg 3 times a week for 2 months. |
tab:®, Cap:® Adult : Child: |
Chloromycetin, Optomycin Eye Drops, Parnicol - 1g Inj:, Sinpole, Optaphenicol 1 % Eye Ointment, Optaphenicol 0.5 % Eye Drops. tab:®, Cap:® Adult : Child: |
tab:®, Cap:® Adult : Child: |
Avoid - Pregnancy, Breast feeding. Famocid 20 tab:, Famopsin 40 tab:, Famotidine tab:s, FAMO TACK tab: Adult : Child: |
By slow i.v, Durogesic (patch) tab:®, Cap:® Adult : Child: |
Ferrous Sulphate & Folic acid tab:, Fervita syrup |
Oralcon - F tab:, Fesozinc tab:, Dofervit Cap: Adult : Child: |
No product available right now. tab:®, Cap:® Adult : Child: |
Daflon 500mg tab: tab:®, Cap:® Adult : Child: |
Blood disorders, Renal impairment, Pregnancy Avoid - in Breast feeding tab:®, Cap:® Adult : Child: |
Oral 100–400 micrograms daily. tab:®, Cap:® Adult : Child: |
Romazicon (Pro) tab:®, Cap:® Adult : Child: |
Usually Intravenous use. tab:®, Cap:® Adult : Child: |
Avoid - Breast feeding. Cautions - Hepatic impairment. Fluoxetine 20 mg Cap:®, PROZAC Cap:® Adult : Oral 20mg once daily. Child: |
Avoid - Breast feeding. Cautions - Hepatic impairment, Renal impairment . tab:®, Cap:® Adult : Child: |
Antizol (Pro)Cap:® Adult : Child: |
tab:®, Cap:® Adult : Child: |
Furomide 500mg tab:, Fusid Inj: 2ml, Lasix tab:, Lasix inj: Adult : Child: |
Avoid - Acute porphyrias, Pregnancy, Hepatic impairment, Renal impairment . Flucona-Denk 150 Cap:, Difluvid Cap:, Fukole Cap:, Fluconazol Stada 150 mg Cap:, Alonazole Inj: Adult : Child: |
Folic Acid tab: Should never be given alone for pernicious anaemia. tab:®, Cap:® Adult : Child: |
Insulin Glargine inj:, Lantus SoloStar inj:. tab:®, Cap:® Adult : Child: |
Glip-5 tab:(5mg). tab:®, Cap:® Adult : Child: |
tab:®, Cap:® Adult : Child: |
tab:®, Cap:® Adult : Child: |
Oral (0.5–1.5 g daily in divided doses). tab:®, Cap:® Adult : Child: |
Metformin Stada 850mg tab:, Ziglip-M tab:, Metaxy tab: Adult : Child: |
Oral 60 mg 3 times a day Use with metformin when metformin alone inadequate. tab:®, Cap:® Adult : Child: |
tab:®, Cap:® Adult : Child: |
Avoid - pregnancy and Breast feeding, Renal impairmen. Orgalutran inj: (Initiate under specialist supervision) Adult : Child: |
Robinul tab:®, , Avert tab:®, Cuvposa tab:®,Robinul Inj:® Glycopyrrolate Inj:®, Cuvposa oral Solution:® Adult : Child: |
tab:®, Cap:® Adult : Child: |
Altarussin, Ascoril Expectorant:®, Cap:® Adult : Child: |
Respira Liquid (Oral), Cadiphen Expectorant.®, Cap:® Adult : Child: |
tab:®, Cap:® Adult : Child: |
Avoid - Acute porphyrias, Severe tachycardia. Cautions - Pregnancy, Breast feeding, Hepatic impairment, Renal impairment . tab:®, Cap:® Adult : Child: |
Oral use. tab:®, Cap:® Adult : Child: |
Hypersensitivity, Use Vancomycin if Penicillin allergic. tab:®, Cap:® Adult : Child: |
Padpenici-VP tab: Neurotoxicity tab:®, Cap:® Adult : Child: |
Avoid - Bradycardia, Cardiovascular disease, Family history of sudden cardiac death. Cautions - Bladder outflow obstruction, Cardiovascular disease, Children, Decreased gastrointestinal motility, Dementia, Elderly, Epilepsy, Hypertension, Hyperthyroidism, Prostatic hypertrophy, Pyloduodenal lobstruction, Urinary retension, Stenosing peptic ulcer, Angle-closure glaucoma. tab:®, Cap:® Adult : Child: |
Oral 25 mg once daily Avoid - Arrhythmia, During the manic phase of bipolar disorder, Heart block. Cautions - Cardiovascular disease, Chronic constipation, Diabetes, epilepsy, history of bipolar disorder, history of psychosis, hyperthyroidism. tab:®, Cap:® Adult : Child: |
Indications - Mutiple sclerosis. Navas Interferon inj: Adult : Child: |
Inhalar Avoid - spraying near eyes, Prostatic hyperplasia, Closure glaucoma. tab:®, Cap:® Adult : Child: |
IROVEL-H 12.5mg tab::, Irbesartan-150 tab:, Irbesartan-300 tab: Adult : Child: |
Avoid - Pregnancy of first trimester, Severe hepatic impairment, Acute renal failure. tab:®, Cap:® Adult : Child: |
Isolin tab:., Isoniazid tab:, Macox Plus Tab:, Tritab tab: Adult : Child: |
Chericof Flu Plus tab:®, Coldrid tab:®, Coldzap tab:®, Decolgen tab:®, Flemnil tab:®, Fluza tab:®, LenSen Cold tab:® Adult : Child: |
Avoid - Hypertension . severe hyperthyroidism. Cautions - Coronary disease . coronary vascular thrombosis . diabetes . elderly. tab:®, Cap:® Adult : Child: |
tab:®, Cap:® Adult : Child: |
Oral 15 mL twice daily Avoid - Intestinal obstruction, Glactosaemia. Cautions - Lactose intolerance. tab:®, Cap:® Adult : Child: |
Cautions - Acute peptic ulcer, Bowel obstruction, Ulcerative colitis. tab:®, Cap:® Adult : Child: |
tab:®, Cap:® (Specialist use only) Adult : Child: |
Evosum tab:, Levothyroxine sodium, Levosum tab:, T4 100 Montpellier Multi-scored tab:, T4 50 Montpellier, T4 100 Montpellier, T4 50 Montpellier Multi-scored tab: Adult : Child: |
Kamistad Gel Avoid - Severe myocardial depression. Cautions - Acute porphyrias, Hepatic impairment, Renal impairment , Congestive cardiac failure. tab:®, Cap:® Adult : Child: |
tab:®, Cap:® Adult : Child: |
Dose adjustment in Renal impairment. tab:®, Cap:® Adult : Child: |
Oral 120–130 mg/m2 every 6–8 weeks. tab:®, Cap:® Adult : Child: |
Avoid - Anuria . intracranial bleeding, severe cardiac failure, severe dehydration, severe pulmonary oedema. Mannitol 250ml inj: Adult : Child: |
tab:®, Cap:® Adult : Child: |
Cautions: Autoimmune disease. Side effects: Arthralgia . headaches . increased risk of infection. pain. SOMINO-sleep tab:®, Natrol Melatonin 5mg tab:®, SLEEP AID tab:® Adult : Child: |
Oral 150 micrograms/kg daily for 4 days. tab:®, Cap:® Adult : Child: |
Oral, s.c, i.m. tab:®, Cap:® Adult : Child: |
Cautions - in renal impairment. tab:®, Cap:® Adult : Child: |
tab:®, Cap:® Adult : Child: |
tab:®, Cap:® Adult : Child: |
tab:®, Cap:® Adult : Child: |
Avoid - Arrhythmia, Cardiovascular disease, Hyperthyroidism, Hypertension, Severe depression, Pregnancy, Breast feeding. Cautions - Epilepsy, Angle-closure glaucoma) tab:®, Cap:® Adult : Child: |
tab:®, Cap:® Adult : Child: |
tab:®, Cap:® Adult : Child: |
ee p-1148 tab:®, Cap:® Adult : Child: |
i.v Hypersensitivity, Bresst feeding, Renal impairment. tab:®, Cap:® Adult : Child: |
Q-PEM-Powder for Inj:, Eupen 1g Powder for Inj:( I.V/I.V Infusion), Mepran-1000 IV Powder For i.v, Infusion. Adult : Child: |
Avoid - CNS depression, Severe respiratory depression, Breast feeding. Cautions - Hepatic impairment, Renal impairment, Cardiac diseases, Children of cardiovascular impairment, Hypothermia. tab:®, Cap:® Adult : Child: |
Oral 15–30 mg daily for 2–4 weeks Cautions - Cardiac disorders, Diabetes mellitus, Elderly, Hypotension, History of bipolar depression, History of seizure, History of urinary retension, Pregnancy, Breast feeding, Hepatic impairment. tab:®, Cap:® Adult : Child: |
Avoid - Acute porphyrias. tab:®, Cap:® Adult : Child: |
Pregnancy, Breast feeding tab:®, Cap:® Adult : Child: |
Oral, s.c, i.v. tab:®, Cap:® Adult : Child: |
Revia (Pro). Avoid - Uncontrolled hypertension, Hepatic impairment, Renal impairment . Cautions - History of Mania, Hypertension. tab:®, Cap:® (Initiate under specialist supervision) Adult : Child: |
tab:®, Cap:® Adult : Child: |
Naproxen, Aleve, Soproxen tab: tab:®, Cap:® Adult : Child: |
Buscon®, Spanil tab:® Adult : Child: |
Avoid - Acute porphyrias, Infants under 3 month, Pregnancy, Breast feeding, Hepatic impairment, Renal impairment . tab:®, Cap:® Adult : Child: |
Avoid - Gout, Metabolic acedosis, Severe dehydration, Pregnancy, Hepatic impairment, Renal impairment . tab:®, Cap:® Adult : Child: |
Avoid - Pregany. Cautions - Hepatic impairment, Half dose in Renal impairment. tab:®, Cap:® Adult : Child: |
Not absorbed from the gastro-intestinal tract. Exovate N cream:® Adult : Child: |
Oral 500 mg twice daily Avoid - Pregnancy. Cautions - Renalimpairment, Breast feeding. tab:®, Cap:® Adult : Child: |
Avoid - Obesity, Respiratory depression, Hyperkinesis, Phobic states, Breast feeding. Cautions - Muscle weakness, Organic brain changes, Renal impairment. tab:®, Cap:® Adult : Child: |
Avoid - Antibiotic-associated diarrhoea, Pregnancy, Breast feeding. Cautions - Hepatic impairment, Renal impairment Avoid - Do not use in antibiotic associated diarrhea. tab:®, Cap:® Adult : Child: |
Avoid - Pregnancy, Brerast feeding. Cautions - Hepatic impairment, Cardiac disease, Atypical femoral fractures. tab:®, Cap:® Adult : Child: |
Avoid - Acute pancreatitis, Hypersensitivity to pork proteins. Cautions - Monitor for fibrosing colonopathy with high doses in children, Adequate hydration required. cap, tab: Creon®, Nutrizym®, Pancrease® Adult : Individualized dosing based on lipase units per meal/snack (e.g., 25,000–80,000 units with meals) Child: Dosing based on weight and age; typically 500–2,500 units/kg/meal |
Avoid - Bleeding disorders (caution with anticoagulants), Epilepsy (high doses may lower seizure threshold). Cautions - Monitor in patients with epilepsy, Use with caution in those taking anticoagulants. cap: Efamast®, evening primrose oil products Adult : Usually 160–240 mg daily (in divided doses), depending on product and indication Child: Doses vary; not routinely recommended without specialist advice |
tab:®, Cap:® |
tab:®, Cap:® |
Avoid - Penicillin hypersensitivity, Severe renal impairment without dose adjustment. Cautions - Monitor for allergic reactions, Caution in renal impairment, CNS effects with high doses. inj: generic (Specialist use may be required) Adult : 600,000 to 1.2 million units IM daily or as a single dose depending on indication Child: Dosed by weight and indication (e.g., 50,000 units/kg/day IM) |
Avoid - Chronic adrenal failure, Severe uncontrolled asthma, Porphyria, Pregnancy (when continuation is intended). Cautions - Bleeding disorders, Anticoagulant therapy, Cardiovascular disease, Hepatic or renal impairment. tab: Mifegyne® (Specialist use only) Adult : 200 mg orally as a single dose (for pregnancy termination, followed by misoprostol) Child: Not recommended |
Avoid - Cardiac valvulopathy, Uncontrolled hypertension, History of fibrotic disorders. Cautions - Monitor cardiac function (echocardiography), Psychiatric disorders, Impulse control disorders, Hepatic or renal impairment. tab: Celance® (withdrawn in some countries) (Specialist use only) Adult : Initially 50 micrograms daily, increased gradually; maintenance typically 0.15–1.5 mg daily in divided doses Child: Not recommended |
Avoid - Hypotension, Congestive heart failure, History of cerebrovascular accident. Cautions - Elderly, Cardiovascular disease, Monitor blood pressure closely. cap: Dibenzyline® (Specialist use only) Adult : Initially 10 mg daily, increased gradually to 20–40 mg twice daily (individualized) Child: Initial 0.2 mg/kg/day in divided doses; adjust as needed under specialist supervision |
Avoid - Mechanical obstruction of gastrointestinal or urinary tract, Peritonitis. Cautions - Bradycardia, Asthma, Epilepsy, Peptic ulcer disease, Vagotonia. tab: Prostigmin® inj: Neostigmine methylsulfate (generic) (Specialist use may be required) Adult : 0.5–2.5 mg IM/SC every 2–3 hours for myasthenia; 2.5 mg with atropine for reversal of blockade Child: Dose by weight and indication (e.g., 0.02–0.07 mg/kg IV for blockade reversal with atropine) |
Avoid - Mechanical gastrointestinal or urinary obstruction, Asthma, Bradycardia, Epilepsy. Cautions - Monitor for cholinergic crisis, Hepatic or renal impairment, Peptic ulcer, Elderly (increased sensitivity). tab: Ubretid® Adult : 5 mg once daily or on alternate days (maintenance dose) Child: Not recommended |
Avoid - Active peptic ulcer, Blood dyscrasias, Severe renal impairment. Cautions - Monitor renal function, Use with care in patients with history of peptic ulcer or renal stones. tab: Anturane® Adult : 200–400 mg twice daily after meals; maintenance 200–800 mg daily in divided doses Child: Not recommended |
Avoid - Asthma, Cardiovascular disease, Gastrointestinal or urinary tract obstruction. Cautions - Seizure risk, Bradycardia, Use with extreme caution – monitor cardiac status. inj: Antilirium® (Specialist use only) Adult : 0.5–2 mg IV slowly over at least 5 minutes; may repeat if needed Child: 0.02 mg/kg IV slowly; max single dose 0.5 mg (repeat every 10–30 min if required) |
Avoid - Active peptic ulcer, History of gastrointestinal bleeding, Severe heart failure, Severe renal or hepatic impairment. Cautions - Elderly, Hypertension, Asthma, Concurrent anticoagulant therapy, Monitor for gastrointestinal and renal adverse effects. Drug interactions - Anticoagulants, Corticosteroids, ACE inhibitors, Diuretics, Lithium, Methotrexate. tab: Feldene® Adult : 20 mg once daily Child: Not recommended |
Avoid - Severe bradycardia, Second- or third-degree AV block, Cardiogenic shock, Uncontrolled heart failure, Severe asthma. Cautions - Diabetes, Peripheral vascular disease, Myasthenia gravis, Renal or hepatic impairment. Drug interactions - Verapamil, Diltiazem, Clonidine, Amiodarone, Insulin or oral hypoglycemics, Other beta-blockers. tab: Kerlone®; eye drops: Betoptic® Adult : 10–20 mg orally once daily (systemic), 1 drop twice daily in affected eye (ophthalmic) Child: Not recommended |
Avoid - History of postural hypotension, Hypersensitivity to prazosin or related drugs. Cautions - Elderly, Heart failure, Renal impairment, Monitor for first-dose hypotension. Drug interactions - Other antihypertensives, Beta-blockers, PDE5 inhibitors (e.g. sildenafil), NSAIDs, Alcohol. tab: Minipress® Adult : Initially 0.5 mg at bedtime, then increased gradually to 1–5 mg two or three times daily Child: Not recommended |
Avoid - Pregnancy unless essential, Hypersensitivity to pregabalin. Cautions - Renal impairment, History of substance abuse, Monitor for suicidal ideation, Avoid sudden withdrawal. Drug interactions - CNS depressants (e.g. opioids, benzodiazepines, alcohol), Antihistamines, Thiazolidinediones (may increase fluid retention). cap: Lyrica® Adult : 150–600 mg daily in divided doses Child: Not recommended |
Avoid - Pregnancy, Breastfeeding, Severe hepatic or renal impairment, Bone marrow suppression. Cautions - History of seizures, Alcohol use, Elderly, Hepatic or renal impairment. Drug interactions - Alcohol (disulfiram-like reaction), MAO inhibitors, SSRIs, TCAs, Sympathomimetics, Tyramine-rich foods (risk of hypertensive crisis). cap: Natulan® (Specialist use only) Adult : Varies with regimen; e.g., 100 mg/m² daily for 14 days in MOPP Child: Dosing varies; specialist recommendation required |
Avoid - Comatose states, CNS depression, Pheochromocytoma, Children under 1 year (except in chemotherapy-induced nausea/vomiting under specialist advice). Cautions - Elderly, Parkinson’s disease, Epilepsy, Cardiovascular disease, Hepatic impairment. Drug interactions - CNS depressants (alcohol, opioids, sedatives), Antihypertensives, Anticholinergics, QT-prolonging drugs. tab, inj, buccal: Stemetil® Adult : 5–10 mg 2–3 times daily (nausea); up to 100 mg/day (psychosis) Child: 250 mcg/kg 2–3 times daily (nausea/vomiting; specialist use) |
Avoid - Allergy to soy or egg products, Pregnancy (unless essential), Breastfeeding (caution). Cautions - Elderly, Hypovolaemia, Cardiac, hepatic, or renal impairment, Raised intracranial pressure, Lipid disorders. Drug interactions - Other CNS depressants (opioids, benzodiazepines), Anaesthetic agents, Antihypertensives, Alcohol. inj: Diprivan® (Specialist use only) Adult : Induction: 1.5–2.5 mg/kg IV; Maintenance: 4–12 mg/kg/hour IV infusion Child: Specialist use; dose varies by age and indication |
Avoid - Severe renal impairment, Hyperchloraemic acidosis, Hypersensitivity to sulfonamides. Cautions - Hepatic impairment, Corneal abnormalities, Contact lens wearers (contains benzalkonium chloride). Drug interactions - Other carbonic anhydrase inhibitors (systemic effects), Salicylates, Topical beta-blockers, Antiglaucoma agents (monitor IOP). eye drops: Azopt® Adult : 1 drop in affected eye(s) twice daily Child: Not recommended under 18 years |
Avoid - Hypersensitivity to protamine (especially from fish), History of vasectomy or infertility treatment (risk of allergy). Cautions - Cardiovascular disease, Pulmonary hypertension, Diabetes (especially if using protamine-containing insulin). Drug interactions - Heparin (dose titration required), Other anticoagulants (limited efficacy), Risk of hypotension and bradycardia when combined with anaesthetics. inj: Protamine® (Specialist use only) Adult : 1 mg neutralises approx. 100 units of heparin if given within 15 minutes of heparin administration Child: Dose adjusted by weight and amount of heparin to be neutralised |
Avoid - Hypersensitivity to phytomenadione or excipients. Cautions - Severe liver disease, Risk of anaphylactoid reactions (especially with IV route), Neonates with liver impairment. Drug interactions - Vitamin K antagonists (warfarin – antagonised), Antiepileptics (may reduce vitamin K levels), Broad-spectrum antibiotics (reduce gut flora that synthesize vitamin K). inj: Konakion MM® Adult : 0.5–10 mg by slow IV injection depending on INR and bleeding status Child: Neonatal prophylaxis: 1 mg IM at birth or 2 mg orally (repeat dosing may be needed) |
Avoid - Mechanical gastrointestinal or urinary obstruction. Cautions - Asthma, Bradycardia, Epilepsy, Peptic ulcer, Arrhythmias, Recent coronary occlusion. Drug interactions - Anticholinergics (antagonise effects), Corticosteroids (dose adjustment may be needed), Beta-blockers (increased bradycardia risk), Neuromuscular blockers (enhanced or antagonised effects). tab: Mestinon® Adult : 60–120 mg 4–6 times daily (individualised based on response) Child: Dose adjusted by age and weight (specialist supervision required) |
Avoid - History of angioedema, Pregnancy, Breast feeding, Bilateral renal artery stenosis. Cautions - Renal impairment, Hypotension, Electrolyte imbalance, Hepatic impairment. Drug interactions - Potassium-sparing diuretics (↑ risk of hyperkalaemia), NSAIDs (↓ antihypertensive effect), Lithium (↑ toxicity risk), Diuretics (↑ risk of hypotension). tab: Tritace® Adult : Initial 1.25–2.5 mg once daily, adjusted up to 10 mg daily in one or two doses Child: Not recommended (off-label use may occur under specialist) |
Avoid - Pregnancy, History of angioedema, Bilateral renal artery stenosis. Cautions - Renal impairment, Hypotension, Electrolyte imbalance, Hepatic impairment. Drug interactions - Potassium-sparing diuretics (↑ risk of hyperkalaemia), NSAIDs (↓ antihypertensive effect), Lithium (↑ toxicity), Diuretics (↑ risk of hypotension). cap: Gopten® Adult : Initial 0.5–1 mg once daily, adjusted up to 2–4 mg daily Child: Not recommended |
Avoid - Pregnancy, History of angioedema, Bilateral renal artery stenosis. Cautions - Renal impairment, Electrolyte imbalance, Hepatic impairment, Hypotension. Drug interactions - Potassium-sparing diuretics (↑ hyperkalaemia risk), NSAIDs (↓ antihypertensive effect), Lithium (↑ toxicity), Diuretics (↑ risk of hypotension). tab: Accupro® Adult : Initial 5–10 mg once daily, adjusted up to 20–40 mg daily in 1–2 doses Child: Not recommended |
Avoid - Pregnancy, History of angioedema, Bilateral renal artery stenosis. Cautions - Renal impairment, Electrolyte disturbances, Hepatic impairment, Hypotension. Drug interactions - Potassium-sparing diuretics (↑ risk of hyperkalaemia), NSAIDs (↓ antihypertensive effect), Lithium (↑ toxicity), Diuretics (↑ risk of hypotension). tab: Coversyl Arginine® Adult : Initial 2.5–5 mg once daily, adjusted up to 10 mg once daily Child: Not recommended |
Avoid - Pregnancy, History of angioedema, Bilateral renal artery stenosis. Cautions - Renal impairment, Electrolyte disturbances, Hepatic impairment, Hypotension. Drug interactions - Potassium-sparing diuretics (↑ risk of hyperkalaemia), NSAIDs (↓ antihypertensive effect), Lithium (↑ toxicity), Diuretics (↑ risk of hypotension). tab: Coversyl® Adult : Initial 2–4 mg once daily, adjusted up to 8 mg once daily Child: Not recommended |
Avoid - Respiratory depression, Severe hepatic impairment (with caution), Hypersensitivity to opioids. Cautions - Bradycardia, Hypotension, Renal impairment, Elderly patients, History of substance abuse. Drug interactions - Other CNS depressants (↑ sedation/respiratory depression), MAOIs (↑ risk of serotonin syndrome), Muscle relaxants (additive effects), Volatile anaesthetics (↑ hypotensive effects). inj: Ultiva® (Specialist use only) Adult : 0.05–2 mcg/kg/min IV infusion, adjusted per anaesthetic requirement Child: Not recommended outside specialist settings |
Avoid - Hypersensitivity to rocuronium or other neuromuscular blockers. Cautions - Electrolyte imbalance, Acid-base disturbances, Myasthenia gravis, Hepatic or renal impairment. Drug interactions - Inhalational anaesthetics (↑ effect), Aminoglycosides (↑ neuromuscular block), Magnesium salts (↑ blockade), Phenytoin (↓ effect). inj: Esmeron® (Specialist use only) Adult : 0.6–1.2 mg/kg IV bolus for intubation; maintenance 0.15 mg/kg as needed or continuous infusion Child: 0.6 mg/kg IV bolus; maintenance dosing similar to adults, adjust per response |
Avoid - Known or suspected susceptibility to malignant hyperthermia, Hypersensitivity to sevoflurane or other halogenated agents, Severe liver dysfunction. Cautions - Increased intracranial pressure, Hypotension, Respiratory depression, Renal impairment (due to fluoride ions), Paediatric patients with recent upper respiratory infections. Drug interactions - Additive CNS depression with other anaesthetics or sedatives, Enhanced neuromuscular blockade with muscle relaxants, Caution with adrenergic agonists due to arrhythmia risk. inh: Sevorane® (Specialist use only) Adult : Induction: 5–8% inhaled; Maintenance: 1–4% inhaled Child: Induction: up to 8% inhaled; Maintenance: 1–3% inhaled |
Avoid - Bowel obstruction, Hypophosphataemia, Difficulty swallowing. Cautions - Gastrointestinal motility disorders, Active inflammatory bowel disease, Recent major gastrointestinal surgery. Drug interactions - May reduce absorption of ciprofloxacin, levothyroxine, ciclosporin, tacrolimus, and fat-soluble vitamins—administer at separate times. tab: Renagel® (Under specialist supervision) Adult : 800–1600 mg three times daily with meals; dose adjusted based on serum phosphate levels Child: Not recommended |
Avoid - Nitrate use, Severe hypotension, Recent stroke or myocardial infarction, Severe hepatic impairment. Cautions - Cardiovascular disease, Renal/hepatic impairment, Deformity of the penis, Bleeding disorders, Retinitis pigmentosa. Drug interactions - Potentiated by CYP3A4 inhibitors (e.g. ketoconazole, erythromycin), Risk of severe hypotension with nitrates or alpha-blockers, Enhanced effects with other antihypertensives. tab: Viagra®, Revatio® (Under specialist supervision for pulmonary hypertension) Adult : Erectile dysfunction: 50 mg once about 1 hour before sexual activity (range: 25–100 mg); max once daily. Pulmonary hypertension (specialist use): initially 20 mg 3 times daily; adjusted by specialist. |
Avoid - Obstructive bowel disease, Neonates with reduced gut motility, Hypokalaemia, History of intestinal necrosis. Cautions - Elderly, Chronic constipation, Electrolyte imbalance, Concomitant use of aluminium or magnesium antacids. Drug interactions - May bind other orally administered drugs; separate administration by at least 3 hours. powder: Kalimate®, Resonium A® Adult : 15 g 1–4 times daily orally or as enema, adjusted per serum potassium level. Child: Dosage by specialist based on body weight and condition. |
Avoid - Severe cardiac, renal, or hepatic impairment. Cautions - Monitor for pancreatitis, ECG changes (QT prolongation), electrolyte imbalance. Drug interactions - Increased risk of cardiotoxicity with other QT-prolonging agents; monitor ECG closely. inj: Pentostam® (Specialist use only) Adult : 20 mg/kg once daily IV or IM for 20–28 days (specialist dosing required). Child: Same as adult dose (based on body weight); under specialist supervision. |
Avoid - Bradycardia, Second- or third-degree AV block (without pacemaker), Congenital or acquired long QT syndrome, Uncontrolled heart failure. Cautions - Renal impairment, Electrolyte disturbances (especially hypokalaemia), Diabetes, Elderly, History of asthma or bronchospasm. Drug interactions - Other QT-prolonging drugs, Class I antiarrhythmics, Calcium channel blockers (e.g., verapamil), Digoxin. tab: Sotacor® Adult : 80–160 mg daily in 1–2 divided doses, adjusted based on response and renal function. Child: Dosing by specialist only. |
Avoid - Heart failure, Cardiogenic shock, Severe bradycardia, Significant hypotension, AV block (without pacemaker), Severe obstructive pulmonary disease. Cautions - Electrolyte imbalance, Hepatic impairment, Renal impairment, Conduction disorders. Drug interactions - Beta-blockers, Digoxin, Warfarin, CYP2D6 inhibitors, other antiarrhythmics. tab: Rythmol® (Specialist use only) Adult : 150–300 mg every 8 hours; adjust based on clinical response. Child: Not recommended except under specialist supervision. |
Avoid - Active bleeding, History of hemorrhagic stroke, Recent surgery or trauma, Severe uncontrolled hypertension, Known bleeding disorders. Cautions - Recent invasive procedures, Peptic ulcer disease, Diabetic retinopathy, Elderly. Drug interactions - Anticoagulants (e.g., warfarin, heparin), Antiplatelets (e.g., aspirin, clopidogrel), Other thrombolytics. inj: Streptase® (Specialist use only) Adult : 1.5 million units IV over 60 minutes (acute MI); dose may vary with indication. Child: Dose must be determined by a specialist. |
Avoid - Heart failure, Severe renal or hepatic impairment, Known bleeding disorders. Cautions - Risk of bleeding, Atrial or ventricular arrhythmias, Concomitant use with other antiplatelets or anticoagulants. Drug interactions - CYP3A4 and CYP2C19 inhibitors (e.g., erythromycin, omeprazole), Antiplatelets, Anticoagulants. tab: Pletal® Adult : 100 mg twice daily, at least 30 minutes before or 2 hours after meals. Child: Not recommended. |
Avoid - Pregnancy, Breast feeding, Severe renal impairment, Hypersensitivity to streptozocin. Cautions - Renal function impairment, Hepatic dysfunction, Diabetes mellitus, Myelosuppression. Drug interactions - Nephrotoxic drugs, Other cytotoxic agents, Immunosuppressants. inj: Zanosar® (Specialist use only) Adult : 500 mg/m² IV daily for 5 days every 6 weeks, or as directed by specialist protocol. Child: Not recommended. |
Avoid - Hypersensitivity to sucralfate, Intestinal obstruction. Cautions - Chronic renal impairment (risk of aluminium accumulation), Elderly patients, Difficulty swallowing (risk of bezoar formation). Drug interactions - Reduces absorption of tetracyclines, digoxin, fluoroquinolones, phenytoin – give 2 hours apart. tab/susp: Antepsin® Adult : 1 g four times daily, 1 hour before meals and at bedtime, or 2 g twice daily on an empty stomach. Child: Not routinely recommended (specialist advice required). |
Avoid - Severe respiratory depression, Acute asthma, Known hypersensitivity to opioids, Paralytic ileus. Cautions - Respiratory disorders, Elderly or debilitated patients, Hepatic or renal impairment, Concomitant CNS depressants. Drug interactions - Other CNS depressants, MAO inhibitors, CYP3A4 inhibitors may increase plasma levels. inj: Sufenta® (Specialist use only) Adult : IV 0.5–10 mcg/kg depending on procedure and anaesthetic technique. Child: Not routinely recommended (specialist setting only). |
Avoid - Chronic or active liver disease, Known hypersensitivity to terbinafine. Cautions - Renal impairment, Psoriasis or lupus (may exacerbate), Hepatic impairment. Drug interactions - CYP2D6 substrates (e.g. tricyclic antidepressants, SSRIs, beta-blockers), Rifampicin (↓ levels), Cimetidine (↑ levels). tab: Lamisil® Adult : 250 mg once daily; duration depends on infection site (2–6 weeks for skin, up to 12 weeks for nails). Child: Oral not routinely recommended; topical use under medical advice. |
Avoid - Active intravascular clotting, Disseminated intravascular coagulation (DIC) without heparin, Hypersensitivity to aminocaproic acid. Cautions - Renal impairment, Cardiovascular disease, History of thrombosis, Hypotension with rapid IV administration. Drug interactions - Combined use with factor IX complex concentrates or anti-inhibitor coagulant complex increases risk of thrombosis. inj: Amicar® Adult : 5 g IV initially, then 1–1.25 g hourly for 8 hours or until bleeding controlled. Child: 100 mg/kg IV every 6 hours (max: 30 g/day). |
Avoid - Hypersensitivity to cobalamins. Cautions - Optic nerve atrophy in Leber’s disease, Monitor for hypokalaemia during initial treatment of severe anaemia. Drug interactions - Chloramphenicol may reduce hematologic response; alcohol and neomycin can impair absorption. tab:®, inj:®, cap:® Adult : 500 mcg to 1500 mcg daily orally or via injection depending on condition. Child: Dose individualised by age and condition. |
Avoid - Liver transplant recipients, EBV-seronegative patients, Active or latent TB, Hypersensitivity. Cautions - Increased risk of infection and malignancy, Monitor for post-transplant lymphoproliferative disorder (PTLD), Neurological symptoms (PML). Drug interactions - Use with other immunosuppressants increases risk of over-immunosuppression; monitor closely. inj: Nulojix® (Under specialist supervision) Adult : 10 mg/kg IV on days 1, 5, end of weeks 2, 4, 8, and 12 post-transplant, then 5 mg/kg every 4 weeks. Child: Not recommended. |
Avoid - History of seizures, Moderate to severe renal impairment (CrCl ≤50 mL/min). Cautions - Monitor for seizure risk, Renal function before and during treatment. Drug interactions - Increased seizure risk with other drugs that lower seizure threshold; avoid with other forms of 4-aminopyridine. tab: Fampyra® (Under specialist supervision) Adult : 10 mg every 12 hours. Child: Not recommended. |
Avoid - Hypersensitivity to glatiramer acetate. Cautions - Monitor for injection site reactions and immediate post-injection reactions. Drug interactions - No significant interactions known. inj: Copaxone® (Under specialist supervision) Adult : 20 mg subcutaneously once daily or 40 mg three times weekly. Child: Not recommended. |
Avoid - Severe gastrointestinal disorders, Known hypersensitivity, Pregnancy (unless clearly necessary). Cautions - Monitor liver function, lymphocyte counts; consider GI tolerance, risk of PML (progressive multifocal leukoencephalopathy). Drug interactions - Caution with immunosuppressants or vaccines; increased risk of infections. cap: Tecfidera® (Under specialist supervision) Adult : 120 mg twice daily for 7 days, then 240 mg twice daily. Child: Not recommended. |
Avoid - Severe hepatic impairment, Immunocompromised states, Active infections, Pregnancy. Cautions - Monitor heart rate (especially after first dose), liver function, and white cell counts; risk of macular oedema. Drug interactions - Caution with antiarrhythmics, immunosuppressants, and vaccines (especially live vaccines). cap: Gilenya® (Under specialist supervision) Adult : 0.5 mg once daily. Child: Not recommended. |
Avoid - Active infections, HIV, Pregnancy, Breastfeeding. Cautions - Monitor for autoimmune conditions, infections, malignancy risk, and infusion-related reactions; premedicate as advised. Drug interactions - Immunosuppressants, vaccines (avoid live vaccines), corticosteroids (monitor closely). inj: Lemtrada® (Specialist use only) Adult : 12 mg IV daily for 5 consecutive days, then 12 mg daily for 3 consecutive days after 12 months. Child: Not recommended. |
Avoid - History of progressive multifocal leukoencephalopathy (PML), Immunocompromised state, Active serious infections. Cautions - Monitor for PML, hepatic dysfunction, and hypersensitivity reactions; screen for JC virus. Drug interactions - Other immunosuppressants, live vaccines (avoid), corticosteroids (monitor for immunosuppression). inj: Tysabri® (Specialist use only) Adult : 300 mg IV every 4 weeks. Child: Not recommended. |
Avoid - Active infections, Hepatitis B infection, Pregnancy, Breastfeeding. Cautions - Pre-screen for hepatitis B; monitor for infusion-related reactions, malignancy risk, and immunosuppression. Drug interactions - Other immunosuppressants, live vaccines (avoid), corticosteroids (monitor effects). inj: Ocrevus® (Specialist use only) Adult : 300 mg IV, then 300 mg IV 2 weeks later, followed by 600 mg IV every 6 months. Child: Not recommended. |
Avoid - Pregnancy, Severe hepatic impairment, Immunodeficiency states. Cautions - Monitor liver function, blood pressure, and blood counts; may take months to clear after discontinuation. Drug interactions - Leflunomide (same active metabolite), warfarin (INR changes), live vaccines (avoid), CYP2C8 inhibitors/inducers. tab: Aubagio® (Specialist use only) Adult : 14 mg once daily. Child: Not recommended. |
Avoid - Uncontrolled hypertension, Pregnancy, Recent major surgery. Cautions - Risk of bleeding, thromboembolism, GI perforation; monitor blood pressure and urine protein. Drug interactions - Anticoagulants (additive bleeding risk), other cytotoxic agents (enhanced toxicity), surgery (increased wound healing complications). inj: Avastin® (Specialist use only) Adult : 5–15 mg/kg IV every 2–3 weeks (depending on indication). Child: Not recommended. |
Avoid - Severe hypersensitivity, Pregnancy, Breastfeeding. Cautions - Immune-related adverse events (e.g. colitis, pneumonitis, hepatitis); premedication recommended to reduce infusion reactions. Drug interactions - Avoid live vaccines; immunosuppressants may diminish response. inj: Bavencio® (Specialist use only) Adult : 10 mg/kg IV every 2 weeks. Child: Not recommended. |
Avoid - Severe hypersensitivity to atezolizumab, Pregnancy, Breastfeeding. Cautions - Monitor for immune-related adverse reactions (e.g. pneumonitis, hepatitis, endocrinopathies), hepatic or renal impairment. Drug interactions - Immunosuppressants (may reduce efficacy), live vaccines (avoid). inj: Tecentriq® (Specialist use only) Adult : 1200 mg IV every 3 weeks. Child: Not recommended. |
Avoid - Hypersensitivity, active central nervous system (CNS) leukaemia. Cautions - Cytokine release syndrome, neurologic toxicity, infections, tumour lysis syndrome; premedicate as per protocol. Drug interactions - Immunosuppressants, live vaccines (avoid), corticosteroids. inj: Blincyto® (Initiate by a specialist) Adult : 9 mcg/day continuous IV infusion for 7 days, then 28 mcg/day for remaining 21 days (cycle = 28 days); adjusted per protocol. Child: Dosage based on body surface area; follow specialist guidance. |
Avoid - Hypersensitivity, concurrent use with bleomycin. Cautions - Peripheral neuropathy, neutropenia, infections, infusion-related reactions; monitor liver function. Drug interactions - CYP3A4 inhibitors/inducers, immunosuppressants. inj: Adcetris® (Specialist use only) Adult : 1.8 mg/kg IV every 3 weeks (max 180 mg/dose), up to 16 cycles. Child: Not routinely recommended outside specialist settings. |
Avoid - Severe hypersensitivity reactions, pulmonary fibrosis history. Cautions - Cardiac disease, electrolyte imbalance, dermatologic toxicity, infusion reactions. Drug interactions - Concomitant chemotherapy increases toxicity risk; monitor closely. inj: Erbitux® (Specialist use only) Adult : Initial dose 400 mg/m² IV, then 250 mg/m² weekly. Child: Not recommended. |
Avoid - Hypersensitivity to monoclonal antibodies. Cautions - Infusion-related reactions, neutropenia, thrombocytopenia, hepatitis B reactivation. Drug interactions - Interference with serological testing (blood typing), vaccines (avoid live vaccines). inj: Darzalex® (Specialist use only) Adult : 16 mg/kg IV weekly for 8 weeks, then every 2–4 weeks depending on regimen. Child: Not routinely used in paediatrics; consult specialist. |
Avoid - Severe allergic reactions, uncontrolled pain, history of capillary leak syndrome. Cautions - Infusion-related reactions, hypotension, pain, neurotoxicity; requires supportive care (analgesia, antihistamines, antipyretics). Drug interactions - Other immunomodulators, analgesics (enhance sedative effects). inj: Qarziba® (Specialist use only) Adult : Not applicable. Child: 10 mg/m²/day IV over 8 hours for 5 consecutive days per cycle (up to 5 cycles). |
Avoid - Active autoimmune diseases, severe immune-related adverse reactions. Cautions - Monitor for pneumonitis, hepatitis, colitis, endocrinopathies; assess for immune-related toxicity. Drug interactions - Immunosuppressants may reduce efficacy; avoid live vaccines. inj: Imfinzi® (Initiate by a specialist) Adult : 10 mg/kg IV every 2 weeks or 1500 mg every 4 weeks depending on protocol. Child: Not established. |
Avoid - Severe hypersensitivity reactions. Cautions - Infusion reactions, infections, hepatic impairment; requires premedication. Drug interactions - Immunosuppressants; monitor for additive effects on immune function. inj: Empliciti® (Specialist use only) Adult : 10 mg/kg IV weekly for 2 cycles, then every 2 weeks. Child: Not recommended. |
Avoid - Hypersensitivity to calicheamicin or severe hepatic disease. Cautions - Hepatotoxicity (including veno-occlusive disease), myelosuppression, infusion reactions. Drug interactions - Myelosuppressive agents, hepatotoxic drugs; avoid live vaccines. inj: Mylotarg® (Specialist use only) Adult : 3 mg/m² IV on days 1, 4, and 7 of induction (up to 5 cycles with consolidation). Child: Dosing varies by protocol; consult specialist guidelines. |
Avoid - Severe hepatic impairment, prior veno-occlusive disease post-transplant. Cautions - Monitor liver function, QT prolongation, infusion reactions, and myelosuppression. Drug interactions - Hepatotoxic or myelosuppressive agents; avoid live vaccines. inj: Besponsa® (Under expert supervision) Adult : 1.8 mg/m² per cycle IV in divided doses on days 1, 8, and 15 of a 21–28 day cycle. Child: Not routinely recommended—refer to specialist protocol. |
Avoid - Severe immune-mediated reactions, active autoimmune disease. Cautions - Monitor for colitis, hepatitis, endocrinopathies, and skin reactions. Drug interactions - Immunosuppressants (may reduce efficacy), corticosteroids (use only if necessary). inj: Yervoy® (Specialist use only) Adult : 3 mg/kg IV every 3 weeks for 4 doses (monotherapy); combination protocols may vary. Child: Dosing by specialist; not generally first-line in paediatrics. |
Avoid - Hypersensitivity to monoclonal antibodies, severe electrolyte disturbances. Cautions - Monitor for infusion reactions, electrolyte imbalances (especially hypomagnesemia), thromboembolism. Drug interactions - Cisplatin, other EGFR-targeting therapies; monitor QT interval. inj: Portrazza® (Specialist use only) Adult : 800 mg IV on days 1 and 8 of each 3-week cycle (with chemotherapy). Child: Not recommended. |
Avoid - Active severe autoimmune diseases, pregnancy unless benefits outweigh risks. Cautions - Monitor for immune-related adverse events (e.g., pneumonitis, colitis, hepatitis, endocrinopathies). Drug interactions - Immunosuppressants (may decrease efficacy), live vaccines (avoid). inj: Opdivo® (Specialist use only) Adult : 240 mg IV every 2 weeks or 480 mg every 4 weeks (depending on indication). Child: Use in paediatrics is specialist-directed—refer to paediatric oncology protocols. |
Avoid - Hypersensitivity to olaratumab or excipients. Cautions - Monitor for infusion reactions; may require premedication. Drug interactions - Limited data; use caution with concurrent cytotoxic agents. inj: Lartruvo® (Specialist use only) Adult : 15 mg/kg IV on days 1 and 8 of a 21-day cycle (with doxorubicin). Child: Safety and efficacy not established. |
Avoid - KRAS-mutant colorectal cancer, severe hypersensitivity. Cautions - Dermatologic toxicity, electrolyte disturbances, pulmonary toxicity. Drug interactions - Avoid live vaccines; caution with nephrotoxic agents (due to risk of hypomagnesemia). inj: Vectibix® (Specialist use only) Adult : 6 mg/kg IV every 2 weeks. Child: Not recommended. |
Avoid - Active autoimmune disease requiring systemic therapy. Cautions - Monitor for immune-related adverse events (e.g., pneumonitis, colitis). Drug interactions - Avoid live vaccines; caution with immunosuppressants. inj: Keytruda® (Specialist use only) Adult : 200 mg IV every 3 weeks or 400 mg every 6 weeks (depending on indication). Child: Specialist-directed dosing for paediatric cancers (e.g., Hodgkin lymphoma). |
Avoid - Hypersensitivity, pregnancy. Cautions - Monitor cardiac function; increased cardiotoxicity with trastuzumab. Drug interactions - Trastuzumab, anthracyclines (cardiotoxic risk). inj: Perjeta® (Specialist use only) Adult : Initial dose 840 mg IV, then 420 mg IV every 3 weeks. Child: Not recommended. |
Avoid - Uncontrolled hypertension, recent arterial thromboembolic events. Cautions - Monitor for bleeding, GI perforation, hypertension, and proteinuria. Drug interactions - Antihypertensives, anticoagulants (bleeding risk). inj: Cyramza® (Specialist use only) Adult : 8 mg/kg IV every 2 weeks (with paclitaxel) or as monotherapy. Child: Not established. |
Avoid - Severe hepatic impairment. Cautions - Monitor for depression, hepatic function, constipation. Drug interactions - SSRIs, MAOIs, opioids (increased serotonergic or constipating effects). tab: Xermelo® (Specialist use only) Adult : 250 mg orally three times daily. Child: Not recommended. |
Avoid - Hypersensitivity to bendamustine, recent severe infections. Cautions - Bone marrow suppression, infection risk, monitor renal/hepatic function. Drug interactions - Live vaccines, myelosuppressants. inj: Ribomustin® (Specialist use only) Adult : Usual dose 100 mg/m² IV on days 1 and 2 of a 28-day cycle (indication-specific). Child: Not recommended. |
Avoid - Hypersensitivity to carmustine or ethanol, recent infection. Cautions - Pulmonary toxicity, bone marrow suppression, delayed myelosuppression. Drug interactions - Other cytotoxic drugs, radiation therapy (increased toxicity). inj: BiCNU® (Specialist use only) Adult : Usual dose 150–200 mg/m² IV every 6–8 weeks. Child: Dose adjusted based on BSA and indication; specialist-directed. |
Avoid - Severe cardiac disease, thrombophlebitis, estrogen-dependent tumors. Cautions - Monitor for thromboembolic events, gynecomastia, fluid retention. Drug interactions - Warfarin, calcium supplements, antacids (may reduce absorption). cap: Emcyt® Adult : 140 mg/m² orally 3–4 times daily. Child: Not recommended. |
Avoid - Severe bone marrow suppression, urinary tract obstruction. Cautions - Neurotoxicity, hemorrhagic cystitis (give with mesna), renal/hepatic impairment. Drug interactions - Other cytotoxics, nephrotoxic drugs, CYP inducers/inhibitors. inj: Holoxan® Adult : Usual dose 1.2–2.4 g/m² IV daily for 5 days every 3–4 weeks (with mesna). Child: Dose per protocol and BSA (specialist use). |
Avoid - Severe myelosuppression, active infections. Cautions - Myelosuppression, GI toxicity, fertility effects. Drug interactions - Concurrent immunosuppressants or chemotherapy. tab: Ovastat® Adult : 600 mg orally twice daily for 28 days in a 56-day cycle (adjust per protocol). Child: Specialist-directed dosing for conditioning. |
Avoid - Advanced hepatic cancer, hypersensitivity to azacitidine. Cautions - Bone marrow suppression, renal/hepatic dysfunction, monitor blood counts. Drug interactions - Live vaccines, nephrotoxic drugs (monitor closely). inj: Vidaza® Adult : 75 mg/m² SC or IV daily for 7 days every 28 days. Child: Not established; specialist use only. |
Avoid - Severe renal impairment, uncontrolled infections. Cautions - Monitor for capillary leak syndrome, hepatotoxicity, and myelosuppression. Drug interactions - Other myelosuppressive agents. inj: Evoltra® Adult : Not routinely used; consult specialist. Child: 52 mg/m² IV once daily for 5 days (specialist use only). |
Avoid - Hypersensitivity, advanced hepatic impairment. Cautions - Bone marrow suppression, infections, renal/hepatic dysfunction. Drug interactions - Live vaccines, immunosuppressants. inj: Dacogen® Adult : 20 mg/m² IV over 1 hour daily for 5 days every 4 weeks. Child: Not established; use under specialist supervision only. |
Avoid - Severe renal impairment, active infections. Cautions - Myelosuppression, autoimmune effects, neurotoxicity. Drug interactions - Pentostatin (contraindicated), cytotoxic drugs. inj: Fludara® Adult : 25 mg/m² IV once daily for 5 days (cycle every 28 days). Child: Not routinely recommended; specialist protocol required. |
Avoid - Severe renal impairment, known hypersensitivity. Cautions - Neurotoxicity (dose-limiting), myelosuppression. Drug interactions - Other neurotoxic or cytotoxic agents. inj: Arranon® Adult : 1,500 mg/m² IV on days 1, 3, and 5 every 21 days. Child: 650 mg/m² IV daily for 5 days (under expert supervision). |
tab:®, Cap:® (Specialist use only) Adult : 35 mg/m² orally twice daily on days 1–5 and 8–12 of each 28-day cycle. Child: Safety and efficacy not established. |
Axylim-1 tab: tab:®, Cap:® Adult : Initially 1–2 mg once daily with breakfast; max 6 mg/day. Child: Not recommended (limited data). |
Oral treatment. tab:®, Cap:® Adult : 2 mg/kg/day orally; dosage individualized. Child: 2–3 mg/kg/day orally under specialist guidance. |
Avoid - Acute porphyrias, Myotonic dystrophy. Cautions - Acute circulatory failure or shock, Cardiovascular diseases, Elderly, Hypovolaemia, During delivery in pregnant women, Hepatic impairment. tab:®, Cap:® Adult : 100–250 mg IV for induction (adjust based on response). Child: 2–7 mg/kg IV (individualized per clinical context). |
(IV) infusion tab:®, Cap:® Adult : 15 mg/m² IV every 12 hours for 3 days (total 90 mg/m²). Child: Dose adjusted by body surface area, usually similar to adult dosing. |
Oral 200 mg Avoid - Active GI bleeding, Gastric ulcer. tab:®, Cap:® Adult : 200 mg orally as a single dose during migraine attack. Child: Not routinely recommended or dosage not established. |
Avoid - Arrhythmia, During manic phase of bipolar disorder, Pregnancy. Cautions - Cardiovascular disease, Chronic constipation, Diabetes, Epilepsy, Hyperthyroidism, Urinary retention, Hepatic impairment, Renal impairment, History of bipolar disorder, History of psychosis. tab:®, Cap:® Adult : Starting 150 mg daily in divided doses; max 400 mg/day. Child: Use with caution; no established pediatric dose. |
Contraindications - Severe liver impairment, Severe kidney impairment, During pregnancy, Breastfeeding. NEWBUTIN tab:® Adult : 200 mg three times daily before meals. Child: Not routinely recommended or dosage not established. |
Renal impairment, Pregnancy, Breastfeeding Avoid - Do not use in blood dyscrasias. tab:®, Cap:® Adult : 200 mg twice daily for infections, 100 mg once daily for prophylaxis. Child: 4 mg/kg twice daily (adjusted by weight). |
ENCORATE Avoid - Acute porphyrias, Family history of hepatic dysfunction. Cautions - Systemic lupus erythematosus, Contraception must be done during treatment. tab:®, Cap:® Adult : Initial 250 mg twice daily, maintenance 1000-2000 mg/day in divided doses. Child: 10-15 mg/kg/day initially, may increase to 60 mg/kg/day. |
Oxetol, Oxcarbazepine, Kusapin Avoid - Acute porphyrias, Cardiac disorders, Heart failure, Hyponatraemia. Cautions - Hepatic impairment, Renal impairment, Pregnancy, Breastfeeding. tab:®, Cap:® Adult : Starting 300 mg twice daily, up to 1200-2400 mg/day. Child: Initial 8-10 mg/kg/day, max 60 mg/kg/day. |
Cautions - Heart failure, Hypertension, Asthma, Renal impairment, Pregnancy, Elderly. Desmopressin inj: Adult : 10 mcg intranasally once daily; IV 1-4 mcg/day in divided doses. Child: 5-10 mcg intranasally once daily. |
Avoid - Pregnancy, Breastfeeding. Cautions - Arrhythmia, Elderly, Heart disease, Respiratory disease, Hypertension, Electrolyte disturbance, Heart failure, Asthma, Renal impairment. Glypressin inj: Adult : 1–2 mg IV every 4–6 hours; max 8 mg/day. Child: Safety and dose not well established; use under specialist supervision. |
Vasopten-40 tab: tab:®, Cap:® Adult : 80–120 mg three times daily, max 480 mg/day. Child: Not routinely recommended; limited pediatric dosing. |
Cautions - Handling precautions, Pregnancy, Breastfeeding. inj:® Adult : 3–6 mg/m² IV once weekly. Child: 3–6 mg/m² IV once weekly; dose adjusted by body surface area. |
Avoid - Acute porphyrias, Breastfeeding, Pregnancy. Effective contraception required during treatment. Avoid excessive sunlight exposure, Bradycardia, Pancreatitis, Symptomatic arrhythmias, Hepatic impairment. tab:®, Cap:® Adult : Loading dose 400 mg every 12 hours for 2 doses, then 200 mg every 12 hours. Child: Loading dose 9 mg/kg every 12 hours for 2 doses, then 8 mg/kg every 12 hours. |
0.8–1 mg/kg every 4 hours (IV). Retrovir tab:®, Cap:® Adult : 600 mg/day in 2–3 divided doses orally, or 1–2 mg/kg every 4 hours IV. Child: 180–240 mg/m² every 6–8 hours orally or 120 mg/m² IV every 6 hours. |
Avoid - Breastfeeding, Hepatic impairment. Cautions - Renal impairment, Pregnancy, Elderly, Metabolic acidosis. Zonegran tab:®, Cap:® Adult : Start with 100 mg/day, increase by 100 mg every 2 weeks; usual dose 300–500 mg/day. Child: Start with 1–2 mg/kg/day; may increase to 8 mg/kg/day in 1–2 divided doses. |
Oral 1–2 g 4 times a day. Cautions - Hepatic impairment, Renal impairment, History of asthma, History of allergy, Risk of hepatic toxicity. Salazopyrin tab:®, Cap:® Adult : Initial 1–2 g/day in divided doses; maintenance 500 mg 4 times a day. Child: 40–60 mg/kg/day in 3–6 divided doses. |
Avoid - Penicillin allergy, Severe hypersensitivity reactions, Neonates with hyperbilirubinemia. Cautions - Asthma, Renal impairment, Seizure disorders, History of cephalosporin allergy (cross-reactivity possible), Pregnancy (use only if clearly needed). Penidure LA inj: Adult : 1.2–2.4 million units IM single dose or weekly as needed. Child: 600,000 to 1.2 million units IM depending on age and condition. |
Avoid - Megaloblastic anaemia due to folate deficiency, Severe renal or hepatic impairment, Sulfonamide hypersensitivity, Neonates. Cautions - G6PD deficiency, Elderly, Renal impairment, HIV infection, Allergic reactions, Pregnancy. Navatrim syrup (100 ml), Padsmzco tab, Oriprim DS Tab: Adult : 800 mg sulfamethoxazole + 160 mg trimethoprim every 12 hours. Child: Based on body weight: 40 mg/kg/day sulfamethoxazole + 8 mg/kg/day trimethoprim in two divided doses. |
Avoid - Use in animals with known hypersensitivity to sarolaner. Cautions - Use in breeding, pregnant or lactating animals has not been evaluated. Simparica tab: Adult : Veterinary use only – dosage depends on animal weight. Child: Not applicable. |
Avoid - Children under 15 kg body weight, Pregnancy (unless benefit outweighs risk), Meningitis, Hypersensitivity. Cautions - Severe hepatic impairment, Elderly, Co-infection with Loa loa (may lead to encephalopathy), Monitor CNS effects. Vermectin tab, Ivermectin inj: Adult : 150–200 mcg/kg as a single dose; may repeat depending on condition. Child: Same dosing (150–200 mcg/kg) if ≥15 kg; use with caution. |
Avoid - Use in cats, Hypersensitivity to amitraz. Cautions - Avoid ingestion or contact with eyes and mucous membranes; use gloves when handling; avoid use on sick or debilitated animals. Aludex, Preventic®, Certifect®, Mitaban® Adult : Veterinary topical application — dosage varies per product and animal weight. Child: Not applicable (veterinary use). |
Avoid - Liver disease, Urea cycle disorders, History of pancreatitis. Cautions - Pregnancy (teratogenic risk), Hepatic impairment, Elderly, Bleeding disorders. Dicorate ER 250 tab: Adult : Initial 250–500 mg/day in divided doses; titrate as needed. Child: 15 mg/kg/day in divided doses; adjust based on clinical response. |
Avoid - Hypersensitivity to pyrantel. Cautions - Use with caution in liver dysfunction; possible GI upset. tab:®, Cap:® Adult : 11 mg/kg (max 1 g) single dose orally. Child: Same dose (11 mg/kg) for children ≥6 months. |
Avoid - Ocular cysticercosis, Hypersensitivity, Severe hepatic impairment. Cautions - Epilepsy, Cardiac arrhythmias, Pregnancy (use only if clearly needed), Breastfeeding (avoid nursing for 72 hours post-dose). Praziquantel 150 mg tab, Praziquantel 500 mg tab Adult : 5–75 mg/kg/day depending on infection type, in divided doses. Child: Same dosing per kg as adults. |
Avoid - Blood disorders, Pregnancy, Hepatic impairment, Epilepsy, Sjogren's syndrome. Cautions - Use with caution in patients with impaired renal function, history of seizures. Trade names - Ketrax tab:, Levamisole tab: Adult : Single oral dose of 150 mg. Child: 2.5 mg/kg orally as a single dose. |
Avoid - Hypersensitivity to mupirocin or excipients, Nasal formulations in children under 1 year. Cautions - Avoid prolonged use to prevent resistance; not for ophthalmic use. Trade names - Supirocin ointment, Supirocin cream, Supirocin gel Adult : Apply topically 2–3 times daily for up to 10 days. Child: Same as adult dosage if over 1 year; under medical supervision. |
Avoid - Hypersensitivity to tolnaftate. Cautions - For external use only; avoid contact with eyes or mucous membranes. Trade names - ALBER-T ointment®, Ezon-T 10ml solution® Adult : Apply topically 1–2 times daily for 2–4 weeks. Child: Same as adult under supervision; safety in very young children not established. |
Avoid - Hypersensitivity to clotrimazole or formulation components. Cautions - Reduce intravaginal dose in pregnancy; external use only for otic and dermal forms. Trade names - Gentalene-C cream®, Mecloderm-BN cream®, SKDERM cream, Candid Ear Drop, Candid (15ml) lotion Adult : Apply 2–3 times daily to affected area. Child: As directed by a physician, depending on formulation. |
Avoid - Use in systemic infections unless no alternatives; oral form not first-line for fungal infections. Cautions - Risk of fatal hepatotoxicity; liver function should be monitored. Trade names - Ketoz cream®, SKINEAL cream®, Diazon Cream 5 gm, NINAZOL tab®, Ketovid Shampoo 2% w/w, Dezor Shampoo (Specialist use only) Adult : Dosage depends on formulation and indication. Child: Use only under medical supervision. |
Avoid - Rapid IV infusion; hypersensitivity to amphotericin. Cautions - Perform a test dose due to risk of anaphylaxis. Monitor renal and hepatic function regularly. Side effects - Anemia, appetite loss, chills, diarrhea, dyspnea, fever, headache, hepatic dysfunction (discontinue if severe). Trade names - Amphonex Lyophilized Powder for Inj® Adult : Usually 0.25–1 mg/kg/day IV depending on formulation. Child: Dosage adjusted per body weight and infection severity. |
Avoid - Neonates with hyperbilirubinemia, Concurrent IV calcium in neonates. Cautions - Pregnancy, Renal impairment, History of hypersensitivity to beta-lactam antibiotics. Trade names - TY-Oxone 1g Powder for Inj:, Oframax TZ inj:, Becef inj:, Ceftima inj:, Ceftriax inj: Adult : 1–2 g IV/IM once daily or in 2 divided doses (max 4 g/day). Child: 50–75 mg/kg/day IV/IM in 1 or 2 divided doses (max 2 g/day). |
Avoid - Bleeding disorders, Use with anticoagulants. Cautions - Gastrointestinal ulcers, Liver dysfunction, History of bleeding disorders. Trade names - VISERAM 10mg tab:®, MEDIMOS tab:, Septase tab:® Adult : 10–20 mg 2–3 times daily, preferably on an empty stomach. Child: Not well established; use under medical supervision. |
Avoid - Bleeding disorders, Pregnancy, Before surgery. Cautions - Concomitant use with anticoagulants/antiplatelets; may increase bleeding risk. Trade names - Senin tab: Adult : 120–240 mg daily in divided doses. Child: Safety and efficacy not established. |
Avoid - History of hepatic dysfunction associated with previous clavulanic acid use. Cautions - Hepatic impairment, Monitor liver function with prolonged use. Trade names - Sanmox Powder for Oral Adult : Varies depending on combination antibiotic (e.g., 500/125 mg amoxicillin-clavulanate every 8 hours). Child: Dosed according to amoxicillin component, typically 20–40 mg/kg/day in divided doses. |
Avoid - Hypersensitivity to polyphenols (rare). Cautions - Use with caution in patients with bleeding disorders or those taking anticoagulants. Trade names - Pileum tab: Adult : Typically 75–150 mg daily in divided doses (based on supplement formulation). Child: Not established; consult physician before use. |
Avoid - Severe CNS depression, Parkinson’s disease, Hypersensitivity to risperidone. Cautions - Renal/hepatic impairment, Cardiovascular disease, Elderly (increased mortality risk), Risk of extrapyramidal symptoms. Trade names - Rispond-2 tab: Adult : 2–4 mg/day initially; maintenance 4–6 mg/day (max 16 mg/day). Child: 0.5–3 mg/day depending on condition and weight (consult specialist). |
Avoid - Patients with congestive heart failure, Concomitant use with drugs metabolized by CYP3A4 (e.g., quinidine, cisapride). Cautions - Liver disease, Renal impairment, Requires monitoring of hepatic function during long-term use. Trade names - Itraconazole cap: Adult : 100–200 mg once or twice daily depending on indication. Child: 5 mg/kg/day in divided doses (specialist supervision required). |
Avoid - Acute porphyrias, Pregnancy, Breastfeeding, Hepatic impairment. Effective contraception is required during treatment due to teratogenicity. Cautions - Photosensitivity; monitor liver function in long-term use. Trade names - Fulcin 500mg tab:, Griseofulvin 125mg tab:, Grisovin 250mg tab: Adult : 500 mg–1 g daily in single or divided doses, preferably after meals. Child: 10–20 mg/kg/day in single or divided doses. |
Avoid - Known hypersensitivity to omeprazole or other PPIs. Cautions - Long-term use may increase fracture risk, monitor for hypomagnesemia. Trade names - Asmozol-20 cap:, Omez:, Omeprone:, Omel:, Omeprazole: Adult : 20–40 mg once daily, usually before meals. Child: 0.7–3.5 mg/kg/day depending on age and indication. |
Avoid - Breastfeeding. Cautions - Hepatic impairment, Renal impairment, Long-term use may cause B12 deficiency. Trade names - Sompraz tab:, Esomep 40 tab:, Esoswift 40 tab: Adult : 20–40 mg once daily. Child: 10–20 mg once daily depending on age and weight. |
Avoid - Known allergy to cephalosporins. Cautions - Renal impairment, History of colitis. Trade names - Omnicef Cap: Adult : 300 mg every 12 hours or 600 mg once daily for 5–10 days. Child: 14 mg/kg/day in 1 or 2 doses (max 600 mg/day). |
Cautions - Renal impairment, essential mineral depletion. Trade names - Calcium Diso, Cap: Adult : 1 g every 8–12 hours IV/IM for 5 days (max 3 g/day). Child: 50–75 mg/kg/day IV/IM in divided doses for 5 days (max 1 g/day). |
Avoid - Bowel obstruction, hypokalemia. Cautions - Electrolyte disturbances, fecal impaction (especially in children or elderly). Trade names - K+Lock Powder sachet, Cap: Adult : 15 g 1–4 times daily orally or rectally. Child: 1 g/kg daily orally or rectally in divided doses. |
Avoid - Hypercalcemia, digitalis toxicity. Cautions - Monitor calcium-phosphate product to prevent calcification. Trade names - tab:, Cap: Adult : 1334 mg with each meal, titrate to serum phosphate levels. Child: Dosage not routinely established; individualize under specialist guidance. |
Avoid - Hypercalcemia, digitalis therapy. Cautions - Extravasation may cause tissue necrosis; use central line if possible for IV. Trade names - tab:, Cap: Adult : 10–20 mL of 10% solution IV slowly over 10 min. Child: 0.5 mL/kg of 10% solution IV slowly (max 10 mL). |
Avoid - Gastrointestinal ulcer, bleeding, severe heart failure, pregnancy (3rd trimester), renal impairment. Cautions - Elderly, coagulation disorders, cardiovascular risks, hepatic impairment. Trade names - tab:, Cap: Adult : 50–100 mg 2–3 times daily with food. Max 300 mg/day. Child: Not typically recommended; consult pediatric dosing references if needed. |
Avoid - GI ulcers and bleeding, heart failure, pregnancy (3rd trimester), renal impairment. Cautions - Breastfeeding, hepatic impairment, allergic disorders, epilepsy, porphyria, hypertension, ulcerative colitis. Trade names - Asmef-500 caplet®, Dolarac 250mg tab®, Alfoxan 500 tab:, Meftal 500 tab: Adult : 500 mg 3 times daily, initially 500 mg, then 250 mg every 6 hours if needed. Child: 6 months–12 years: 25 mg/kg/day in divided doses every 8 hours (max 500 mg per dose). |
Avoid - Active GI ulcer/bleed, heart failure, renal impairment, pregnancy (3rd trimester). Cautions - Allergic disorders, elderly, heart disease, ulcerative colitis, hepatic impairment, breastfeeding. Trade names - Naproxen, Aleve, Soproxen tab:, Cap: Adult : 250–500 mg twice daily; max 1,000 mg/day. Child: 5 mg/kg/dose twice daily (juvenile arthritis); max 15 mg/kg/day or 1,000 mg/day. |
Avoid - Active GI ulcer/bleeding, heart failure, renal impairment, pregnancy (3rd trimester). Cautions - Elderly, allergic disorders, hepatic impairment, ulcerative colitis, hypertension, breastfeeding. Trade names - Mexicam tab:, Melogesic 7.5 tab:, Nelocam-15 tab:, Nelocam-7.5 tab: Adult : 7.5–15 mg once daily; max 15 mg/day. Child: ≥2 years (JIA): 0.125 mg/kg once daily; max 7.5 mg/day. |
Avoid - Renal impairment, Pregnancy, Breast feeding. Cautions - Epilepsy. Trade names - CERTEC tab:, Cetihis tab:, Cetiriz tab:, Cetirizine HCl tab: Adult : 10 mg once daily. Child: 2–6 years: 2.5 mg once or twice daily; 6–12 years: 5 mg twice daily or 10 mg once daily. |
Avoid - Acute porphyrias, Pregnancy. Cautions - Renal impairment, elderly, CNS depression. Trade names - Levorex tab:, Lecet-5 tab: Adult : 5 mg once daily in the evening. Child: 6 months–5 years: 1.25 mg twice daily; 6–12 years: 2.5 mg twice daily or 5 mg once daily. |
Avoid - Untreated infections, active tuberculosis, hypersensitivity. Cautions - Use lowest effective dose, monitor growth in children, risk of adrenal suppression. Trade names - FLONASPRAY Inhalation powder Adult : 100–250 mcg twice daily via inhalation or as prescribed. Child: 50–100 mcg twice daily; dosage based on age and severity. |
Trade names - Burmeton tab:, Burmeton inj:, Epilan Syrup: Adult : 4 mg orally every 4–6 hours; max 24 mg/day. Child: 2–6 years: 1 mg every 4–6 hours; 6–12 years: 2 mg every 4–6 hours. |
Trade names - Gliclashin 80mg tab:, DIAMICRON 30 mg tab:, Reclide 30 mg tab:, Diasafe 80 mg tab: Adult : Initially 40–80 mg once daily, up to 160 mg twice daily; modified-release: 30–120 mg once daily. Child: Not recommended. |
Cautions - Elderly, Hypertension, Myocardial infarction, Congestive heart failure, Liver/renal impairment, Diabetes mellitus, Osteoporosis, Glaucoma, Peptic ulcer, Pregnancy, Breastfeeding, Hypothyroidism. Trade names - PLONE-5 tab:, Prednisolon 5mg tab:, Dopred 5mg tab: Adult : 5–60 mg/day in divided doses depending on condition. Child: 0.5–2 mg/kg/day in divided doses; adjust per severity and age. |
Trade names - Medison 16mg tab:, Medison 4mg tab: Adult : 4–48 mg/day depending on indication and severity. Child: 0.5–1.7 mg/kg/day in divided doses or single dose. |
Trade name - Butazolidin tab:, Butazone tab: tab:®, Cap:® Adult : 100–200 mg 2–3 times daily; maintenance 100 mg twice daily. Use only short term. Child: Not recommended due to risk of serious adverse effects. |
Trade name - Sinpole nasal drop, Etryzoline eye drop Adult : Eye/nasal: 1–2 drops every 4–6 hours as needed (max 4 times/day). Child: Not recommended under 6 years (nasal); eye drops: 1 drop in each eye every 6 hours (use caution in children). |
Trade name - Afrin Nasal Drop, Nazolin Nasal Drop, Zycks Nasal Drop. Adult : 0.05% nasal spray/drop: 2–3 sprays/drops into each nostril twice daily; max 3 days. Child: Ages 6–12: 0.025% solution 2–3 drops/sprays per nostril twice daily. |
Trade name - Coligon-O tab:®, Cap:® Adult : 10–20 mg orally 2–3 times daily before meals or as directed. Child: Not commonly used in children; use only under physician guidance. |
Trade name - Coligon-O tab:®, Cap:® Adult : 540 mg to 1080 mg (usually with simethicone), 1–2 tablets or 10 mL suspension after meals and at bedtime. Child: Not routinely recommended; if used, under strict medical supervision. |
Avoid - Hypophosphataemia. Trade name - tab:®, Cap:® Adult : 500 mg to 1 g orally 1–3 times a day as an antacid, preferably between meals. Child: Not commonly used; consult pediatric dosage guidelines if needed. |
Trade name - Magnomint Tab:, Fourrts 250mg tab:, Siloxogene 250mg tab: Avoid - Hypophosphataemia. Adult : 500 mg–2 g orally after meals and at bedtime. Child: Not recommended routinely; use only under medical supervision. |
Avoid - Chronic therapy and high doses. Trade names - TRANSTON inj:® Adult : 40–100 mg IM into gluteal muscle; repeat if necessary. Child: Dosage to be determined by physician based on severity and condition. |
Trade names - Aceren Cap: Adult : 50 mg once daily for 2–4 weeks, then 50 mg twice daily with food. Child: Not recommended. |
Trade names - Erythropoietin Alfa 10000 IU, Repoitin 2000 Inj:, ior Epocim 10000 IU Injectable Solution, Alvoetin Inj:, Zyrop 10000 Inj:, Zyrop 4000 Inj: Adult : 50–100 IU/kg IV or SC three times weekly; titrate per response. Child: 50 IU/kg IV or SC three times weekly; adjust based on clinical response and hemoglobin levels. |
Trade names - Ambidext-30 tab:, Duzela Cap: Adult : 40–60 mg daily in 1–2 divided doses; max 120 mg/day. Child: Not routinely recommended; consult physician. |
Cautions - Renal impairment. Trade names - Zidro Cap:, Amcef-Plus Cap:, Bicef Cap:, Cefat Cap:, Sandrox Cap: Adult : 500 mg–1 g orally every 12–24 hours. Child: 30 mg/kg/day in divided doses every 12 hours. |
Trade names - Anadex 1 mg tab:, Aremed 1 mg Film Coated tab: Adult : 1 mg orally once daily. Child: Not recommended for pediatric use. |
Trade names - Anucare Ointment: Adult : Apply topically 1–3 times daily to affected area. Child: Safe for use in infants and children; apply as directed. |
Avoid - Pregnancy, Renal impairment, Active GI bleeding or ulceration, Heart failure, Uncontrolled hypertension, Peripheral arterial disease. Cautions - Allergic disorders, Breastfeeding, Hepatic impairment, Coagulation defects, Dehydration, Elderly, Ulcerative colitis, Oedema. Trade names - Mexib 120 tab:, Aristo Etocox-60 tab:, Mexib 60 tab:, Mexib 90 tab: Adult : 60–120 mg once daily depending on indication. Child: Not recommended. |
Avoid - Acute porphyrias, GI bleeding or ulceration, History of GI bleeding, Ischaemic heart disease, Heart failure. Cautions - Cardiac impairment, Hypertension, Edema, Ulcerative colitis, Elderly, History of cardiac failure. Trade names - Acel 100 mg tab:®, Aceclofenac BP 100 mg tab:® Adult : 100 mg orally twice daily. Child: Not recommended. |
Avoid - Acute porphyrias, Breastfeeding. Trade names - Axystat-250 tab: Adult : 250–500 mg orally every 6 hours as needed. Child: 10–25 mg/kg/day in 2–4 divided doses. |
Trade names - Duonase spray®, Azelamark-F Nasal Spray® Adult : 1–2 sprays per nostril twice daily. Child: 6–11 years: 1 spray per nostril twice daily. |
Trade names - Balsem AKTIV Balm Adult : Apply topically 2–3 times daily. Child: Use with caution; apply thin layer to affected area under supervision. |
Trade names - Balsem Otot Geliga Balm, Balsem AKTIV Balm Adult : Apply thinly to affected area 3–4 times daily. Child: Use with caution in children above 6 years under adult supervision. |
Trade names - B-Cal tab: Adult : 500–1,200 mg/day in divided doses. Child: 250–500 mg/day depending on age and condition. |
Trade names - Balsem Otot Geliga Balm Note: Capsules must not be chewed. Adult : 0.2–0.4 mL enteric-coated capsule 2–3 times daily. Child: Not recommended below 12 years without medical advice. |
Avoid - Broken skin, Impaired peripheral circulation, Application to anogenital region, Face, Large areas, Diabetic patients at risk of neuropathic ulcers. Trade names - Beprosalic ointment, Euroderm cream®, Betacylic Ointment Adult : Apply once or twice daily to affected area as directed. Child: Use with caution; consult physician for dosage and duration. |
Trade names - Betahist tab: Adult : 8–16 mg orally three times daily; maintenance 24–48 mg/day in divided doses. Child: Not recommended due to limited data on safety and efficacy. |
Avoid - Paralytic ileus, Breastfeeding. Cautions - Administer before meals. Trade names - Bevarin tab:, Colospas tab: Adult : 135 mg three times daily, preferably 20 minutes before meals. Child: Not recommended. |
Trade names - Ascodex, Ofkof Syrup, tab:®, Cap:® Adult : 60 mg every 4–6 hours; max 240 mg/day. Child: 6–12 years: 30 mg every 4–6 hours; max 120 mg/day. Not recommended under 6 years. |
Trade names - Egybort Lyophilized for Bolus, Bortemib Inj:, Velcade 1mg Lyophilized Powder for Inj: Adult : 1.3 mg/m² IV or SC on days 1, 4, 8, and 11 of a 21-day cycle. Child: Safety and efficacy not established. |
Trade names - Broncal Oral Suspension, tab:®, Cap:® Adult : 750 mg three times daily (tablets); or as syrup: 15 mL three times daily. Child: 2–5 years: 100 mg three times daily; 6–12 years: 250 mg three times daily. |
Trade names - Canogrow Cap:, tab:®, Cap:® Adult : Usual dose: 500–1500 mg elemental calcium daily in divided doses. Child: Dose adjusted according to age and nutritional needs. |
Trade names - Cefazolin Powder for Inj: Adult : Cefazolin: 500 mg to 1 g IV/IM every 8 hours; max 6 g/day. Child: Cefazolin: 25–50 mg/kg/day in divided doses every 8 hours. |
Trade names - Ciaxon 1000 tab:, Ciaxon 500 tab:, Sancit 500 Cap:, Cercolin tab:, Neurocoline Inj:, Jeclin Inj:, Strocit 2ml Inj:, Strocit 4ml Inj:, tab:®, Cap:® Adult : 500–2000 mg/day PO or IV in divided doses. Child: Not established; use with caution under medical supervision. |
Trade names - Cefpomed 100mg tab:, Ampodox-100 tab:, Ampodox-200 tab:, Cefpodoxime 100mg tab:, Forenza CV 200 tab:, Vexpod 200 Film Coated tab:, Theopoxime-100 DT tab:, Theopoxime-200 tab:, Maxitil 200 tab:, Cepovex 50 Suspension Adult : 100–400 mg/day in 2 divided doses depending on infection type. Child: 10 mg/kg/day divided every 12 hours; max dose varies by age/weight. |
Contraindications - Known allergy or hypersensitivity, Severe renal impairment, Colitis, Pregnancy, Breastfeeding. Trade names - tab:®, Cap:®, Suspension:® Adult : 400 mg orally once daily for 7–10 days depending on infection. Child: 9 mg/kg once daily (max 400 mg/day); duration 5–10 days depending on condition. |
Trade Names - Free Zone (500 ml)® Adult : Apply topically as directed; avoid prolonged use or use over large areas. Child: Use with caution; avoid in neonates due to neurotoxicity risk. |
Citabin tab: Adult : 1250 mg/m² orally twice daily for 14 days, followed by a 7-day rest (21-day cycle). Child: Not recommended; safety and efficacy not established. |
Celib, Cox B-Coxib, Dorsiflex, Dymazol Avoid - Active GI bleeding and ulceration, Ischaemic heart disease. Cautions - Allergic disorders, Coagulation defects, Elderly, Hypertension, Oedema, Ulcerative colitis, Hepatic/renal impairment, Long-term NSAID use may reduce female fertility. Trade Names - tab:®, Cap:® Adult : 200 mg once daily or 100 mg twice daily. Child: Not typically recommended. |
Avoid - Unstable angina, Breastfeeding. Trade Names - Amlong 5 mg tab:®, Amlodipine 5 mg tab:®,Amlong tab:, Amlotop-5 tab:, Corvadil 5 mg uncoated tab:,Amlotop-5 tab:, Corvadil 5 mg uncoated tab: Adult : 5–10 mg orally once daily. Child: 6–17 years: 2.5–5 mg orally once daily. |
Trade Names - Cypress Sugar Coated tab:, Daphne 2mg-0.035mg tab:® Adult : 50–300 mg orally per day depending on condition. Child: Not routinely recommended. |
Trade Names - Decapeptyl 0.1mg Solution for Inj:® Adult : 3.75 mg IM every 28 days. Child: 100 mcg/kg IM every 28 days for central precocious puberty. |
Trade Names - CALNEED 500mg tab:®, Rennie tab:, DHA-Cal 500+D tab:® Adult : 500–1500 mg orally once or twice daily with food. Child: 250–500 mg/day depending on age and indication. |
Trade Names - Parlodel tab:®, Cycloset Cap:®, Dibor R tab:® Adult : 1.25–2.5 mg once or twice daily, titrated up to 5–10 mg/day. Child: Start with 1.25 mg/day; adjust as needed. |
Avoid - Hepatic impairment, Renal impairment, Cardiac disease, Fetal malpresentation, History of caesarean section, History of major uterine surgery, Multiple pregnancy, History of difficult delivery. Cautions - History of asthma or epilepsy Trade Names - Cervidil®, Prostin E2®, Propess® Adult : 10 mg vaginal insert for 12 hours or as per protocol. Child: Not applicable. |
Avoid - Obstructive cardiomyopathy, Constrictive pericarditis. Trade Names - Dobuzef (IV), DOBUSTAT inj: Adult : 2.5–15 mcg/kg/min IV infusion, titrated as per response. Child: Dose adjusted per weight and clinical response. |
Trade Names - Eganin Cap: Adult : Dosage as per physician's direction. Child: Dose individualized. |
Trade Names - LifeExtension 500mg Cap:, GLUTAHENZ oral powder, Elemune Inj: Adult : 5–10 g daily in divided doses. Child: Adjust according to weight and need. |
Trade Names - Desirett tab:, Embevin 28 tab:, Marvelon-28 tab: Adult : 75 mcg once daily continuously. Child: Not recommended unless prescribed for specific indications. |
Avoid - Breastfeeding, Renal impairment, Myocardial infarction, Bradycardia. Trade Names - Flox-O tab:, Oflox tab:, Ofoxin tab:, Hipoflox IV, Oven Eye Drops Adult : 200–400 mg twice daily. Child: Use with caution; not typically first-line in pediatrics. |
Cautions - Psychiatric history, Cardiac conditions, Renal impairment (adjust dose). Avoid - Breastfeeding. Side effects - Bronchial secretion changes, Dyspnea, Hemoptysis, Weight loss (inhalation). Trade Names - Evo 750 tab:®, Levobact-750 tab:®, Levofloxacin 500mg tab:®, Laviflox tab:®, Leflox tab:®, Floxavian tab:®, VOLEQUIN infusion® Adult : 250–750 mg once daily depending on infection. Child: Not generally recommended unless no alternatives exist. |
Trade Names - Flexofytol 42mg capsule Adult : Typically 2 capsules twice daily (follow product instructions). Child: Consult physician; not generally recommended under 6 years. |
Contra-indications - Acute myocardial infarction, Bradycardia, Congenital long QT syndrome, Electrolyte disturbances, Heart failure with reduced ejection fraction, History of symptomatic arrhythmias. Trade Names - Molox tab:, Mofoxin tab:, Moxiwin 400mg tab:, Eyemox Eye Drops 5ml, Avelox inj: Adult : 400 mg orally once daily for 7 days. Child: Use only if benefits outweigh risks; dose by physician. |
Trade Names - NORFLOX 400mg Cap:®, N-Flox tab:, Uronor-400 tab:, Uroflox 400 tab:, Norfloxacin tab: Adult : 400 mg twice daily for 7–10 days (UTI). Child: Not typically recommended due to joint toxicity. |
Trade Names - Negram tab:, Ulix-P tab:, Mictral powder, Uriben syrup® Adult : 1 g four times daily for 7 days. Child: 50–55 mg/kg/day in divided doses (age >3 months). |
Trade Names - Maxaquin Adult : 400 mg once daily. Child: Use not recommended; safety not established. |
E-Zinc 27.5mg/ml Syrup (Oral Drops), E-Zinc 55mg/5ml Syrup Trade Names - E-Zinc® Adult : Child: |
Trade Names - TAMCONTIN 0.4 tab®, Tamsolin Cap®, Tamlosin tab®, Floezy Prolonged Release tab® Adult : Child: |
Trade Names - Seroflo 125 Inhaler®, Seroflo 250 Inhaler®, Flusort Nasal Spray®, Fluticon Nasal Spray®, Flutimark Nasal Spray®, Flumetholon 0.1% Ophthalmic Suspension (5ml)® Adult : Child: |
Fondaparinux DRL, Fondaparinux Sodium Inj Avoid - Active bleeding, Bacterial endocarditis. Cautions - Gastric ulcer, Bleeding disorders. Trade Names - Fondaparinux DRL®, Fondaparinux Sodium Inj® Adult : Child: |
Trade Names - E-Zinc 27.5mg/ml Syrup®, E-Zinc 55mg/5ml Syrup® Adult : As directed by physician. Child: As directed by physician. |
Trade Names - TAMCONTIN 0.4 tab®, Tamsolin Cap®, Tamlosin tab®, Floezy Prolonged Release tab® Adult : 0.4 mg once daily after the same meal each day. Child: Not recommended. |
Trade Names - Flumetholon 0.1% Ophthalmic Suspension 5ml®, Seroflo 125 Inhaler®, Seroflo 250 Inhaler®, Flusort Nasal Spray®, Fluticon Nasal Spray®, Flutimark Nasal Spray® Adult : Instill 1–2 drops into the affected eye(s) 2–4 times daily. Child: Use with caution under medical supervision. |
Avoid - Active bleeding, Bacterial endocarditis. Cautions - Gastric ulcer, Bleeding disorders. Trade Names - Fondaparinux DRL®, Fondaparinux Sodium Inj® Adult : 2.5 mg subcutaneously once daily. Child: Not recommended. |
Trade Names - Latoprost RT 0.005% Eye Drops® Adult : 1 drop into the affected eye(s) once daily in the evening. Child: Use under specialist supervision. |
Trade Names - Optacarpine Eye Drops®, Piloptic-2 Eye Drops® Adult : 1–2 drops in the affected eye(s) up to 4 times daily. Child: As directed by physician. |
Trade Names - Epitin Eye Drops® Adult : 1 drop in each affected eye twice daily for up to 8 weeks. Child: Use under medical supervision. |
Avoid - Acute porphyrias, Pregnancy, Breastfeeding. Cautions - Epilepsy, Prostatic hypertrophy, Pyloduodenal obstruction, Urinary retention, Angle-closure glaucoma. Trade Names - Ketof tab®, Prosma Eye Drops®, Zadit Eye Drops®, Ketolerg® Adult : 1 drop twice daily in the affected eye(s). Child: Above 3 years: same as adult dose. |
Trade Names - Erivedge Cap® Adult : 150 mg once daily orally. Child: Not recommended. |
Trade Names - Evenol Pessaries®, Nonoxynol Cervical Cap® Adult : Insert 1 pessary or use cap before intercourse as directed. Child: Not applicable. |
Trade Names - Eyean Cap® Adult : 10–20 mg daily orally with food. Child: As directed by physician. |
Avoid - History of postural hypotension, Severe renal impairment. Trade Names - Xatral XL 10 mg tab® Adult : 10 mg once daily immediately after the same meal each day. Child: Not recommended. |
Trade Names - Didronel tab® Adult : 20 mg/kg daily orally for 14 days of each 90-day cycle. Child: Not recommended. |
Trade Names - Aredia Dry Powder® Adult : 15–90 mg by slow IV infusion over 2–24 hours depending on condition. Child: Use under specialist advice only. |
Trade Names - U-TRYP 1,000,000 IU injection (IV infusion)® Adult : 100,000–200,000 IU twice daily IV infusion. Child: Dosage as per specialist advice. |
Trade Names - Forus Ophthalmic Ointment®, Cap:® Adult : Topical or ophthalmic use 2–4 times daily as directed. Child: Same as adult under supervision. |
Avoid - Renal impairment, Pregnancy, Breastfeeding, Myasthenia gravis. Trade Names - Colomycin tab® Adult : 2 million to 5 million units 3 times daily depending on severity (IV/IM/inhalation). Child: Dose adjusted by weight and infection severity. |
Trade Names - Fusitop Ointment®, tab:®, Cap:® Adult : 500 mg orally 2–3 times daily; topically 2–3 times daily. Child: Dosage as per body weight and clinical judgement. |
Trade Names - Forane Inhalation Liquid®, Cap:® Adult : Induction: 0.5–3%; Maintenance: 1–2.5% inhaled. Child: Similar to adult; dose titrated carefully by anaesthetist. |
Trade Names - Gamma-I.V 5 Injectable Solution®, tab:®, Cap:® Adult : 0.4 g/kg/day IV for 5 days (depends on indication). Child: Same as adult on weight-based calculation. |
Trade Names - Gasmotin 5mg tab®, Mosac-5 tab®, Cap:® Adult : 5 mg orally three times daily before meals. Child: As directed by physician. |
Avoid - Hernia, Inflammatory bowel disease. Trade Names - Garbose tab®, Cap:® Adult : 25–100 mg orally three times daily with meals. Child: Not recommended. |
Trade Names - Gaso-Aid chewable tab®, Mylom Drops Oral Suspension®, tab:®, Cap:® Adult : 40–125 mg orally after meals and at bedtime. Child: 20 mg orally 3–4 times daily (infants); dose per age/weight. |
Trade Names - Gastrografin Gastroenteral Solution®, Diatrizoate meglumine and Sodium Inj® Adult : Dose varies per procedure; administered under supervision. Child: Adjusted per weight and imaging requirement. |
Trade Names - Gazyva Concentrate for Solution for Infusion®, Cap:® Adult : 1000 mg IV on days 1, 8, and 15 of first cycle; then day 1 of each 28-day cycle. Child: Not recommended. |
Gemcitabine should be discontinued if signs of haemolytic anaemia occur. Trade Names - Gemtan Inj®, Biogem 1000 Inj®, Biogem 200 Inj®, Gemcitabine for Inj®, Gemtabin Powder for IV Infusion®, Gemtan Inj® Adult : 1000 mg/m² IV once weekly for 3 weeks followed by 1 week rest (varies by cancer type). Child: Not established; use only under specialist oncology guidance. |
Trade Names - Glopancrin-2000 Cap® Adult : As per formulation, typically 1–2 capsules with meals. Child: Dose based on age and weight; consult physician. |
Trade Names - Glopancrin-2000 Cap® Adult : 1–2 capsules with meals. Child: Dose to be determined by physician. |
Trade Names - Arthrostop tab®, Glucosamine Chondroitin tab®, Joint Guard Cap®, Triflex Caplet®, Cosamine 500mg Cap® Adult : 500–1500 mg daily in divided doses. Child: Not recommended unless prescribed by physician. |
Trade Names - Abinta tab®, Digelase Cap®, Digezyme Soft Cap®, Meipropan Cap®, Glopancrin-450 Cap® Adult : 500–2500 lipase units/kg/meal; maximum 10,000 units/kg/day. Child: Dosage varies based on age and condition; consult specialist. |
Avoid - Pregnancy, Breastfeeding. Cautions - Hepatic impairment, Renal impairment, Neutropenia. Trade Names - GPO-L-ONE tab: Adult : 75 mg/kg/day orally in 3 divided doses. Child: Same as adult if body weight ≥20 kg; otherwise adjust per kg. |
Avoid - Breastfeeding, Gastrointestinal obstruction, Urinary obstruction. Cautions - COPD, Bradycardia, Cardiac disease, Peptic ulcer, Pregnancy, Hepatic impairment. Trade Names - Galantamine Hydrobromide tab:® Adult : Start with 4 mg twice daily, increase gradually. Child: Not recommended. |
Avoid - Severe liver disease without hyperammonemia. Cautions - Hepatic encephalopathy. Trade Names - Helpovin Infusion Adult : 500–2000 mg daily in divided doses. Child: Use under specialist advice. |
Avoid - Hypersensitivity. Cautions - Pancreatitis, Hepatic disease, Renal impairment, Lactic acidosis risk. Trade Names - Heptavir-150 tab:, Eletec tab:®, Cap:® Adult : 100–150 mg once daily depending on condition. Child: 4 mg/kg once daily (max 150 mg/day). |
Avoid - Hypersensitivity to E. coli-derived proteins. Cautions - Sickle cell disease, Myeloid malignancies, Pulmonary toxicity. Trade Names - Colstim Inj:, Ior Leuko Cim 300µg Injectable Solution Adult : 5 µg/kg/day SC or IV. Child: Same as adult, weight-based dosing. |
Avoid - Pregnancy (teratogenic), Breastfeeding. Cautions - Liver disease, Lipid disorders, Depression, Suicidal ideation. Trade Names - Isotrevic 30 Cap: Adult : 0.5–1 mg/kg/day orally in divided doses (systemic use). Child: Over 12 years: same as adult under medical supervision. |
Avoid - Hypotension, Severe anemia, Concomitant PDE-5 inhibitors. Cautions - Glaucoma, Head trauma, Hypothyroidism. Trade Names - tab:®, Cap:® Adult : 5–40 mg orally 2–3 times daily. Child: Not recommended. |
Avoid - Hypotension, Concomitant nitrates or PDE-5 inhibitors. Cautions - Glaucoma, Severe liver impairment, Alcohol use. Trade Names - Ibimo C.R.F.C tab: 60mg Adult : 20–60 mg once or twice daily. Child: Not recommended. |
Avoid - Sudden withdrawal, Pregnancy. Cautions - Diabetes mellitus, Elderly, Renal impairment, Adults with low body weight, Mixed seizures. Side effects - Anxiety, Abnormal appetite, Arthralgia, Asthenia, Abnormal behavior, Depression, Dry mouth, GI discomfort, Increased risk of infection, Tremors, Abnormal thinking. Trade Names - GABACEN 300mg Cap®, GABIX 100mg Cap® Adult Dose - 300 mg once daily initially, titrated to 900–1800 mg/day in 3 divided doses. Child Dose - Start with 10–15 mg/kg/day in 3 divided doses, titrate as needed. |
Avoid - Pregnancy, Breastfeeding. Cautions - Hepatic impairment, Renal impairment. Trade Names - GPO-L-ONE Tab (100 Tabs Bottle) Adult Dose - 75 mg/kg/day in 3 divided doses. Child Dose - Same as adult if age >6 years; monitor closely. |
Avoid - Breastfeeding, GI obstruction, Urinary obstruction. Cautions - COPD, Cardiac disease, Unstable angina, Peptic ulcer, Pregnancy, Hepatic impairment. Trade Names - Galantamine Hydrobromide Tab® Adult Dose - 4 mg twice daily initially, up to 8–12 mg twice daily. Child Dose - Not recommended. |
Trade Names - Helpovin Infusion Adult Dose - 5–10 g daily IV or oral depending on indication. Child Dose - Not routinely recommended; consult specialist. |
Trade Names - Heptavir-150 Tab, Eletec Tab® Adult Dose - 100–150 mg once or twice daily. Child Dose - 3 mg/kg twice daily, max 300 mg/day. |
Trade Names - Colstim Inj, Ior Leuko Cim 300µg Inj Adult Dose - 5 mcg/kg/day SC or IV. Child Dose - Same as adult; dose by weight. |
Trade Names - Isotrevic 30 Cap Adult Dose - 0.5–1 mg/kg/day in divided doses orally. Child Dose - Use not recommended under 12 years. |
Trade Names - Tab®, Cap® Adult Dose - 5–40 mg orally 2–3 times/day. Child Dose - Not recommended. |
Trade Names - Ibimo C.R.F.C Tab 60 mg Adult Dose - 20–60 mg once or twice daily. Child Dose - Not established. |
Trade Names - PROVULA Tab, Jesper-50 Tab, Clomitab Tab Adult Dose - 50 mg/day for 5 days starting on day 2–5 of cycle, may increase to 100 mg. Child Dose - Not indicated. |
Trade Names - Ketalar IM/IV, Ketanir Inj Adult Dose - 0.5–2 mg/kg IV; 4–10 mg/kg IM. Child Dose - Same as adult by weight. |
Cautions - Acute porphyrias. Trade Names - Lazon 2.5 Tab, Lazon 5 Tab Adult Dose - 2.5–10 mg once daily. Child Dose - 0.1–0.2 mg/kg/day. |
Cautions - Confusion, Bipolar disorder, Cancer, Elderly, Thyrotoxicosis, Hypertension, Schizophrenia. Trade Names - Linzol 600 Tab Adult Dose - 600 mg every 12 hours. Child Dose - 10 mg/kg every 8–12 hours. |
Avoid - Addison's disease, Cardiac insufficiency, Dehydration, Arrhythmia, Hypothyroidism, Pregnancy, Breastfeeding. Cautions - Abrupt withdrawal, Cardiac disease, Elderly, Diuretic therapy, Epilepsy, Myasthenia gravis, Psoriasis, Long-term use, Require contraception, Renal impairment. Trade Names - Lithocent-CR Tab, Lithium Carbonate 250 mg Tabs Adult Dose - 200–600 mg 2–3 times/day; dose adjusted to serum lithium level. Child Dose - Not routinely used; specialist advice required. |
Avoid - Addison's disease, Cardiac insufficiency, Dehydration, Arrhythmia, Hypothyroidism, Pregnancy, Breastfeeding. Cautions - Abrupt withdrawal, Cardiac disease, Elderly, Diuretic therapy, Epilepsy, Myasthenia gravis, Psoriasis, Long-term use, Require contraception, Renal impairment. Trade Names - Lithocent-CR Tab Adult Dose - 8–10 mEq 2–3 times daily; adjust by serum lithium levels. Child Dose - Specialist only; dosing by serum level and weight. |
Avoid - Pregnancy (especially 2nd/3rd trimester), Hypersensitivity to ARBs. Cautions - Severe heart failure, Hepatic impairment. Trade Names - Losartan Potassium USP 50mg Tab, Vazortan-H Tab Adult Dose - 50 mg once daily; may increase to 100 mg daily in 1 or 2 divided doses. Child Dose - 6–16 years: 0.7 mg/kg once daily (maximum 50 mg/day). |
Avoid - Pregnancy, Undiagnosed vaginal bleeding, Hypersensitivity to GnRH analogs. Cautions - Osteoporosis risk, Cardiovascular disease, Diabetes. Trade Names - Luprodex Powder for Injection Adult Dose - 3.75 mg IM monthly or 11.25 mg every 3 months depending on indication. Child Dose - Central precocious puberty: 7.5–15 mg IM monthly depending on weight. |
Avoid - Pregnancy, Breastfeeding, Thrombocytopenia, Severe myelosuppression. Cautions - Bone marrow suppression, Renal impairment, Pulmonary toxicity. Trade Names - Mitomycin Injection Adult Dose - IV: 10–20 mg/m² every 6–8 weeks; Intravesical: 20–40 mg weekly. Child Dose - Specialist use only. |
Avoid - Severe cardiac disease, Pregnancy, Breastfeeding. Cautions - Hepatic impairment, Myelosuppression, Risk of cardiotoxicity. Trade Names - Epirubicin Injection Adult Dose - IV: 60–100 mg/m² every 3 weeks; Intravesical: 50 mg weekly for 8 weeks. Child Dose - Specialist use only. |
Avoid - Active severe infections, Known hypersensitivity, Live vaccines, Pregnancy. Cautions - Cardiac disease, Risk of hepatitis B reactivation, Infusion-related reactions. Trade Names - Mabthera Solution for S/C (Specialist use only) Adult Dose - CLL: 375 mg/m² IV weekly x 4; RA: 1 g IV on Days 1 and 15, repeated every 6 months. Child Dose - Specialist use only. |
Side Effects - Hiccups, Myocardial rupture (following recent myocardial infarction), Oedema, Stevens-Johnson syndrome. Trade Names - DIPGEN Cream®, Be Topic Cream 10g, BET-GM Skin Cream®, Betamethasone Cream® Adult Dose - Initially up to 120 mg daily (systemic); apply thin layer 1–2 times daily (topical). Child Dose - 1 month–11 years: 0.25–1.5 mg/kg once daily or on alternate days; max 2.4 mg/kg daily (systemic); apply sparingly 1–2 times daily (topical). |
Avoid - Acute porphyrias, Pregnancy, Breastfeeding. Cautions - Liver disease, Drug interactions (e.g. warfarin), Prolonged use. Trade Names - BET-GM Skin Cream®, BECOZINC Cap®, Micozole Cream 20mg, Micora Gel Adult Dose - Topical: Apply twice daily. Oral gel: 2.5 mL (half a teaspoon) 4 times daily. Vaginal cream: Once daily for 7 days or as prescribed. Child Dose - Oral gel: 1.25 mL (¼ teaspoon) 4 times daily; topical: apply 1–2 times daily. |
Avoid - Active thromboembolic disorders, Liver disease, Undiagnosed vaginal bleeding, Pregnancy. Cautions - Depression, Diabetes, Cardiovascular disease, Epilepsy, Migraine, Asthma. Trade Names - Medroxy 5mg Tab® Adult Dose - 2.5–10 mg daily for 5–10 days for uterine bleeding; 150 mg IM every 3 months or 104 mg SC every 3 months for contraception. Child Dose - Specialist use only, particularly in adolescents for contraception or endometriosis. |
Avoid - Patients with increased risk of osteosarcoma, Paget's disease, Unexplained elevations of alkaline phosphatase, Prior radiation therapy involving the skeleton. Cautions - Hypercalcemia, Severe renal impairment, Hypotension after injection. Trade Names - Megapth Inj® (Specialist use only) Adult Dose - 50–100 mcg subcutaneously once daily, adjusted based on serum calcium. Child Dose - Not recommended; use in children has not been established. |
Avoid - Application to broken or irritated skin, Pregnancy, Breastfeeding. Cautions - Prolonged use, Sun exposure (use sunscreen), Skin irritation. Trade Names - Melacare Cream®, Melashine Cream 4% w/w Adult Dose - Apply a thin layer to affected area once or twice daily for up to 2 months. Child Dose - Not recommended for use in children under 12 years. |
Avoid - Hypersensitivity to thymic extracts. Cautions - Autoimmune diseases, Use with immunosuppressants. Trade Names - Mivopin Cap® Adult Dose - 60–120 mg orally once daily for 1–3 months, depending on indication. Child Dose - 30–60 mg daily depending on age and weight (specialist supervision advised). |
Avoid - Severe renal impairment, Hypersensitivity to cetrorelix or GnRH analogs, Pregnancy, Lactation. Cautions - History of allergic conditions, Close monitoring in ART cycles. Trade Names - Cetrotide 0.25mg Powder for Inj® (Initiate under specialist supervision) Adult Dose - 0.25 mg subcutaneously once daily during controlled ovarian stimulation. Child Dose - Not indicated for pediatric use. |
Avoid - Pregnancy, Breastfeeding. Cautions - Neuropsychiatric events, Hepatic impairment. Trade Names - Montimax-5 Tab®, Montene 10 mg Tab®, Montek 5 mg Tab®, Montek 10 mg Tab®, Montiget 10 mg Tab®, Monteka 10 mg Tab®, MOKAST 5 mg Tab®, Montas 5 Chewable Tab®, Mayakast 10 Tab® Adult Dose - 10 mg once daily in the evening. Child Dose - 6 months–5 years: 4 mg once daily; 6–14 years: 5 mg once daily; ≥15 years: 10 mg once daily. |
Avoid - Untreated skin infections, Rosacea, Perioral dermatitis, Pregnancy, Breastfeeding. Cautions - Prolonged use, Pediatric patients (growth suppression), Skin thinning. Trade Names - Momate Cream®, Zynovate Ointment®, Mosal Ointment 10g® Adult Dose - Inhaler: 400 mcg once daily; Cream/Ointment: Apply thin layer once or twice daily. Child Dose - 2–11 years: 100 mcg inhaled once daily; topical use with caution. |
Avoid - Pregnancy, Breastfeeding, Active helminth infections. Cautions - Use only under specialist supervision. Trade Names - Nucala Inj® Adult Dose - 100 mg subcutaneously every 4 weeks. Child Dose - 6–11 years: 40 mg SC every 4 weeks; 12–17 years: 100 mg SC every 4 weeks. |
Avoid - Pregnancy, Breastfeeding. Cautions - Helminth infections, Hepatic and renal impairment, Autoimmune disease. Trade Names - Xolair Inj® Adult Dose - 75–600 mg subcutaneously every 2–4 weeks, based on IgE levels and body weight. Child Dose - 6–11 years: 75–375 mg SC every 2–4 weeks; urticaria use ≥12 years only. |
Avoid - Pregnancy, Breastfeeding, Active helminth infections. Cautions - Specialist use only, Half-life ~15 days, Monitor eosinophil count. Trade Names - Fasenra Inj® (Specialist use only) Adult Dose - 30 mg subcutaneously every 4 weeks for first 3 doses, then every 8 weeks. Child Dose - 12–17 years: same as adult dose; not recommended under 12 years. |
Trade Names - Neovan Syrup®, Acebrophylline Tab®, Cap® Adult Dose - 100 mg twice daily after meals. Child Dose - Not recommended below 18 years; pediatric use not established. |
Trade Names - Neovec 10 mg Powder for Inj® Adult Dose - Initial dose: 80–100 mcg/kg IV; Maintenance: 20–30 mcg/kg IV every 20–40 min or continuous infusion 0.8–1.2 mcg/kg/min. Child Dose - Neonates and children: 100–200 mcg/kg IV initially; adjust per response and monitoring. |
Trade Names - Mycept-500 Tab®, Mycophenolate Mofetil Inj®, Mycovex 500 Tab®, Mofetyl 500 Tab®, Mycovex 250 Cap®, My-Rept Cap® Adult Dose - 1 g twice daily orally or IV (adjust per organ type and patient response). Child Dose - Renal transplant (3 months–18 years): 600 mg/m² orally twice daily (max 1 g twice daily). |
Trade Names - Myfortic 180 mg Tab®, Cap® Adult Dose - 360–720 mg twice daily orally depending on indication and tolerance. Child Dose - Safety and efficacy not established in children under 18 years. |
Trade Names - Minolac Film Coated Tab® Adult Dose - 10 mg orally every 4–6 hours as needed; max duration 5 days. Child Dose - Not recommended for children under 16 years (oral). Use specialist guidance for IV/IM. |
Avoid - Acute porphyrias. Trade Names - Vira 200 Tab®, Cap® Adult Dose - 200 mg once daily for 14 days, then 200 mg twice daily. Child Dose - Dosage based on body surface area (e.g., 150–200 mg/m²/day in divided doses). |
Trade Names - Vinpotin 5 Tab®, Cap® Adult Dose - 5–10 mg orally three times daily. Child Dose - Use not recommended due to lack of data. |
Contraindications (Avoid) - None specified. Cautions - Use with caution in sensitive skin or allergy-prone patients. Trade Names - UO Cream 20 g Adult Dose - Apply topically 1–2 times daily as directed. Child Dose - Use with caution; same as adult dose unless otherwise directed. |
Contraindications (Avoid) - Hepatic impairment, Pregnancy, Breastfeeding, Infants under 6 weeks. Cautions - Monitor for hypersensitivity and renal function. Trade Names - tab:®, Cap:® Adult Dose - Typically 1–2 g daily in divided doses; adjust per severity. Child Dose - Use weight-based dosing cautiously under medical supervision. |
Contraindications (Avoid) - Severe renal impairment. Cautions - Use cautiously in Parkinson’s disease, movement disorders. Trade Names - VASTAREL Cap:®, CARDIMAX-SR tab:, Metagem 20 tab:, Angidine tab:, Angimet tab:, Vastadine-20 tab: Adult Dose - 35–70 mg daily in divided doses (e.g., 20 mg 2–3 times daily or 35–50 mg SR once or twice daily). Child Dose - Not recommended. |
Avoid - Simultaneous administration of methotrexate without supervision. Cautions - Use with caution in patients with folate metabolism disorders. Trade Names - tab:®, Cap:® Adult Dose - Dose depends on methotrexate regimen; usually 10–30 mg orally or IV daily. Child Dose - Dose adjusted by weight and methotrexate level; specialist supervision required. |
Avoid - Unsupervised simultaneous use with methotrexate. Cautions - Patients with folate metabolism abnormalities. Trade Names - tab:®, Cap:® Adult Dose - Typically 10–30 mg orally or IV daily, adjusted per treatment protocol. Child Dose - Weight-based dosing under specialist care. |
Avoid - Known hypersensitivity to rasburicase or E. coli proteins. Cautions - G6PD deficiency, risk of haemolysis. Trade Names - Powder for Injection:® Adult Dose - 0.2 mg/kg IV once daily, duration based on uric acid levels. Child Dose - 0.2 mg/kg IV once daily; adjust per clinical response. |
Avoid - Severe hepatic impairment, Pregnancy, Breastfeeding. Cautions - Hepatic dysfunction, Myelosuppression, Cardiotoxicity. Trade Names - tab:®, Cap:® Adult Dose - 1.5 mg/m² IV infusion every 3 weeks. Child Dose - Not established; specialist use only. |
Avoid - Severe neutropenia, Pregnancy, Breastfeeding. Cautions - Myelosuppression, Hepatic impairment. Trade Names - tab:®, Cap:® Adult Dose - 25 mg/m² IV infusion every 3 weeks, combined with prednisone. Child Dose - Not established; specialist use only. |
Contraindications - Severe renal impairment, Hypersensitivity to gadolinium contrast. Caution - Risk of nephrogenic systemic fibrosis. Avoid - Pregnancy unless necessary. Trade names - MR-Lux® Solution For Inj: Adult dose - 0.1 mmol/kg IV. Child dose - 0.1 mmol/kg IV under specialist supervision. |
Contraindications - Hypersensitivity. Caution - May worsen seizures in epilepsy. Avoid - Pregnancy and breastfeeding unless necessary. Trade names - Neurocarn tab:, tab:®, Cap:® Adult dose - 500–2000 mg/day in divided doses. Child dose - Not established. |
Contraindications - Severe hepatic impairment, Known hypersensitivity. Caution - Risk of bleeding, Cardiac disease. Avoid - Pregnancy, Breastfeeding. Trade names - Nexavar 200mg tab:® Adult dose - 400 mg twice daily. Child dose - Not recommended. |
Contraindications - Hypersensitivity. Caution - Hypertension, QT prolongation. Avoid - Pregnancy, Breastfeeding. Trade names - Lenvatinib 4mg Cap:® (Specialist use only) Adult dose - 8–24 mg once daily. Child dose - Not established. |
Contraindications - Cardiogenic shock, Acute pulmonary edema, Severe hypotension. Caution - Gastrointestinal ulceration, Hypovolemia. Avoid - Pregnancy, Breastfeeding, Low systolic BP. Trade names - NICOVEX-5 tab:, Nicoril 20mg tab:, tab:®, Cap:® Adult dose - 5–20 mg twice daily. Child dose - Not recommended. |
Contraindications - Pregnancy, Hypersensitivity to thalidomide. Caution - Thrombosis risk, Peripheral neuropathy, Sedation. Avoid - Pregnancy (high teratogenicity risk), Breastfeeding. Trade names - tab:®, Cap:® Adult dose - 100–200 mg once daily at bedtime. Child dose - Not recommended. |
Contraindications - Porphyria, Hypersensitivity to porphyrins. Caution - Photosensitivity reactions, Avoid exposure to direct sunlight for at least 30 days. Avoid - Pregnancy, Lactation, UV therapy. Trade names - tab:®, Cap:® Adult dose - 2 mg/kg IV, followed by laser light activation 40–50 hours later. Child dose - Safety and efficacy not established. |
Contraindications - Renal failure, Severe coagulopathy, Known hypersensitivity. Caution - Monitor renal function, coagulation parameters, and fluid status. Avoid - Use in critically ill patients, sepsis. Trade names - Nirhes 130 (6%) for IV Infusion, tab:®, Cap:® Adult dose - 500–1000 mL/day IV (adjusted as per condition). Child dose - Use with extreme caution; dose individualized. |
Contraindications - Severe hypotension, Increased intracranial pressure, Use with PDE5 inhibitors. Caution - May cause headache, dizziness, or hypotension. Avoid - Concurrent use with sildenafil or similar drugs. Trade names - Myonit SR 2.6 tab, Nitrosol aerosol spray, Cap:® Adult dose - Sublingual 0.3–0.6 mg as needed; patch/IV per clinical condition. Child dose - Not routinely used; consult specialist. |
Contraindications - Pregnancy, Hepatic disease, Renal impairment, History of thromboembolic disorders. Caution - Monitor potassium levels in renal impairment. Avoid - Concomitant use with potassium-sparing diuretics. Trade names - Drosperin 3mg tab, tab:®, Cap:® Adult dose - One tablet daily for 21 days starting on day 1 of cycle. Child dose - Not recommended before menarche. |
Contraindications - Hypersensitivity to any components. Caution - Overdose may lead to toxicity (e.g., vitamin A, D). Avoid - Over-supplementation without medical advice. Trade names - BRAND’s Chicken Extract, PROBIOTICS Cap, SUMMER-B12, Supradyn CoQ-10, D3-5 Cap, Chlorophyll Powder, Cartiflex, Icon Fertil, BCAA tab Adult dose - As per formulation and need (typically once daily). Child dose - Child-specific formulations only; consult pediatrician. |
Contraindications - Non-smokers, Hypersensitivity to nicotine. Caution - Use with caution in cardiovascular disease. Avoid - Concurrent use with other nicotine-containing products. Trade names - Oral Nosmok 2mg Lozenges, Nosmok 4mg Lozenges Adult dose - Lozenges: 1 every 1–2 hrs (max 15/day). Child dose - Not recommended under 18 years. |
Contraindications - Renal failure, Coagulopathy, Hypersensitivity. Caution - Monitor renal function, avoid long-term use. Avoid - Use in critically ill patients, including sepsis. Trade names - Nirhes 130 (6%) for IV Infusion. Adult dose - 500–1000 mL/day IV (adjusted per clinical need). Child dose - Use with caution; dosing individualized. |
Contraindications - Severe anemia, Hypotension, PDE5 inhibitors. Caution - May cause headache or syncope. Avoid - Concomitant sildenafil or alcohol. Trade names - Myonit SR 2.6 tab, Nitrosol aerosol spray. Adult dose - Sublingual 0.3–0.6 mg as needed. Child dose - Use with caution in pediatric cardiology. |
Contraindications - Renal impairment, Hepatic dysfunction, Thrombosis. Caution - Monitor potassium levels. Avoid - Concomitant potassium-sparing agents. Trade names - Drosperin 3mg tab. Adult dose - One tablet daily for 21 days per cycle. Child dose - Not recommended before menarche. |
Contraindications - Hypersensitivity, Iron overload. Caution - Use evidence-based supplements; avoid overuse. Avoid - Excessive multivitamin intake. Trade names - BRAND’s Chicken Extract, PROBIOTICS Cap, SUMMER-B12, Supradyn CoQ10, D3-5 Cap, Chlorophyll Powder, Cartiflex, Icon Fertil, BCAA tab Adult dose - Usually once daily, per label. Child dose - Pediatric-specific formulas only. |
Contraindications - Hypersensitivity, Non-smokers, Recent MI. Caution - Cardiovascular disease, Pregnancy. Avoid - Dual nicotine products without medical advice. Trade names - Oral Nosmok 2mg, 4mg Lozenges Adult dose - 1 lozenge every 1–2 hrs (max 15/day). Child dose - Not recommended under 18 years. |
Contraindications - Neutropenia, Hypersensitivity. Caution - Myelosuppression, Fluid retention. Avoid - Use in hepatic dysfunction. Trade names - tab:®, Cap:® Adult dose - 75 mg/m² IV every 3 weeks. Child dose - Not routinely used. |
Contraindications - Severe myelosuppression. Caution - Hypokalaemia, Cardiotoxicity. Avoid - Use in hepatic dysfunction. Trade names - tab:®, Cap:® (Specialist use only) Adult dose - IV infusion based on body surface area. Child dose - Specialist-directed only. |
Contraindications - QT prolongation, Electrolyte imbalances. Caution - Hypokalaemia, ECG monitoring. Avoid - Use in baseline QTc > 500 ms. Trade names - tab:®, Cap:® Adult dose - 0.15 mg/kg IV daily until remission. Child dose - Use under specialist supervision. |
Contraindications - Hypersensitivity, Severe neutropenia. Caution - Myelosuppression, QT prolongation. Avoid - Concurrent QT-prolonging agents. Trade names - tab:®, Cap:® Adult dose - 1.4 mg/m² IV on Days 1 and 8 every 21 days. Child dose - Not established. |
Contraindications - Severe hepatic impairment. Caution - Diarrhea, QT prolongation. Avoid - Use in uncontrolled infection. Trade names - tab:®, Cap:® Adult dose - 20 mg orally, three times/week. Child dose - Not approved in pediatric population. |
Contraindications - Pancreatitis, history of serious thrombosis, hypersensitivity to pegaspargase. Cautions - Coagulopathy, liver dysfunction. Avoid - Concomitant use with live vaccines. Trade names - Oncaspar® (Specialist use only) Adult dose - 2500 IU/m² IV or IM every 14 days. Child dose - 2500 IU/m² IV or IM every 14 days. |
Contraindications - Pregnancy, lactation. Cautions - Hyperlipidaemia, hypothyroidism, liver impairment. Avoid - History of pancreatitis, Hypervitaminosis A, uncontrolled lipid disorders. Trade names - Targretin® Adult dose - 300 mg/m² orally once daily with food. Child dose - Safety and efficacy not established. |
Contraindications - Pregnancy (unless life-threatening condition), hypersensitivity. Cautions - Increased thromboembolism risk, hepatic impairment. Avoid - Vitamin A supplementation, tetracyclines. Trade names - Vesanoid® Adult dose - 45 mg/m²/day in 2 divided doses orally until complete remission. Child dose - Same as adult, adjusted for body surface area. |
Contraindications - Hypersensitivity to mesna. Cautions - Nausea, vomiting, allergic reactions. Avoid - Use in patients not receiving urotoxic chemotherapy. Trade names - Uromitexan® Adult dose - 20% of the ifosfamide dose, IV at time 0, 4, and 8 hours. Child dose - Same as adult, based on body surface area and chemotherapy dose. |
Contraindications - Hypersensitivity. Cautions - Seizure risk, falls, fractures, hypothyroidism. Avoid - Concomitant strong CYP3A4 inducers. Trade names - Erleada® (Specialist use only) Adult dose - 240 mg orally once daily (four 60 mg tablets). Child dose - Not indicated for pediatric use. |
Contraindications - Hypersensitivity to Degarelix or any component of the formulation. Cautions - Diabetes, cardiovascular disease, QT prolongation. Avoid - Use in women, children, or adolescents. Trade names - Firmagon® Adult dose - Initial dose: 240 mg SC (two 120 mg injections), followed by 80 mg SC every 28 days. Child dose - Not indicated for use in pediatric patients. |
Cautions - Cardiac disorders, Bradycardia, Patients with carcinoid tumours, Obstructive intestinal tumour. Trade names - Somatuline Autogel® Adult dose - 60 to 120 mg every 28 days by deep SC injection. Child dose - Not established. |
Cautions - QT prolongation, Diabetes, Hepatic impairment. Trade names - Signifor®, Signifor LAR® Adult dose - 600 mcg SC twice daily (Cushing’s), or 40 mg IM every 4 weeks (Acromegaly). Child dose - Not recommended. |
Trade names - Faslodex® Adult dose - 500 mg IM on days 0, 14, 28, then every 28 days. Child dose - Not indicated. |
Trade names - Fareston® Adult dose - 60 mg orally once daily. Child dose - Not applicable. |
Trade names - Exemestane Alvogen® Adult dose - 25 mg orally once daily after a meal. Child dose - Not established. |
Trade names - Femara® Adult dose - 2.5 mg orally once daily. Child dose - Not approved. |
Trade names - Imlygic® Adult dose - Up to 4 mL of 10^6 PFU/mL initially, then 10^8 PFU/mL every 2 weeks. Child dose - Not studied. |
Trade names - Intron A®, Roferon-A® Adult dose - Varies by indication; typically 3-10 million IU SC or IM several times weekly. Child dose - Dosing individualized based on condition and weight. |
Trade names - Actimmune® Adult dose - 50 mcg/m² SC three times weekly. Child dose - Same as adult (based on BSA). |
Contraindications - Organ transplant recipients, significant cardiac or pulmonary impairment, active infections, seizures. Cautions - Autoimmune diseases, elderly patients, hypotension, capillary leak syndrome. Avoid - Concomitant corticosteroids unless essential. Trade names - Proleukin® Adult dose - 600,000 IU/kg (37 mcg/kg) IV over 15 min every 8 hours for up to 14 doses per cycle; repeat cycles per response. Child dose - Not approved; specialist use in clinical settings only. |
Contraindications - Immunosuppression, active tuberculosis, gross hematuria, recent bladder trauma. Cautions - Elderly, febrile illness, urinary tract infections, bladder catheterization risks. Avoid - Systemic administration, immunocompromised patients. Trade names - OncoTICE®, BCG-Medac® Adult dose - 50 mg in 50 ml saline intravesically once weekly for 6 weeks (induction), followed by maintenance therapy as required. Child dose - Not established; use only in clinical trials. |
Contraindications - Hypersensitivity to mifamurtide or liposomal formulation components. Cautions - Autoimmune disorders, inflammatory conditions, cardiovascular disease. Avoid - Concurrent immunosuppressive therapy (e.g., cyclosporine, corticosteroids). Trade names - Mepact® Adult dose - Not recommended for adults >30 years. Child dose - 2 mg/m² IV over 1 hour twice weekly for 12 weeks, then once weekly for 24 weeks (total 48 infusions). |
Contraindications - Pregnancy, hypersensitivity to pomalidomide, thalidomide, or lenalidomide. Cautions - Risk of thrombosis, neutropenia, liver impairment, neuropathy. Avoid - Use in pregnancy, breastfeeding, and live vaccines during therapy. Trade names - Pomalyst® Adult dose - 4 mg orally once daily on days 1–21 of each 28-day cycle with dexamethasone. Child dose - Not approved for pediatric use. |
Contraindications - Hypersensitivity to temoporfin, porphyria. Cautions - Liver impairment, skin photosensitivity, porphyrin metabolism disorders. Avoid - Pregnancy, breastfeeding, strong sunlight for at least 30 days post-treatment. Trade Names - Foscan® Adult Dose - 0.15 mg/kg IV, followed 96 hours later by light activation (~75 J/cm² to tumor). Child Dose - Not established; specialist use only. |
Contraindications - Hypersensitivity to binimetinib. Cautions - Cardiotoxicity, interstitial lung disease, ophthalmic events, liver enzyme elevation. Avoid - Pregnancy, breastfeeding. Trade Names - Mektovi® Adult Dose - 45 mg orally twice daily in combination therapy. Child Dose - Not recommended. |
Contraindications - Hypersensitivity to bosutinib. Cautions - Hepatic impairment, cardiac arrhythmias, diarrhoea/dehydration risk. Avoid - Pregnancy, breastfeeding. Trade Names - Bosulif® Adult Dose - 400 mg orally once daily; may increase to 500 mg daily based on tolerance. Child Dose - Not established; specialist use only. |
Contraindications - Hypersensitivity. Cautions - Interstitial lung disease, hypertension, bradycardia, hepatic impairment. Avoid - Pregnancy, breastfeeding. Trade Names - Alunbrig® Adult Dose - 90 mg once daily for 7 days, then increase to 180 mg daily. Child Dose - Not recommended. |
Contraindications - Hypersensitivity. Cautions - Gastrointestinal perforation, bleeding risk, hypertension, liver impairment. Avoid - Pregnancy, breastfeeding. Trade Names - Cabometyx® (RCC), Cometriq® (MTC) Adult Dose - 140 mg daily for MTC; 60 mg daily for RCC. Child Dose - Not recommended. |
Contraindications - Hypersensitivity. Cautions - Hepatotoxicity, gastrointestinal perforation, QT prolongation. Avoid - Pregnancy, breastfeeding. Trade Names - Zykadia® Adult Dose - 450 mg once daily with food. Child Dose - Not recommended. |
Contraindications - Hypersensitivity. Cautions - Cardiotoxicity, ocular toxicity, photosensitivity, liver enzyme elevations. Avoid - Pregnancy, breastfeeding. Trade Names - Cotellic® Adult Dose - 60 mg once daily on days 1–21 of each 28-day cycle, combined with vemurafenib. Child Dose - Not recommended. |
Contraindications - Hypersensitivity to crizotinib. Cautions - Hepatic impairment, bradycardia, QT prolongation, visual disturbances. Avoid - Pregnancy, breastfeeding. Trade Names - Xalkori® Adult Dose - 250 mg orally twice daily. Child Dose - Recommended for ≥12 years: 280 mg/m² twice daily (max 250 mg BD). |
Contraindications - Hypersensitivity to dabrafenib. Cautions - Hyperglycaemia, fever, cutaneous squamous cell carcinoma, uveitis. Avoid - Pregnancy, breastfeeding. Trade Names - Tafinlar® Adult Dose - 150 mg orally twice daily, on empty stomach. Child Dose - For ≥1 year (with BRAF mutation): 4.5 mg/kg/day in divided doses. |
Contraindications - Hypersensitivity to dasatinib. Cautions - Myelosuppression, fluid retention, pulmonary arterial hypertension. Avoid - Pregnancy, breastfeeding. Trade Names - Sprycel® Adult Dose - 100 mg once daily (CML), 140 mg once daily (Ph+ ALL). Child Dose - 60–100 mg/m² once daily (based on body surface area). |
Contraindications - Hypersensitivity to encorafenib. Cautions - QT prolongation, liver enzyme elevation, hemorrhage. Avoid - Pregnancy, breastfeeding. Trade Names - Braftovi® Adult Dose - 450 mg once daily (melanoma); 300 mg once daily (CRC). Child Dose - Not recommended. |
Contraindications - Hypersensitivity to erlotinib. Cautions - Interstitial lung disease, hepatic/renal impairment, smoking (↓ efficacy). Avoid - Pregnancy, breastfeeding. Trade Names - Erlotec® Adult Dose - 150 mg daily (NSCLC); 100 mg daily (pancreatic cancer). Child Dose - Not established. |
Contraindications - Hypersensitivity to everolimus or other rapamycin derivatives. Cautions - Immunosuppression, infection risk, stomatitis, metabolic disturbances. Avoid - Pregnancy, breastfeeding. Trade Names - Afinitor®, Certican® (transplant) Adult Dose - 10 mg once daily (oncology); 0.75–1.5 mg twice daily (transplant). Child Dose - Variable; adjust by indication and body surface area. |
Contraindications - Hypersensitivity to gefitinib. Cautions - Interstitial lung disease, hepatic impairment, eye disorders. Avoid - Pregnancy, breastfeeding. Trade Names - Iressa® Adult Dose - 250 mg orally once daily, with or without food. Child Dose - Not established. |
Contraindications - Hypersensitivity to ibrutinib. Cautions - Bleeding disorders, atrial fibrillation, hypertension, infections. Avoid - Pregnancy, breastfeeding. Trade Names - Imbruvica® Adult Dose - 420 mg to 560 mg orally once daily depending on indication. Child Dose - Not recommended (under investigation for pediatric use). |
Contraindications - Severe hepatic impairment. Cautions - Colitis, pneumonitis, hepatotoxicity, neutropenia. Avoid - Pregnancy, breastfeeding. Trade Names - Zydelig® Adult Dose - 150 mg orally twice daily. Child Dose - Not recommended. |
Contraindications - Hypersensitivity to imatinib. Cautions - Hepatic/renal impairment, fluid retention, myelosuppression. Avoid - Pregnancy, breastfeeding. Trade Names - Glivec®, Imatib® Adult Dose - 400–600 mg/day depending on indication. Child Dose - 260–340 mg/m²/day depending on condition. |
Contraindications - Hypersensitivity to lapatinib. Cautions - Hepatotoxicity, cardiac toxicity, diarrhea, pulmonary toxicity. Avoid - Pregnancy, breastfeeding. Trade Names - Tykerb® Adult Dose - 1,250 mg orally once daily (breast cancer regimen). Child Dose - Not recommended. |
Contraindications - Hypersensitivity to midostaurin. Cautions - QT prolongation, neutropenia, nausea/vomiting, infections, renal impairment. Avoid - Pregnancy, breastfeeding. Trade Names - Rydapt® Adult Dose - 50 mg twice daily with food (mastocytosis); 50 mg twice daily (days 8–21 of induction/consolidation chemotherapy for AML). Child Dose - Not recommended. |
Contraindications - Hypersensitivity, long QT syndrome, hypokalaemia/hypomagnesaemia. Cautions - QT prolongation, hepatic impairment, metabolic disturbances. Avoid - Pregnancy, breastfeeding. Trade Names - Tasigna® Adult Dose - 300 mg twice daily (newly diagnosed), 400 mg twice daily (resistant/intolerant cases). Child Dose - ≥1 year: dosing based on body surface area, max 400 mg/m²/day. |
Avoid - Not specified. Cautions - Initiate under specialist supervision. Trade Names - Ofev®, Vargatef® Adult Dose - 150 mg twice daily orally (or as directed by a specialist). Child Dose - Not established. |
Avoid - Not specified. Cautions - Specialist use only. Trade Names - Tagrisso® Adult Dose - 80 mg once daily orally. Child Dose - Not established. |
Avoid - Not specified. Cautions - Initiate by a specialist. Trade Names - Ibrance® Adult Dose - 125 mg once daily orally for 21 days followed by 7 days off (28-day cycle). Child Dose - Not established. |
Avoid - Not specified. Cautions - Use with monitoring. Trade Names - Votrient® Adult Dose - 800 mg once daily orally. Child Dose - Not established. |
Avoid - Not specified. Cautions - Specialist initiation required. Trade Names - Iclusig® Adult Dose - 45 mg once daily orally. Child Dose - Not established. |
Contraindications - None absolute, but avoid in patients with QT prolongation or strong CYP3A4 inhibitors. Cautions - QT prolongation, hepatic impairment, neutropenia, infections. Avoid - Pregnancy, breastfeeding; strong CYP3A4 modulators. Trade Names - Kisqali® Drug Interactions - CYP3A4 substrates/inhibitors/inducers, QT‑prolonging drugs, tamoxifen, hormonal therapies. Adult Dose - 600 mg orally once daily for 21 days on, 7 days off per 28-day cycle. Child Dose - Not established; not recommended under 18 years. |
Contraindications - None absolute, avoid in severe cytopenias. Cautions - Infections, cytopenias (anemia, thrombocytopenia), hepatic impairment. Avoid - Pregnancy, breastfeeding; strong CYP3A4 and CYP2C9 inhibitors. Trade Names - Jakavi® Drug Interactions - CYP3A4/2C9 inhibitors/inducers, live vaccines. Adult Dose - 15–20 mg twice daily orally (dose adjusted by platelet count). Child Dose - Not established; use only in clinical trials. |
Contraindications - Pregnancy, breastfeeding, severe renal or hepatic impairment, immunodeficiency, bone marrow suppression, active infections. Cautions - Renal impairment, hepatic impairment, elderly patients, alcoholism, peptic ulcer disease, ulcerative stomatitis. Avoid - Pregnancy, breastfeeding. Trade names - Methotrexate® tab, Cap Drug interactions - NSAIDs, penicillins, sulfonamides, proton pump inhibitors, trimethoprim, live vaccines. Adult dose - Varies by indication; typical rheumatoid arthritis dose: 7.5–25 mg once weekly (oral or injectable). Child dose - Depends on indication; often 10–15 mg/m² once weekly, dose adjusted per disease. |
Contraindications - None absolute; severe hepatic impairment. Cautions - Cardiac dysfunction, hypertension, hemorrhage, thyroid dysfunction, hepatic/renal impairment. Avoid - Pregnancy, breastfeeding; strong CYP3A4 inhibitors/inducers. Trade Names - Sutent® Drug Interactions - CYP3A4 modulators, QT‑prolonging agents, anticoagulants. Adult Dose - 50 mg orally once daily for 4 weeks on, 2 weeks off per 6-week cycle. Child Dose - Not established; pediatric dosing in trials only. |
Contraindications - Hypersensitivity to temsirolimus, severe hepatic impairment. Cautions - Infections, hyperglycemia, hyperlipidemia, interstitial lung disease. Avoid - Pregnancy, breastfeeding; strong CYP3A4 inhibitors/inducers. Trade Names - Torisel® Drug Interactions - CYP3A4 modulators, live vaccines, P-gp substrates. Adult Dose - 25 mg IV once weekly. Child Dose - Not established; not recommended under 18 years. |
Contraindications - None absolute; severe hepatic impairment. Cautions - Hypertension, cardiac events, hepatotoxicity, proteinuria. Avoid - Pregnancy, breastfeeding; strong CYP3A4 inhibitors/inducers. Trade Names - Fotivda® Drug Interactions - CYP3A4 modulators, anticoagulants. Adult Dose - 1.34 mg orally once daily on 21 days on, 7 days off per 28-day cycle. Child Dose - Not established. |
Contraindications - None absolute: avoid in cardiac dysfunction. Cautions - Cardiomyopathy, retinal disorders, interstitial lung disease, hepatic impairment. Avoid - Pregnancy, breastfeeding; strong CYP3A4 inducers. Trade Names - Mekinist® Drug Interactions - CYP3A4 modulators, antibiotics, anticoagulants. Adult Dose - 2 mg orally once daily. Child Dose - Not established. |
Contraindications - Congenital long QT syndrome, uncontrolled arrhythmias. Cautions - QT prolongation, diarrhea, hypertension, hepatic impairment. Avoid - Pregnancy, breastfeeding; strong CYP3A4 modulators. Trade Names - Caprelsa® Drug Interactions - QT‑prolonging drugs, CYP3A4 modulators, warfarin. Adult Dose - 300 mg orally once daily. Child Dose - |
Contraindications - QT prolongation, prior non-melanoma skin cancer. Cautions - Photosensitivity, dermatologic reactions, hepatic impairment. Avoid - Pregnancy, breastfeeding; strong CYP3A4 modulators. Trade Names - Zelboraf® Drug Interactions - CYP3A4 modulators, rifampicin, warfarin. Adult Dose - 960 mg orally twice daily. Child Dose - Not established. |
Contraindications - Not specified. Cautions - Ventricular arrhythmia risk, hepatic or renal impairment. Avoid - Ventricular arrhythmia, Pregnancy, Breastfeeding, Hepatic impairment, Renal impairment. Trade Names - tab:®, Cap:® Drug Interactions - Not specified. Adult Dose - Not specified. Child Dose - Not specified. |
Contraindications - Severe renal impairment; Pregnancy unless essential; Breastfeeding. Cautions - Peptic ulcer disease, hepatic impairment; monitor for hypersensitivity & liver function. Avoid - Severe renal impairment; Pregnancy unless essential; Breastfeeding. Trade Names - Granules:® Drug Interactions - Not specified. Adult Dose - 4 g every 8 hours (max 12 g/day), usually for 24 months. Child Dose - Not specified. |
Contraindications - Not specified. Cautions - Hepatic impairment, inflammatory bowel disease, hypersensitivity. Avoid - Pregnancy, Breastfeeding. Trade Names - tab:®, Cap:® Drug Interactions - Not specified. Adult Dose - Not specified. Child Dose - Not specified. |
Contraindications - None absolute—use only if benefit > risk in pregnancy; caution in hepatic/renal impairment. Cautions - Obesity. Avoid - Not specified. Side Effects - Anemia, anxiety, asthenia, constipation, diarrhea, dizziness, fever, GI discomfort, headache, insomnia, hypotension, hypertension. Trade Names - tab:®, Cap:® Drug Interactions - Use with other antibacterials as appropriate; none specifically noted. Adult Dose - Not specified. Child Dose - Not specified. |
Contraindications - Renal impairment. Cautions - Not specified. Avoid - Renal impairment. Trade Names - tab:®, Cap:® Drug Interactions - Not specified. Adult Dose - Not specified. Child Dose - Not specified. |
Contraindications - Cautions - Alcoholism; hepatic/renal impairment; photosensitivity. Avoid - Side Effects - Dyspnea, hypotension, edema, tachycardia, GI discomfort, esophagitis, photosensitivity. Trade Names - Doxacil®, Microdox® Drug Interactions - Antacids, iron, oral contraceptives, warfarin, retinoids. Adult Dose - Initial: 200 mg on Day 1 (single or divided), then 100 mg once daily. Child Dose - >8 yrs: 2.2 mg/kg every 12 h (max 200 mg/day). |
Contraindications - Pure red cell aplasia; uncontrolled hypertension; known hypersensitivity. Cautions - Hypertension; risk of thrombosis; iron deficiency; cardiovascular disease; seizure disorders. Avoid - Active malignancy (may accelerate tumour progression); inadequate iron stores. Trade Names - Binocrit®, Silapo®, Retacrit® Drug Interactions - May reduce efficacy of ACE inhibitors; monitor during simultaneous use of warfarin or other anticoagulants. Adult Dose - Initial: 25–50 IU/kg subcutaneously 3× weekly or 4000 IU once weekly; adjust based on Hb response; avoid >13 g/dL. Child Dose - Limited data; dosing individualised (approx. 25 IU/kg 3× weekly) with close monitoring. |
Contraindications - Active unresolved Neisseria meningitidis infection; hypersensitivity. Cautions - Infection risk—especially meningococcal; vaccination status; monitor renal/hematologic status. Avoid - Unvaccinated against meningococcus; pregnancy unless benefit outweighs risk; breastfeeding. Trade Names - Soliris®, Ultomiris® Drug Interactions - No significant CYP interactions; immunosuppressants may increase infection risk. Adult Dose - Initial 600 mg IV weekly × 4 doses, then 900 mg IV every 2 weeks for PNH; for aHUS: 900 mg IV weekly × 4, then 1200 mg IV every 2 weeks. Child Dose - |
Contraindications - Iron overload; hypersensitivity to iron edetate. Cautions - Gastrointestinal disorders; chronic disease; monitor iron indices. Avoid - Use with high dietary calcium or antacids; separate dosing. Trade Names - Feraccru®, Ferrex® (oral solutions) Drug Interactions - Antacids, H₂-blockers, proton-pump inhibitors reduce absorption. Adult Dose - 100–200 mg elemental iron daily; adjust based on response. Child Dose - 1–3 mg/kg/day elemental iron; specialist guidance recommended. |
Contraindications - Hypersensitivity; early Leber’s disease (risk optic atrophy progression). Cautions - Monitor folate status; may interfere with some lab tests (e.g. folate, creatinine). Avoid - No special avoidance; pregnancy/breastfeeding beneficial. Trade Names - Cobalin‑M®, Hydroxocobex® Drug Interactions - No significant known interactions; chloramphenicol may antagonize effect. Adult Dose - 1000 µg IM or IV daily ×7 days, then weekly ×4 weeks, then monthly. Child Dose - IM 50–100 µg/kg (max 1000 µg) daily for 7 days, then monthly maintenance. |
Contraindications - Severe renal/hepatic impairment; hypersensitivity. Cautions - Monitor renal and hepatic function; GI ulcer history; skin rash; elderly higher risk. Avoid - Pregnancy and breastfeeding unless benefits outweigh risk. Trade Names - Exjade®, Jadenu® Drug Interactions - May increase levels of hepatotoxic agents; avoid NSAIDs/aminoglycosides; monitor concomitant chelation. Adult Dose - 20 mg/kg orally once daily; adjust per serum ferritin or liver iron (range 5–30 mg/kg). Child Dose - |
Contraindications - Hypersensitivity to E. coli‑derived proteins; myeloid malignancies. Cautions - Bone pain; splenomegaly; sickle cell disease; monitor CBC. Avoid - Active leukemia progression. Trade Names - Granocyte®, Lenos®, Neutrograst® Drug Interactions - May mask infection signs in antibiotics; use cautiously with chemotherapeutics. Adult Dose - 5–10 µg/kg/day SC starting 24 h after chemo until neutrophil recovery. Child Dose - 5 µg/kg/day SC (up to 10 µg/kg) under specialist pediatric protocols. |
Contraindications - Hypersensitivity to filgrastim or pegfilgrastim. Cautions - Monitor CBC and spleen size; bone pain; caution with sickle cell anaemia. Avoid - None specified beyond contraindications. Trade Names - Neulasta®, Lonquex® Drug Interactions - No known significant interactions. Adult Dose - 6 mg SC once per chemotherapy cycle (24 h post‑chemo). Child Dose - Not routinely recommended (limited pediatric use). |
Contraindications - Hypersensitivity to plerixafor or excipients. Cautions - Splenic enlargement; monitor WBC and spleen size. Avoid - Pregnancy and breastfeeding unless clearly needed. Trade Names - Mozobil® Drug Interactions - No major CYP interactions; caution with G‑CSF overlapping effects. Adult Dose - 0.24 mg/kg SC daily evening before apheresis, continued until completion of collection. Child Dose - Not established; occasional pediatric use under specialist care. |
Contraindications - Severe cardiac disease, uncontrolled hypertension. Cautions - Heart failure, tachyarrhythmias, hepatic or renal impairment. Avoid - Pregnancy, Breastfeeding. Trade Names - Agrylin® Drug Interactions - CYP1A2 inhibitors (e.g. fluvoxamine), other antiplatelet/anticoagulant agents. Adult Dose - 0.5 mg orally twice daily, may increase to 1–3 mg/day (max 10 mg/day) under specialist supervision. Child Dose - Not established (not recommended). |
Contraindications - Pregnancy unless benefit outweighs risk; hepatic impairment. Cautions - Hepatotoxicity; thromboembolism risk; cataracts; monitor liver function. Avoid - Breastfeeding. Trade Names - Revolade® Drug Interactions - Calcium‑containing products (reduce absorption), eltrombopag levels inhibited; avoid concurrent hepatotoxic drugs. Adult Dose - 50 mg orally once daily; adjust to 25–75 mg based on platelet response. Child Dose - Not routinely recommended; specialist pediatric dosing when used. |
Contraindications - Hypersensitivity to romiplostim or its components. Cautions - Risk of bone marrow fibrosis; rebound thrombocytopenia; monitor platelet counts. Avoid - Pregnancy, Breastfeeding unless benefit outweighs risk. Trade Names - Nplate® Drug Interactions - No significant CYP interactions; concurrent antiplatelet/anticoagulant use needs caution. Adult Dose - 1 μg/kg subcutaneously weekly; adjust up to 10 μg/kg to maintain platelet counts ≥50×10⁹/L. Child Dose - 2–5 μg/kg/week subcutaneously under specialist supervision. |
Contraindications - None absolute—but systemic use caution in fluid retention states. Cautions - Cardiac failure, hypertension, pulmonary or peripheral oedema; monitor fluid status. Avoid - Use conservatively in fluid-overloaded states. Trade Names - Normal Saline®, Physioneal® Drug Interactions - May dilute effect of other topical medications; no systemic drug interactions. Adult Dose - Topical/ocular: as required; IV: 0.9% saline per clinical need. Child Dose - As per weight-based maintenance or clinical indication. |
Contraindications - None relative when clinically indicated; hyperglycaemia states avoided unless treat hypoglycaemia. Cautions - Use cautiously in uncontrolled diabetes; monitor blood glucose levels. Avoid - Not part of fluid replacement in hyperglycaemia conditions. Trade Names - Glucol®, Dex4® Drug Interactions - May affect absorption or action of oral hypoglycaemics; adjust insulin therapy. Adult Dose - Oral: 15–20 g (approx. 3–4 teaspoons) for hypoglycaemia; IV DKA: as part of D5W/normal saline per protocol. Child Dose - Hypoglycaemia: 0.5–1 g/kg oral; neonatal DKA: weight-based IV per guidelines. |
Contraindications - Hypersensitivity to cinacalcet; hypocalcaemia. Cautions - Monitor calcium; risk of hypocalcaemia. Avoid - Severe hypocalcaemia; pregnancy; breastfeeding. Trade Names - Sensipar®, Mimpara® Drug Interactions - CYP3A4, CYP2D6, and CYP1A2 inhibitors/inducers may alter levels; co‑admin with calcium or vitamin D alters effect. Adult Dose - Initially 30 mg orally once daily; titrate to 60–180 mg daily based on PTH and calcium. Child Dose - Not established (not recommended under 18 years). |
Contraindications - Hypersensitivity to etelcalcetide; hypocalcaemia. Cautions - Monitor calcium post-dose; adjust dialysate calcium. Avoid - Hypocalcaemia; pregnancy; breastfeeding. Trade Names - Parsabiv® Drug Interactions - May enhance hypocalcaemic effect of other calcium-lowering agents. Adult Dose - 5 mg IV three times weekly at end of haemodialysis; titrate up to 15 mg. Child Dose - Not established (not recommended under 18 years). |
Contraindications - Hypercalcaemia; ventricular fibrillation. Cautions - IV extravasation risk; cardiac monitoring advised. Avoid - Respiratory failure; digoxin therapy. Trade Names - CalciCl®, Calcium Chloride Injection USP Drug Interactions - May potentiate digitalis; antagonizes tetracyclines, bisphosphonates. Adult Dose - 100–200 mg elemental calcium IV slowly (2–4 mL of 10% solution over 5–10 min); repeat as needed. Child Dose - 20 mg/kg elemental calcium IV slowly (max 1 g/dose). |
Contraindications - None absolute; avoid in severe anemia without volume need. Cautions - Cardiac failure; severe anemia; use cautiously to avoid volume overload. Avoid - Severe fluid overload without circulatory need. Trade Names - Albutein®, Plasbumin® Drug Interactions - No significant drug binding; may affect albumin-bound drug levels. Adult Dose - 100–200 mL IV 20% or 4–5% depending on indication; repeat per clinical response. Child Dose - 10–20 mL/kg IV depending on volume deficit. |
Contraindications - Known allergy to gelatin products. Cautions - Cardiac disease; liver failure; renal impairment; monitor coagulation. Avoid - Pregnancy; hepatic impairment; severe coagulopathy. Trade Names - Voluven®, Gelofusine® Drug Interactions - May interfere with blood typing and coagulation tests. Adult Dose - 500–1000 mL of 3.5–4% solution IV; repeat as needed. Child Dose - 10–20 mL/kg IV; monitor hemodynamics. |
Contraindications - Burns; cerebral hemorrhage; sepsis; severe coagulopathy; renal failure requiring dialysis. Cautions - Critically ill; dehydration; cardiac failure; monitor coagulation and renal function. Avoid - Intracranial hemorrhage; burns; sepsis; pulmonary edema. Trade Names - Tetraspan®, Hextend® Drug Interactions - May potentiate anticoagulants and affect acid-base balance. Adult Dose - 250–500 mL IV per bolus; total up to 20 mL/kg/day. Child Dose - Not routinely recommended; specialist guidance required. |
Contraindications - Severe renal impairment. Cautions - Use with caution in mild renal impairment. Avoid - Severe renal impairment. Trade Names - MagnesiTab®, AspaMag® Drug Interactions - May interact with antibiotics (e.g., tetracyclines, quinolones), bisphosphonates, levothyroxine. Adult Dose - Typically 250–500 mg elemental magnesium daily in divided doses. Child Dose - Not established; use pediatric formulations based on weight. |
Contraindications - High-degree heart block; myocardial damage with calcium deficiency. Cautions - Oral use in elderly/debilitated; monitor renal function and reflexes. Avoid - Oral use in elderly and debilitated patients. Trade Names - EpsomTab®, MagSul® Drug Interactions - Enhances neuromuscular blockade; increased effect with calcium channel blockers, aminoglycosides. Adult Dose - IV: 1–4 g over 15–60 min (as indicated); Oral for bowel prep: ~10–20 g. Child Dose - IV: 25–50 mg/kg (max 2 g/dose); oral not routinely recommended. |
Contraindications - Not specified. Cautions - Monitor for iron overload; use caution in bowel obstruction. Avoid - None specified; consult nephrologist. Trade Names - Velphoro® Drug Interactions - May bind other oral medications; separate dosing by ≥2 h. Adult Dose - 500 mg (one tablet) with each meal; titrate to phosphorus. Child Dose - Not established in pediatric patients. |
Contraindications - Hypocalcaemia, intestinal obstruction, fecal impaction. Cautions - Use cautiously in edema, CHF, hypertension. Avoid - Hyperparathyroidism; obstructive bowel disease. Trade Names - CalciRes®, Kalimate® Drug Interactions - May reduce absorption of digoxin, lithium, tetracyclines; separate by ≥3 h. Adult Dose - 15 g orally 1–4 times daily. Child Dose - Not routinely recommended; use under specialist guidance. |
Contraindications - Hypomagnesaemia; bowel obstruction. Cautions - Monitor electrolytes; separate administration of other oral meds by ≥3 h. Avoid - Not specified; caution with gastrointestinal motility disorders. Trade Names - Veltassa® Drug Interactions - May interact with ciprofloxacin, levothyroxine, metformin; administer ≥3 h apart. Adult Dose - 8.4 g once daily with food; adjust based on serum K⁺. Child Dose - Not established in pediatric patients. |
Contraindications - Severe renal impairment, hyperkalaemia, metabolic alkalosis. Cautions - Cardiac disease; elderly; caution in sodium-sensitive patients. Avoid - Renal insufficiency with oliguria; untreated heart failure. Trade Names - Kaloride®, Potasforte® Drug Interactions - ACE‑inhibitors, potassium‑sparing diuretics, NSAIDs increase risk of hyperkalaemia. Adult Dose - 20–40 mEq orally 2–4 times daily. Child Dose - Not routinely recommended; use pediatric formulations and monitoring. |
Contraindications - None absolute; caution in anaphylaxis to blood products. Cautions - Monitor iron load with repeated use; infusion-related reactions. Avoid - None specified; use immediately on porphyrin attack. Trade Names - Panhematin® Drug Interactions - Phenytoin, barbiturates may reduce effectiveness; avoid triggering agents concurrently. Adult Dose - 3–4 mg/kg IV once daily for 3–4 days. Child Dose - Use weight-based dosing similar to adult (3–4 mg/kg/day); specialist guidance required. |
Contraindications - None specified. Cautions - Diabetes mellitus (may increase insulin requirements). Avoid - Not specified. Trade Names - Carnitor®, Levocardyl® Drug Interactions - L-carnitine may enhance effects of thyroid hormones and anticoagulants. Adult Dose - 50–100 mg/kg/day in divided doses (up to 3 g/day). Child Dose - 50–100 mg/kg/day in divided doses. |
Contraindications - None specified. Cautions - Gastrointestinal symptoms, CNS effects; specialist monitoring. Avoid - Not specified. Trade Names - Cystagon®, Procysbi® Drug Interactions - Anticholinergics may reduce absorption; caution with proton pump inhibitors. Adult Dose - Immediate release: 1.30 g/m²/day in divided doses every 6 hours; extended-release per label. Child Dose - Same mg/m² dosing, adjusted by weight/age. |
Contraindications - None known. Cautions - May elevate cholesterol and GI upset; specialist monitoring. Avoid - Not specified. Trade Names - Cystadane® Drug Interactions - Lowers folate/homocysteine; may interact with methionine metabolism. Adult Dose - 3 g orally twice daily. Child Dose - Same, adjusted per body weight. |
Contraindications - None specified. Cautions - Injection site reactions; monitor calcium/phosphate. Avoid - Not specified. Trade Names - Strensiq® Drug Interactions - No major interactions known; monitor use with vitamin D/calcium. Adult Dose - Not established for adults. Child Dose - 2 mg/kg three times per week (subcutaneous) or as specialist-determined. |
Contraindications - None specified. Cautions - Elderly or patients with comorbidities; monitor for infusion reactions. Avoid - Not specified. Trade Names - Vimizim® Drug Interactions - No known drug interactions; monitor carbohydrate-containing infusions. Adult Dose - 2 mg/kg IV once weekly. Child Dose - Same as adult (weight-based dosing). |
Contraindications - None specified. Cautions - Monitor for infusion-related hypersensitivity. Avoid - Not specified. Trade Names - Naglazyme® Drug Interactions - No major interactions identified. Adult Dose - 1 mg/kg IV once weekly. Child Dose - 1 mg/kg IV once weekly. |
Contraindications - None specified. Cautions - Infusion-related respiratory illness; monitor for anaphylaxis. Avoid - Not specified. Trade Names - Elaprase® Drug Interactions - No major documented interactions. Adult Dose - 0.5 mg/kg IV once weekly. Child Dose - 0.5 mg/kg IV once weekly. |
Contraindications - None specified. Cautions - Infusion reactions possible—monitor during administration. Avoid - Not specified. Trade Names - Aldurazyme® Drug Interactions - No significant interactions known. Adult Dose - 100 units/kg IV once weekly. Child Dose - 100 units/kg IV once weekly. |
Contraindications - None specified. Cautions - Diarrhea, weight loss; monitor gastrointestinal and neurological status. Avoid - Not specified; contraception required during treatment. Trade Names - Zavesca® Drug Interactions - Acarbose (increased GI effects); CYP enzymes not significant. Adult Dose - 200 mg orally three times daily. Child Dose - Not established (use in children requires specialist assessment). |
Contraindications - None specified. Cautions - Infusion-associated reactions; premedicate as needed; monitor cardiac and respiratory function. Avoid - None specific; specialist use only. Trade Names - Myozyme®, Lumizyme® Drug Interactions - No known major drug interactions. Adult Dose - 20 mg/kg by IV infusion every 2 weeks. Child Dose - 20 mg/kg IV every 2 weeks (same dosing in pediatric patients). |
Contraindications - None specified. Cautions - Elevated tyrosine levels → corneal crystals; monitor ocular health and amino acid levels. Avoid - None specific; specialist use only. Trade Names - Orfadin® Drug Interactions - No significant CYP interactions; monitor hepatotoxic drugs. Adult Dose - 0.5 mg/kg/day orally (often rounded to capsule dose). Child Dose - Same mg/kg dosing; specialist dose adjustment required. |
Contraindications - Active severe infection; hypersensitivity to golimumab. Cautions - Active infection (e.g., TB); hepatitis B reactivation; immunosuppression; live vaccines. Avoid - Decompensated heart failure. Trade Names - Simponi® Drug Interactions - Other biologics or immunosuppressants; live vaccines. Adult Dose - 50 mg subcutaneously every 4 weeks. Child Dose - Not established (use only under specialist supervision). |
Contraindications - Hypersensitivity to IV iron; anemia not from iron deficiency. Cautions - First trimester pregnancy; risk of hypotension; monitor phosphate. Avoid - First trimester use unless essential. Trade Names - Ferinject®, Injectafer® Drug Interactions - May reduce absorption of oral tetracyclines and levothyroxine. Adult Dose - 1000 mg IV single or divided dose. Child Dose - Not established—specialist supervision. |
Contraindications - Hypersensitivity to carglumic acid or any excipients. Cautions - Monitor plasma ammonia levels; consider dietary protein restriction; use with caution in hepatic or renal impairment. Avoid - Concurrent use with other ammonia-scavenging therapies without medical supervision. Trade Names - tab: Carbaglu® Drug Interactions - No significant known drug interactions, but caution with concurrent ammonia-lowering agents. Adult Dose - Initial: 100–250 mg/kg/day in 2–4 divided doses, adjusted based on plasma ammonia concentration and clinical condition. Child Dose - Same as adult: 100–250 mg/kg/day in 2–4 divided doses; maintenance dose may be lowered individually. |
Contraindications - Hypersensitivity to glycerol phenylbutyrate or any component of the formulation. Cautions - Monitor ammonia and glutamine levels regularly; use with caution in patients with hepatic impairment. Avoid - Use only under specialist supervision. Trade Names - tab: Buphenyl® (Specialist use only) Drug Interactions - No major interactions known; monitor for additive effects with other ammonia-lowering agents. Adult Dose - Dose individualized based on body surface area and ammonia levels; typical starting dose is approximately 17.4 mL/m²/day divided into 3 doses. Child Dose - Dose individualized similarly to adults; usually based on body surface area with close monitoring. |
Contraindications - Known hypersensitivity to sodium phenylbutyrate or any excipients. Cautions - Monitor plasma ammonia and amino acid levels regularly; use with caution in hepatic impairment and renal dysfunction. Use Restrictions - To be initiated and supervised by a metabolic or specialist physician only. Trade Names - tab: Buphenyl®, Pheburane® (Specialist use only) Drug Interactions - May interact with corticosteroids, valproate, and haloperidol; may affect potassium levels. Adult Dose - Oral: Typically 9.9–13 g/day in divided doses, based on body surface area (approx. 450–600 mg/kg/day). Child Dose - Oral: 450–600 mg/kg/day in divided doses, based on clinical response and ammonia levels. |
Contraindications - Hypersensitivity to penicillins or β-lactam antibiotics. Cautions - Renal impairment, history of seizures, monitor for hypersensitivity reactions and blood dyscrasias. Avoid - Known anaphylaxis to penicillins/β-lactams. Trade Names - inj: Tazocin® (Specialist use may be required) Drug Interactions - May reduce effectiveness of oral contraceptives; increased risk of nephrotoxicity with aminoglycosides; may reduce valproate levels. Adult Dose - 4.5 g IV every 8 hours (dose adjusted in renal impairment). Child Dose - 90 mg/kg IV every 6–8 hours (based on piperacillin content; max 4.5 g per dose) |
Oral 50mg 3 times a day ee p-1091 tab:®, Cap:® (Initiate under specialist supervision) Adult : Child: |
Contraindications - history of penicillamine related toxicity, during pregnancy. Cautions - severe renal impairment. Side effects - nausea, vomiting, diarrhea, headache, dizziness, skin rashes, tremors, anxiety, depression. tab:®, Cap:® Adult : Oral 750-1250 mg par day daily in 2-4 divided doses. Child: Adjust dose. |
Selenium Sulfide lotion:®, Adult : Oral 100-500micrograms daily. Child: |
Oral 25mg/kg once daily. tab:®, Cap:® (Specialist use only) Adult : Child: |
Pyridoxine 50mg tab:®, Betex tab:® Adult : Child: |
Oral 125-250mg daily for 1 month, Administered on expert advice. tab:®, Cap:® Adult : Child: |
tab:®, Cap:® Adult : Child: |
tab:®, Cap:® Adult : Child: |
Oral 800 units daily Cautions - Ensure correct dose in infants, Renal impairment. tab:®, Cap:® Adult : Child: |
tab:®, Cap:® Adult : Child: |
EPOSOFT Cap:®, Etovit 200 Cap:®, Evion 400 Cap:® Adult : Child: |
Cautions - Predisposition to thrombosis. EPOSOFT gelatin cap: Etovit-400 Adult : Child: |
Avoid - Infants and Neonate. tab:®, Cap:® Adult : Child: |
Oral 1250mg once daily Cautions - Asthma, Cardiovascular disease. tab:®, Cap:® Adult : Child: |
Oral 200-400mg daily Cautions - Elderly, Diabetes, Severe gastro-intestinal disorders. tab:®, Cap:® Adult : Child: |
Initially 100mg once daily for 3days, then reduced to 20mg once daily Cautions - Anaemia, History of tuberculosis. tab:®, Cap:® (Specialist use only) Adult : Child: |
Deep i.m injection 50mg once weekly. Avoid - History of blood disorders, Necrotising enterocolitis, Pulmonary fibrosis, Systemic lupus erythematosus Caution - Colitis, Eczema, Elderly, History of urticaria, Adminisered on expert advice. tab:®, Cap:® Adult : Child: |
tab:®, Cap:® (Specialist use only) Adult : Child: |
tab:®, Cap:® (Specialist use only) Adult : Child: |
Avoid - Severe active infection, Pregnancy, Breast feeding. Cautions - Chronic infection, Effective contraception is needed. tab:®, Cap:® (Initiate by a specialist) Adult : Child: |
i.v, s/c. tab:®, Cap:® Adult : Child: |
tab:®, inj:®(s/c injection) (Specialist use only) Adult : Child: |
tab:®, Cap:® (Initiate by a specialist) Adult : Child: |
tab:®, Cap:®(Oral 5mg twice daily) (Specialist use only) Adult : Child: |
tab:®, Cap:®(i.v 500mg every 2 weeks) (Specialist use only) Adult : Child: |
Avoid - Heart failure, Severe infection. Mabura 40 Syrup:® (Initiate by a specialist) Adult : Child: |
tab:®, Cap:® Adult : Child: |
Mirapex tab:®, Mirapex ER Cap:® Adult : Child: |
Requip tab:® Adult : Child: |
Neupro tab:®, Cap:® Adult : Child: |
tab:®, Cap:® Adult : Child: |
tab:®, Cap:® Adult : Child: |
tab:®, Cap:® Adult : Child: |
Oral 20mg once daily tab:®, Cap:® Adult : Child: |
tab:®, Cap:® Adult : Child: |
Oral 125mg 1 hour before chemotherapy tab:®, Cap:® Adult : Child: |
i.v 150mg 1 hour before chemotherapy tab:®, Cap:® Adult : Child: |
tab:®, Cap:® Adult : Child: |
tab:®, Cap:® Adult : Child: |
tab:®, Cap:® Adult : Child: |
tab:®, Cap:® Adult : Child: |
tab:®, Cap:® Adult : Child: |
tab:®, Cap:® Adult : Child: |
tab:®, Cap:® Adult : Child: |
tab:®, Cap:® Adult : Child: |
tab:®, Cap:® Adult : Child: |
tab:®, Cap:® Adult : Child: |
tab:®, Cap:® Adult : Child: |
tab:®, Cap:® Adult : Child: |
tab:®, Cap:® Adult : Child: |
tab:®, Cap:® Adult : Child: |
tab:®, Cap:® Adult : Child: |
tab:®, Cap:® Adult : Child: |
tab:®, Cap:® Adult : Child: |
Oral 500micrograms once daily , tab:®, Cap:® Adult : Child: |
inj:®, Cap:® (Initiate by a specilist) Adult : Child: |
. Oral 40mg, tab:®, Cap:® Adult : Child: |
Contraindication: Coronary vasospasm . ischaemic heart disease . peripheral vascular disease . previous cerebrovascular attack . previous myocardial infarction . previous transient ischaemic attack . Prinzmetal’s angina . severe hypertension . uncontrolled hypertension. Cautions: Elderly Side effects: Asthenia . chest discomfort. dizziness . drowsiness . dry mouth . flushing . gastrointestinal discomfort. headache . hyperhidrosi nausea . sensation abnormal .throat complaints . vision disorders. tab:®, Cap:® Adult : Child: |
AXSAIN ® Post-herpetic neuralgia. To the skin, Adult: Apply 3–4 times a day, Dose to be applied sparingly; important; after lesions have healed, not more often than every 4 hours. Painful diabetic neuropathy (under expert supervision). QUTENZA® Peripheral neuropathic pain in non-diabetic patients(under the supervision of a physician). Bu transdermal application using patches. Adult: (consult product literature) ZACIN® Symptomatic relief in osteoarthritis. To the skin, Adult: Apply 4 times a day, Dose to be applied sparingly, not more often than every 4 hours. Cautions: Avoid contact with broken skin . avoid contact with inflamed skin, With topical use Avoid contact with eyes . avoid hot shower or bath just before or after application (burning sensation enhanced). avoid inhalation of vapours . Not to be used under tight bandages, With transdermal use avoid contact with the face, scalp or in proximity to mucous membranes . avoid holding near eyes or mucous membranes .recent cardiovascular events . uncontrolled hypertension Side effects: Sensation abnormal with transdermal use. tab:®, Cap:® Adult : Child: |
Oral 15-30mg once daily, tab:®, Cap:® Adult : Child: |
Oral 1mg once daily, tab:®, Cap:® Adult : Child: |
Oral 1mg once daily, tab:®, Cap:® Adult : Child: |
Oral 5-10mg once daily, tab:®, Cap:® Adult : Child: |
Oral solution 430mg once daily, tab:®, Cap:® Adult : Child: |
Oral 200mg once daily, tab:®, Cap:® Adult : Child: |
Oral 7.5mg once daily, tab:®, Cap:® Adult : Child: |
Contraindications: Major depression. Cautions: Body mass index of 40 kg/m2 or greater (higher risk of sleep apnoea). elderly . epilepsy . heart failure. history of depression . history of drug abuse . hypertension (high sodium content).respiratory disorders .risk of discontinuation effects including rebound cataplexy and withdrawal symptoms Side effects: Abdominal pain upper. anxiety . appetite abnormal . arthralgia . asthenia . back pain . concentration impaired . confusion . depression . diarrhoea . dizziness . dyspnoea . fall .feeling drunk . headache . hyperhidrosis . hypertension . increased risk of infection . movement disorders . muscle spasms . nasal congestion . nausea . palpitations . peripheral oedema . sedation . sensation abnormal . skin reactions . sleep disorders . sleep paralysis . snoring .taste altered .tremor. urinary disorders . vertigo . vision blurred . vomiting . weight decreased. tab:®, Cap:® Adult : Child: |
Oral 9mg once daily tab:®, Cap:® (Initiate by a specialist) Adult : Child: |
Chronol 500 Mg tab Under expert supervision. tab:®, Cap:® Adult : Child: |
Oral 666mg once daily, tab:®, Cap:® Adult : Child: |
Oral 150mg daily for 6 days Avoid - Acute alcohol withdrawal . acute benzodiazepine withdrawal . bipolar disorder. CNS tumour . eating disorders . history of seizures . severe hepatic cirrhosis. Cautions - Alcohol abuse . diabetes . elderly . history of head trauma. tab:®, Cap:® Adult : Child: |
tab:®, Cap:® Adult : Child: |
tab:®, Cap:® Adult : Child: |
i.v Avoid - Breast feeding. Cautions - Renal impairment, Pregnancy. tab:®, Cap:® Adult : Child: |
Cautions - Avoid - contact with broken skin, eye and inside nostril. tab:®, Cap:® Adult : Child: |
Apply up to 4 times a day tab:®, Cap:® Adult : Child: |
Apply up to 250 mg 3 times a day, tab:®, Cap:® Adult : Child: |
Apply twice daily for 3 consecutive days, tab:®, Cap:® Adult : Child: |
tab:®, Cap:® Adult : Child: |
tab:®, Cap:® Adult : Child: |
Avoid - broken skin . not suitable for application to ano-genital region . not suitable for application to face . not suitable for application to large areas . protect surrounding skin. tab:®, Cap:® Adult : Child: |
Apply 3 times a week Avoid - Autoimmune disease, Broken skin, Contact with eyes, Contact with lips, Contact with nostrils, Open wounds. tab:®, Cap:® Adult : Child: |
tab:®, Cap:® Adult : Child: |
Avoid - Active infection. Cautions - Development of malignancy, Diabetes mellitus, heart failure, hepatitis B virus, hepatitis C infection, history of blood disorders, history of malignancy. 25 mg twice weekly(s/c), tab:®, Cap:® Adult : Child: |
Avoid - Moderate or severe heart failure, severe infections. Cautions - development of malignancy . hepatitis B virus, history of colon carcinoma, history of dysplasia, history of malignancy, history of prolonged immunosuppressant or PUVA treatment in patients with psoriasis . mild heart failure. tab:®, Cap:® Adult : Child: |
Oral 250/125 mg every 8 hours, tab:®, Cap:® Adult : Child: |
Avoid - Diabetic foot infections, pregnant women, Breast feeding. Cautions - Hepatic impairment. tab:®, Cap:® Adult : Child: |
tab:®, Cap:® Adult : Child: |
tab:®, Cap:® Adult : Child: |
tab:®, Cap:® Adult : Child: |
Avoid - Active liver disease. tab:®, Cap:® Adult : Child: |
Avoid - Pregnancy, Brease feeding. Cautions - helminth infection. tab:®, Cap:® (Specialist use only) Adult : Child: |
tab:®, Cap:® Adult : Child: |
tab:®, Cap:® Adult : Child: |
tab:®, Cap:® Adult : Child: |
tab:®, Cap:® Adult : Child: |
Under expert supervision. tab:®, Cap:® Adult : Child: |
Avoid - Rabbit allergy. tab:®, Cap:® Adult : Child: |
Cautions - Ischaemic heart disease. tab:®, Cap:® Adult : Child: |
By inhalation in Nebulised solution tab:®, Cap:® Adult : Child: |
tab:®, Cap:® (Specialist use only) Adult : Child: |
Avoid - Bronchiectasis, Bronchiolitis, Chronic bronchitis, Chronic obstructive pulmonary disease, At risk of respiratory failure. tab:®, Cap:® Adult : Child: |
tab:®, Cap:® (Initiate under specialist supervision) Adult : Child: |
Oral 5 mg 2–3 times a day Avoid - Epilepsy, Pregnancy, Breast feeding, hepatic impairment, renal impairment. tab:®, Cap:® Adult : Child: |
tab:®, Cap:® (Initiate by a specialist) Adult : Child: |
Avoid - Anorexia nervosa . arrhythmias . cardiomyopathy . cardiovascular disease . cerebrovascular disorders . heart failure . hyperthyroidism. tab:®, Cap:® (Initiate under specialist supervision) Adult : Child: |
Oral 140–210 mg daily in divided doses. Avoid - Acute porphyrias, Arrhythmias, During the manic phase of bipolar disorder, heart block, immediate recovery period after myocardial infarction. tab:®, Cap:® Adult : Child: |
Initially oral 10 mg once daily Avoid - Arrhythmias, During the manic phase of bipolar disorder, heart block, immediate recovery period after myocardial infarction. tab:®, Cap:® Adult : Child: |
Oral 50–75 mg daily in divided doses Avoid - Acute porphyrias, Arrhythmias, Heart block, Immediate recovery period after myocardial infarction) Cautions - Cardiovascular disease, Chronic constipation, Diabetes, Epilepsy, History of bipolar disorder, History of psychosis, Hyperthyroidism, Increased intra-ocular pressure, Patients with a significant risk of suicide, Phaeochromocytoma, Prostatic hypertrophy, Urinary retention. tab:®, Cap:® Adult : Child: |
Oral 1 g 3 times a day. Avoid - Breast feeding) Cautions - Pregnancy. tab:®, Cap:® Adult : Child: |
Oral 10 mg once daily Cautions - Bleeding disorders, Cirrhosis of the liver, Elderly, History of mania, History of seizures, Unstable epilepsy. tab:®, Cap:® Adult : Child: |
Oral 0.25–1.5 mg daily in divided doses Avoid - CNS depression, Comatose states, Phaeochromocytoma), Cautions - Risk factors for stroke. tab:®, Cap:® Adult : Child: |
tab:®, Cap:® Adult : Child: |
tab:®, Cap:® (Under specialist supervision in hospital Adult : Child: |
tab:®, Cap:® Adult : Child: |
Oral 2 mg daily Avoid - CNS depression, Comatose states, History of arrhythmias, History or family history of congenital QT prolongation, Phaeochromocytoma. tab:®, Cap:® Adult : Child: |
tab:®, Cap:® Adult : Child: |
tab:®, Cap:® Adult : Child: |
tab:®, Cap:® Adult : Child: |
tab:®, Cap:® Adult : Child: |
tab:®, Cap:® Adult : Child: |
tab:®, Cap:® Adult : Child: |
tab:®, Cap:® Adult : Child: |
tab:®, Cap:® Adult : Child: |
tab:®, Cap:® Adult : Child: |
tab:®, Cap:® Adult : Child: |
tab:®, Cap:® Adult : Child: |
tab:®, Cap:® (Specialist use only) Adult : Child: |
tab:®, Cap:® Adult : Child: |
tab:®, Cap:® (Initiate by a specialist) Adult : Child: |
tab:®, Cap:® Adult : Child: |
ACA tab:®, Cap:® Adult : Child: |
Avoid - History of neuroleptic malignant syndrome, History iof non-traumatic rhabdomyolysis, Phaeochromocytoma) Cautions - . tab:®, Cap:® Adult : Child: |
tab:®, Cap:® Adult : Child: |
tab:®, Cap:® Adult : Child: |
tab:®, Cap:® Adult : Child: |
tab:®, Cap:® Adult : Child: |
tab:®, Cap:® Adult : Child: |
tab:®, Cap:® Adult : Child: |
Avoid - Ketoacidosis. Januvia 100mg tab:®, Ziglip-50 tab:®, Ziglip-100 tab:®, Sitagil 100mg tab:® Adult : Child: |
Oral 5mg once daily Cautions - Elderly, History of pancreatitis. Onglyza 2.5mg tab:® Adult : Child: |
Oral 5 mg once daily. Linglip 5mg tab:® Adult : Child: |
Oral : 25 mg once daily. Aloja 25mg tab:® Adult : Child: |
"Valiant" film coated tab:. Avoid - Ketoacidosis. tab:®, Cap:® Adult : Child: |
0.75 mg once weekly(SC. Avoid - Severe gastro-intestinal disease. tab:®, Cap:® Adult : Child: |
Avoid - Ketoacidosis . severe gastro intestinal disease. tab:®, Cap:® Adult : Child: |
1.2 mg once daily(SC), tab:®, Cap:® Adult : Child: |
tab:®, Cap:® Adult : Child: |
tab:®, Cap:® Adult : Child: |
Oral 100 mg once daily Avoid - Diabetic gastroparesis . inflammatory bowel disease . severe congestive heart failure. Invokana 300mg tab:® Adult : Child: |
DAPAEDGE-10 tab:® Adult : Oral 5 mg once daily. Child: |
Oral 10 mg once daily Avoid - Diabetic ketoacidosis, Pregnancy, Breast feeding. Cautions - Cardiovascular disease, Complicated urinary tract infections, Elderly patients aged over 75 years, Heart failure, History of hypotension. Diajard-MXR tab:® Adult : Child: |
Oral 5 mg once daily. Steglujan tab:® Adult : Child: |
Oral 5 mg daily. tab:®, Cap:® Adult : Child: |
tab:®, Cap:® Adult : Child: |
tab:®, Cap:® Adult : Child: |
tab:®, Cap:® Adult : Child: |
tab:®, Cap:® Adult : Child: |
tab:®, Cap:® Adult : Child: |
tab:®, Cap:® Adult : Child: |
tab:®, Cap:® Adult : Child: |
tab:®, Cap:® Adult : Child: |
tab:®, Cap:® Adult : Child: |
tab:®, Cap:® Adult : Child: |
tab:®, Cap:® Adult : Child: |
tab:®, Cap:® Adult : Child: |
tab:®, Cap:® Adult : Child: |
tab:®, Cap:® Adult : Child: |
tab:®, Cap:® Adult : Child: |
Avoid - Active arterial thromboembolic disease (e.g. angina or myocardial infarction), Active thrombophlebitism, History of breast cancer, History of recurrent venous thromboembolism, Oestrogen-dependent cancer, History of Angina or Myocardial infarction, Undiagnosed vaginal bleeding, Untreated endometrial hyperplasia, Venous thromboembolism. tab:®, Cap:® Adult : Child: |
Avoid - Active arterial thromboembolic disease (e.g. angina or myocardial infarction), Active thrombophlebitism, History of breast cancer, History of recurrent venous thromboembolism, Oestrogen-dependent cancer, History of Angina or Myocardial infarction, Undiagnosed vaginal bleeding, Untreated endometrial hyperplasia, Venous thromboembolism. tab:®, Cap:® Adult : Child: |
tab:®, Cap:® Adult : Child: |
tab:®, Cap:® Adult : Child: |
tab:®, Cap:® Adult : Child: |
tab:®, Cap:® (Specialist use only) Adult : Child: |
tab:®, Cap:® (Specialist use only) Adult : Child: |
tab:®, Cap:® Adult : Child: |
tab:®, Cap:® Adult : Child: |
tab:®, Cap:® Adult : Child: |
tab:®, Cap:® Adult : Child: |
tab:®, Cap:® Adult : Child: |
tab:®, Cap:® Adult : Child: |
tab:®, Cap:® Adult : Child: |
tab:®, Cap:® Adult : Child: |
tab:®, Cap:® Adult : Child: |
tab:®, Cap:® (Specialist use only) Adult : Child: |
tab:®, Cap:® (Specialist use only) Adult : Child: |
Oral 84 mg once daily under expert supervision. tab:®, Cap:® Adult : Child: |
inj:®, 60 units/kg (IV) every 2 weeks. (Specialist use only) Adult : Child: |
tab:®, Cap:® (Specialist use only) Adult : Child: |
tab:®, Cap:® Adult : Child: |
tab:®, Cap:® Adult : Child: |
tab:®, Cap:® Adult : Child: |
tab:®, Cap:® (Initiate by a specialist) Adult : Child: |
tab:®, Cap:® (Initiate by a specialist) Adult : Child: |
tab:®, Cap:® (Specialist use only) Adult : Child: |
tab:®, Cap:® (Specialist use only) Adult : Child: |
TINIZE 2mg tab:® Adult : Child: |
tab:®, Cap:® Adult : Child: |
tab:®, Cap:® (Specialist use only) Adult : Child: |
tab:®, Cap:® Adult : Child: |
Contraindications - Eye infection, patients requiring immediate corneal surgery. Cautions - In ocular cancer. Side-effects - Eye pain, Eye inflammation, Headache, Photophobia, Avoid - Pregnancy, Breast feeding. Oxervate eye-drop ® (Specialist use only) Adult : Child: |
tab:®, Cap:® Adult : Child: |
tab:®, Cap:® Adult : Child: |
tab:®, Cap:® Adult : Child: |
tab:®, Cap:® Adult : Child: |
tab:®, Cap:® Adult : Child: |
Apply as required. Adult : Child: |
tab:®, Cap:® Adult : Child: |
tab:®, Cap:® Adult : Child: |
tab:®, Cap:® Adult : Child: |
tab:®, Cap:® Adult : Child: |
tab:®, Cap:® (Specialist use only) Adult : Child: |
tab:®, Cap:® Adult : Child: |
tab:®, Cap:® Adult : Child: |
tab:®, Cap:® Adult : Child: |
tab:®, Cap:® Adult : Child: |
tab:®, Cap:® Adult : Child: |
tab:®, Cap:® Adult : Child: |
tab:®, Cap:® Adult : Child: |
tab:®, Cap:® Adult : Child: |
tab:®, Cap:® Adult : Child: |
tab:®, Cap:® Adult : Child: |
tab:®, Cap:® Adult : Child: |
tab:®, Cap:® Adult : Child: |
Eye-drop tab:®, Cap:® Adult : Child: |
Eye-drop tab:®, Cap:® Adult : Child: |
tab:®, Cap:® Adult : Child: |
tab:®, Cap:® Adult : Child: |
Avoid - Ocular or periocular infection. tab:®, Cap:® (Specialist use only) Adult : Child: |
Avoid - Acute porphyrias. tab:®, Cap:® (Specialist use only) Adult : Child: |
Avoid - Pregnancy, Breast feeding. tab:®, Cap:® (Initiate by a specialist) Adult : Child: |
tab:®, Cap:® (Specialist use only) Adult : Child: |
tab:®, Cap:® Adult : Child: |
Ear drops:®, Cap:® Adult : Child: |
Ear drops ®, Cap:® Adult : Child: |
tab:®, Cap:® Adult : Child: |
tab:®, Cap:® Adult : Child: |
tab:®, Cap:® Adult : Child: |
tab:®, Cap:® Adult : Child: |
tab:®, Cap:® Adult : Child: |
tab:®, Cap:® Adult : Child: |
tab:®, Cap:® Adult : Child: |
Silverkant cream®, Cap:® Adult : Child: |
tab:®, Cap:® Adult : Child: |
Apply 1–2 times a week for 6 months. tab:®, Cap:® Adult : Child: |
tab:®, Cap:® Adult : Child: |
tab:®, Cap:® Adult : Child: |
tab:®, Cap:® Adult : Child: |
Burscabe lotion:® Adult : Child: |
tab:®, Cap:® Adult : Child: |
tab:®, Cap:® Adult : Child: |
Lorax cream:® , PERMIN cream:® , Permezole cream:® Adult : Child: |
tab:®, Cap:® Adult : Child: |
Avoid - Pregnancy. tab:®, Cap:® Adult : Child: |
tab:®, Cap:® Adult : Child: |
Topical application Clobetamil G cream:®, Tenovate cream 30g:®, Dermi Fitz-5 cream® Adult : Child: |
tab:®, Cap:® Adult : Child: |
tab:®, Cap:® Adult : Child: |
tab:®, Cap:® Adult : Child: |
tab:®, Cap:® Adult : Child: |
tab:®, Cap:® Adult : Child: |
QUADRAN cream:® Adult : Child: |
tab:®, Cap:® Adult : Child: |
tab:®, Cap:® Adult : Child: |
tab:®, Cap:® Adult : Child: |
tab:®, Cap:® Adult : Child: |
tab:®, Cap:® Adult : Child: |
tab:®, Cap:® Adult : Child: |
tab:®, Cap:® (Initiate by a specialist) Adult : Child: |
tab:®, Cap:® (Initiate under specialist supervision) Adult : Child: |
tab:®, Cap:® Adult : Child: |
tab:®, Cap:® (Specialist use only) Adult : Child: |
tab:®, Cap:® (Specialist use only) Adult : Child: |
tab:®, Cap:® Adult : Child: |
tab:®, Cap:® Adult : Child: |
tab:®, Cap:® Adult : Child: |
tab:®, Cap:® Adult : Child: |
tab:®, Cap:® Adult : Child: |
tab:®, Cap:® Adult : Child: |
tab:®, Cap:® Adult : Child: |
tab:®, Cap:® Adult : Child: |
tab:®, Cap:® Adult : Child: |
Apply 1–2 times a day tab:®, Cap:® Adult : Child: |
Avoid - contact with eyes, Mouth and mucous membranes. tab:®, Cap:® Adult : Child: |
tab:®, Cap:® Adult : Child: |
Apply as required. tab:®, Cap:® Adult : Child: |
Apply twice daily tab:®, Cap:® Adult : Child: |
Cautions - Irritant to mucous membranes. tab:®, Cap:® Adult : Child: |
tab:®, Cap:® Adult : Child: |
tab:®, Cap:® Adult : Child: |
tab:®, Cap:® Adult : Child: |
tab:®, Cap:® Adult : Child: |
tab:®, Cap:® Adult : Child: |
tab:®, Cap:® Adult : Child: |
tab:®, Cap:® Adult : Child: |
tab:®, Cap:® Adult : Child: |
i.m injection:®, Cap:® Adult : Child: |
tab:®, Cap:® Adult : Child: |
tab:®, Cap:® Adult : Child: |
tab:®, Cap:® Adult : Child: |
i.v inj:®, Cap:® Adult : Child: |
tab:®, Cap:® Adult : Child: |
tab:®, Cap:® Adult : Child: |
tab:®, Cap:® Adult : Child: |
i.v. tab:®, Cap:® Adult : Child: |
tab:®, Cap:® (Specialist use only) Adult : Child: |
Contraindications - Active GI bleeding, GI ulcer, Inflammatory bowel disease, Ischaemic heart disease, Heart failure, Cerebrovascular disease. Cautions - Allergic disorders, Dehydration, Elderly, Hypertension, Coagulation defects. Side effects - Nausea, Vomiting, Back pain, Constipation, Dizziness, GI discomfort, Peripheral oedema, Renal impairment, Increased risk of infection. Parecoxib inj:®(deep i.m) Adult : Child: |
tab:®, Cap:® Adult : Child: |
Bylumbar epidural, Or by local infiltration, Or by caudal epidural tab:®, Cap:® Adult : Child: |
tab:®, Cap:® Adult : Child: |
tab:®, Cap:® Adult : Child: |
tab:®, Cap:® Adult : Child: |
tab:®, Cap:® Adult : Child: |
Slow i.v inj:®, Cap:® Adult : Child: |
tab:®, Cap:® Adult : Child: |
tab:®, Cap:® Adult : Child: |
tab:®, Cap:® Adult : Child: |
tab:®, Cap:® Adult : Child: |
tab:®, Cap:® Adult : Child: |
tab:®, Cap:® Adult : Child: |
tab:®, Cap:® Adult : Child: |
Avoid - Acute surgical abdominal conditions . gastro-intestinal obstruction. tab:®, Cap:® Adult : Child: |
Avoid - Gastro-intestinal obstruction . intestinal atony . myasthenia gravis. tab:®, Cap:® Adult : Child: |
Dicotil tab:®, Cap:® Adult : Child: |
Oral suspension:®, Cap:® Adult : Child: |
tab:®, Cap:® Adult : Child: |
tab:®, Cap:® Adult : Child: |
tab:®, Cap:® Adult : Child: |
Avoid - Uncontrolled hypertension. tab:®, Cap:® Adult : Child: |
tab:®, Cap:® Adult : Child: |
tab:®, Cap:® (Initiate under specialist supervision) Adult : Child: |
tab:®, Cap:® Adult : Child: |
tab:®, Cap:® Adult : Child: |
tab:®, Cap:® Adult : Child: |
tab:®, Cap:® Adult : Child: |
Initially 1250 units(IV. Avoid - Active peptic ulcer, Acute bacterial endocarditis, Diabetic retinopathy, Haemorrhagic disorders, Recent cerebral haemorrhage, Severe hypertension) Cautions - Body-weight over 90 kg, Recent bleeding, Risk of bleeding) . tab:®, Cap:® Adult : Child: |
tab:®, Cap:® Adult : Child: |
tab:®, Cap:® Adult : Child: |
tab:®, Cap:® Adult : Child: |
tab:®, Cap:® Adult : Child: |
tab:®, Cap:® Adult : Child: |
tab:®, Cap:® Adult : Child: |
Contraindications - Severe bradyarrhythmia secondary to AV block or sick sinus syndrome. Cautions - Cerebrovascular disease. Constipation, heart failure, history of depression, bradyarrhythmia, peripheral vascular disease. Side effects - constipation, depression, Dizziness, dry mouth, headache, salivary glands pain, sexual dysfunction, sleep disorder. tab:®, Cap:®50-100mcg three times a day. |
tab:®, Cap:® Adult : Child: |
Tenoren 50 tab:®, Atenolol tab: Breast feeding, Renal impairment. tab:®, Cap:® Adult : Child: |
tab:®, Cap:® Adult : Child: |
tab:®, Cap:® Adult : Child: |
tab:®, Cap:® Adult : Child: |
Oral 50/12.5 mg daily tab:®, Cap:® Adult : Child: |
tab:®, Cap:® Adult : Child: |
Oral 5–10 mg once daily tab:®, Cap:® Adult : Child: |
Oral 4 mg daily tab:®, Cap:® Adult : Child: |
tab:®, Cap:® Adult : Child: |
tab:®, Cap:® Adult : Child: |
tab:®, Cap:® (Initiate under specialist supervision) Adult : Child: |
Oral 1 mg 3 times a day for 2 weeks Cautions - Elderly, risk of hypotension, Hypotension. tab:®, Cap:® Adult : Child: |
Oral 100/150 mg, To be taken in the morning tab:®, Cap:® (Specialist use only) Adult : Child: |
Oral 150 mg to be taken in the evening tab:®, Cap:® (Specialist use only) Adult : Child: |
Olesta 20mg tab:, Olmesar A tab: Avoid - Biliary obstruction. Cautions - Hepatic impairment, Renal impairment . tab:®, Cap:® Adult : Child: |
Omnilipid Emulsion Inj: Adult : Child: |
Omnipaque Solution for Inj:. Adult : Child: |
Nabumetone tab:, Opebutal 750 Caplet Avoid - Active gastro-intestinal ulcer and bleeding, Heart failure, Pregnancy, Renal impairment. Cautions - Allergic disorders, Elderly, Heart disease, Ulcerative colitis, Hypertension, Breast feeding, Hepatic impairment. tab:®, Cap:® Adult : Child: |
Octride 100 inj, Otide 100 Inj: Adult : Child: |
Very slow(IV)-Adjust uterine activity Avoid - Cardiovascular disease, Woman over 35years, /td>845 Oxyson Inj:, Oxytroy( IM -IV –Infusion. Adult : Child: |
Avoid - Cardiac disease, Pulmonary disease. Cautions - Excessive dosage may cause utrine rupture, History of Asthma, Diabetes, Epilepsy, Hypertension, Hypotension, Jaundice. Endoprost 125mcg/ 0.5ml Inj:, Endoprost 250mcg/1ml Inj:. Adult : Child: |
Insert into posterior fornix Use when unresponsive to Ergometrine and Oxytocin Avoid - Unexplained vaginal bleeding, Placenta praevia, Renal impairment. Cautions - Cardiovascular insufficiency, Cervicitis, Obstructive airways disease, Vaginitis. tab:®, Cap:® Adult : Child: |
Monodiol tab:, Paclevo tab:. tab:®, Cap:® Adult : Child: |
Pexitaz 100 Powder for Inj: Adult : Child: |
Novonorm 1 mg tab:, Novonorm 2 mg tab:. tab:®, Cap:® Adult : Child: |
Primigyn 0.5mg Endocervical Gel. tab:®, Cap:® Adult : Child: |
Relispa inj:, Pymenospain tab:, Droverin-40 tablet, DOVASPIN inj: Adult : Child: |
Progestromark 100 Cap:, Progestromark 200 Cap:, Crinone 8% Gel (vaginal) Adult : Child: |
Avod(Pregnancy, Breasr feeding. Cautions - Hepatic impairment. Amirab Cap:, Amirab-D Cap:, Rabidus 20 tab:, Rabipam Powder For Inj: Adult : Child: |
tab:®, Cap:® Adult : Child: |
tab:®, Cap:® Adult : Child: |
under expert supervision. tab:®, Cap:® Adult : Child: |
Sanidex OPA Solution tab:®, Cap:® Adult : Child: |
Cautions - Renal impairment. Necaxime-Taxim Inj:, Gcet-S 1.5g Powder for Inj:, Letax -SB 750 Powder for Inj: Adult : Child: |
Mucodyle tab:, Ambrodil 30 tab:, Mubroxol 30mg tab:, Respo Cap:, Lytex Drops, Mucorol Syrup Adult : Child: |
Mucodyle tab. tab:®, Cap:® Adult : Child: |
Salbec 2g Powder for Inj:® Adult : Child: |
Safelax Powder for Oral solution (17.1g), Polyethylene Glycol powder for solution® Adult : Child: |
Riborea Cap: Adult : Child: |
Stivarga 40mg Film Coated tab:® (Specialist use only) Adult : Child: |
Stercar tab:, Pronor tab: Adult : Child: |
Spagone 800 Delayed Release tab: tab:®, Cap:® Adult : Child: |
MyHep All tab:, Sofosvel tab:, Velpanat tab:, Sofosvel tab: Adult : Child: |
Cautions - Decompensated liver disease. Tenohep-AF, HepBest tab: Adult : Child: |
Oleanz tab:® Adult : Child: |
Cautions - Asthma, Chronic obstructive pulmonary disease, Peptic ulcer, Hepatic impairment. Aricept, Aricept Evess, Servonex® Adult : Child: |
Sizopride-50 Uncoated tab:. tab:®, Cap:® Adult : Child: |
Silgoma Soft Cap: Adult : Child: |
Silgoma Soft Cap: Adult : Child: |
Qutipin 25 tab. tab:®, Cap:® Adult : Child: |
Survanta Intratracheal Suspension tab:®, Cap:® Adult : Child: |
STS Lyophilized Powder for Inj: Adult : Child: |
Amedolfen 100 Caplet, Strepsils MaxPro Lozenges Avoid - Intestinal bleeding, Heart failure, Peregnancy, Renal impairment. Cautions - Allergic disorders, Hepatic impairment, Breast feeding, Elderly, Heart failure, Hypertyension, Ulcerative colitis. tab:®, Cap:® Adult : Child: |
Stivarga 40mg Film Coated tab: tab:®, Cap:® Adult : Child: |
Sutrilneo 10mg Prolonged Release tab:, Toras-Denk 10 tab:®, Cap:® Adult : Child: |
Avoid - Acute porphyriasn, Pregnancy, Breast feeding. Cautions - Renal impairment, Need contraception. Sutrilneo 5mg Prolonged Release tab:, Topaz 100 tab:, Topvex tab: Adult : Child: |
Tolmax tab: tab:®, Cap:® Adult : Child: |
Thymogam Inj: Adult : Child: |
Avoid - Biliaryobstructive disorders. Cautions - Hapatic an Renal impairment. Tazloc 40 mg tab:, Terazar 40 tab:, Terazar H 80/12.5 tab: Adult : Child: |
Tamiflu®(Powder for Oral Suspension), Oral 75 mg twice daily for 5 days. Adult : Child: |
Secnidazole, Dysen/Dysen Forte, Tagera Forte, Zifam 3VC Kit® Adult : Child: |
Tachyben 25mg/5ml50mg/10ml100mg/20ml Solution for Inj:®, Adult : Child: |
Pima. tab:®, Cap:® Adult : Child: |
Cautions - Irregular menstrual bleeding, Massive haematuria, Patient receiving oral contraceptives. Azeptil 500 Cap:, Tramense tab:, Hemsamic 250mg Cap:, Tranexamin Inj:, Hemsamic 250mg Inj: Adult : Child: |
Tractocile 6.75mg/0.9ml for Infusion, Tractocile 7.5mg/ml for Infusion Avoid - Intra-uterine fetal death, Intra-uterine infection, Eclampsia. Cautions - Intra-uterine growth restriction, Abnormal placental site, Hepatic impairment. tab:®, Cap:® Adult : Child: |
Avoid - History of bipolar disorder, History of mania, History of severe depression, Cardiac disease, Uncontrolled epilepsy, Hepatic impairment. Cautions - Bleeding disorder, Closure glaucoma, Renal impairment. DURAJECT-60 tab:, Kepiton tab:, Wonder tab: 60 mg Adult : Child: |
Ceftipime 1g IV/IM Powder for Inj:, Ceftipime 2g IV Powder for Inj:, Pimesan-10IV/IM Powder for Inj:, Vaxcel Cefepime 1g Powder for Inj:® Adult : Child: |
Vasartim 40 Film Coated tab:, Vasartim 80 Film Coated tab: Avoid - Biliary cirrhosis, Cholestasis. Cautions - Hepatic impairment, Renal impairment . tab:®, Cap:® Adult : Child: |
tab:®, Cap:® Adult : Child: |
tab:®, Cap:® Adult : Child: |
Cautions - report if thigh, hip or groin pain occure during treatment. tab:®, Cap:® Adult : Child: |
Avoid - Acute porphyrias, Liver dysfunction, Hepatic impairment. Pregnancy. Cautions - Systemic lupus erythematosus, Severe seizure, Renal impairment, Contraception needed. Side effects - Abdominal pain, Alopecia, Anaemia, behavior abnormal, concentration impaired, confusion, deafness, diarrhea, haemorrhage. ENCORATE-200 tab:®, Valporate Chrono-200 tab:, Depakine 200 mg/ml Oral Solution 60ml. Adult : Child: |
Clexane, Clonox inj-Kalparin, Lomoh-40 Inj:, Intravas inj-Lomoh inj-Parin-E inj, Clonox-20 Inj:, Lomoh-60 Inj: Low body weigh, Pregnancy, Breast feeding, Hepatic impairment, Renal impairment . tab:®, Cap:® Adult : Child: |
Pentoxyverine tab. tab:®, Cap:® Adult : Child: |
Vinelbine 10mg Inj:, Vinelbine 50mg Inj:®, Cap:® Adult : Child: |
Zylene Nano Gel:®, Cap:® Adult : Child: |
Sutrilneo tab:, Ztor tab:, Ztor 5 tab: tab:®, Cap:® Adult : Child: |
Zoldro Inj:, Zoledro-Denk 4mg/5ml Inj:®, Cap:® Adult : Child: |
Zilt 250 tab:, Zilt 500 tab:, Refprozil- 250 Hard Gelatin Cap: Adult : Child: |
Avoid - Active bleeding, Malignant neoplasms, Oesophageal varices, Recent brain surgery, Recent gastro-intestinal ulcer, Recent intracranial haemorrhage, Recent ophthalmic surgery, Recent spine surgery . Significant risk of major bleeding, Vascular aneurysm) Cautions - Bronchiectasis, Elderly, Severe hypertension. Xarelto 10mg tab:, Xarelto 20mg tab:, Xarelto15mg Film Coated tab: Adult : Child: |
Xzim-250 tab:, Xzim-500 tab:, Sanfur -250 tab: Renal impairment. tab:®, Cap:® Adult : Child: |
Scabion Cream:®, Cap:® Adult : Child: |
Arpizol 5 Uncoated tab:, Arpizol 10 tab: Adult : Child: |
Apuzin tab: Cautions - in children tab:®, Cap:® Adult : Child: |
tab:®, Cap:® Adult : Child: |
Cautions - Hepatic impairment, Renal impairment . Paczidime inj(vial), Tazicef Inj:, Zibec 1g IV/IM Powder:®, Cap:® Adult : Child: |
Axcel Tridine Syrup. tab:®, Cap:® Adult : Child: |
Solvin tab: 8 mg, Asovon tab:, Asovon Syrup, Ascoril Expectorant, Cosome Expectorant 100ml. Adult : Child: |
Prasulet 5 tab:®, Prasulet 10 tab:®, Cap:® Adult : Child: |
Acute lymphocytic leukaemia, Renal failure. Ampik Oral Suspension, Ampiclox 500mg Powder for Inj:, Ampicillin Sodium Powder for Inj: Adult : Child: |
Bluclox-P tab:, Cloxispa-500 Cap:, Opticlox, Ampiclox 500mg Powder for Inj:, Cloxacillin Eye drop. Adult : Child: |
tab:®, Cap:® Adult : Child: |
LeoPovidone antiseptic solution, Betadine Ointment, Saniquad PVP S Surgical Scrub, Betadine Vaginal Gel, Betadine Vaginal Douche 10%. tab:®, Cap:® Adult : Child: |
tab:® BENDOZ-400 tab:®, Zoleworm-A Oral Suspension, Corzole 400 tab:®, Pentinox tab:®, Bendoz-400 tab:® Adult : Child: |
Campto 40mg/2ml Inj:®, Campto 100mg/5ml Inj:® (Specialist use only) Adult : Child: |
Axcel Flemin Expectorant. tab:®, Cap:® Adult : Child: |
Burnaway Ointment Avoid - Acute pophyrias. Cautions - Hepatic impairment, Renal impairment . tab:®, Cap:® Adult : Child: |
Bucanil Syrup, Cosome A Oral Solution Avoid - Intra-uterine infection, History of cardiac disease. Cautions - Eclampsia, Suspected cardiovascular disease. tab:®, Cap:® Adult : Child: |
Ipakitine. tab:®, Cap:® Adult : Child: |
Shampoo 2-3 time weekly tab:®, Cap:® Adult : Child: |
Saniquad M 25 Solution, Sanidyl Mouthwash, Sildaz Cream®. tab:®, Cap:® Adult : Child: |
Chorulon tab:®, Cap:® Adult : Child: |
Atopica, Optimmune, Neoral, Sandimmun, Nephrotoxic. Panimun Bioral-50 mg Cap:, Cipol.N Oral Solution, Cipol-N 25mg Cap:, Cipol-N 100mg Cap: Adult : Child: |
Zitac, Cimetidine, Dyspamet tab: Avoid - Pregnancy and Breast feeding. Cautions - Hepatic impairment, Renal impairment . tab:®, Cap:® Adult : Child: |
PLT tab:s. tab:®, Cap:® Adult : Child: |
Nimbex:®, Cap:® Adult : Child: |
Artacil Inj:®, Cap:® Adult : Child: |
Cisplatin, Cisteen 10mg/10ml Inj:, Cisteen 50mg/50ml Inj: Avoid - Pregnancy), Contraception need. tab:®, Cap:® Adult : Child: |
Appertex Only use for Birds. tab:®, Cap:® Adult : Child: |
Oral 1 mg twice daily Avoid - Acute porphyrias, Pregnancy, Breast feeding. Cautions - Elderly, Epilepsy, Prostatic hypertrophy, Urinary retension, Angle-closure glaucoma, Pyloroduodenal obstruction, Stenosing peptic ulcer. tab:®, Cap:® Adult : Child: |
Bonefos, Loron tab:®, Cap:® Adult : Child: |
Clofazimine Avoid - persistent abdominal pain and diarrhoea. Cautions - pregnancy, Hepatic impairment, Renal impairment . tab:®, Cap:® Adult : Child: |
Clomicalm, Oral 10 mg daily Avoid - Acute porphyrias, Arrhythmias, During the manic phase of bipolar disorder, Heart block, Immediate recovery period after myocardial infarction. tab:®, Cap:® Adult : Child: |
Clonopin, Rivotril Avoid - Coma, Current alcohol abuse, Current drug abuse, Respiratory depression, Breast feeding. Cautions - Acute porphyrias, Airway obstructions, Brain damage, Depression, Cerebellar ataxia, Renal impairment. tab:®, Cap:® Adult : Child: |
Cautions - Acute lymphocytic leukaemia, Renal impairment, Endocardidis cause by Enterococci(Use Vancomycin if Penicillin allergic), Meningitis cause by Listeria can be treat Amoxicillin+Gentamicin 14-days. Flumox Cap:®, Amoxicap 250 Cap:, Dumoclav 625 tab: Adult : Child: |
Avoid - Penicillin allergy. Cautions - Renal impairment, Sodium overload (contains significant sodium), Monitor renal function during prolonged therapy. inj:® Adult : 3–5 g every 6–8 hours IV (max 30 g/day) Child: Not routinely used alone; specialist advice required |
Avoid - Penicillin allergy. Cautions - Renal impairment, Hepatic impairment, Monitor liver and renal function during prolonged use. inj: Timentin® Adult : 3.1 g (ticarcillin 3 g + clavulanic acid 100 mg) every 8 hours IV Child: Not routinely used; specialist advice required |
tab:®, Cap:® Adult : Child: |
Concor 5 Film Coated tab: Acue hert failure requaire intravenous inotropes, Hepatic impairment, Renal impairment . tab:®, Cap:® Adult : Child: |
Compound Sodium Chloride Inj: USP, Ringer's Inj:-500ml:®, Cap:® Adult : Child: |
Cautions - Cardiac disease, Renal impairment, Elderly. tab:®, Cap:® Adult : Child: |
Cautions - in Cardiac disease, In renal impairment, Elderly |
Avoid - Hepatic impairment. Cautions - Renal impairment. Zosert 25 tab:, Zoloft tab:, Setralin-50 tab:, Zert OD 50 tab:, Zert OD 100 tab: Adult : Child: |
Zifam St John's Wort 1800 tab: tab:®, Cap:® Adult : Child: |
Xalexa 20 tab: Avoid - Pregnancy. Cautions - Hepatic impairment, Renal impairment . tab:®, Cap:® Adult : Child: |
Lipistad 10mg tab:, Xerova 10 tab:, Amtopid tab:, Anzitor 10 tab:, Lipistad 10 tab:, Grasalip Plus tab:, Atorvastatin tab:. tab:®, Cap:® Adult : Child: |
Eze-10 Film Coated tab: Adult : Child: |
Intra-vaginal Econazine Cream:®10g, 20g(Need longer duration in pregnant women) Cap:® Adult : Child: |
tab:®, Cap:® Adult : Child: |
Doxoril 400 Uncoated tab:, Doxol 20mg/ 0.5ml Concentrate for Solution for Infusion, Docetel-20 Inj:, Docetec 80 Inj: Adult : Child: |
Cardizam tab:, Diltizem tab: Left ventricular failure with pulmonary congestion, AV block, Bradycardia, Sick sinus syndrome. tab:®, Cap:® Adult : Child: |
Treviamet tab: Avoid - Ketoacidosis. tab:®, Cap:® Adult : Child: |
Avoid - Pregnancy, Breast feeding Mebendazole tab:, Vermox 100mg tab:, Ermox 500 tab:, Ermox Suspension 30 ml Adult : Child: |
Avoid - in Renal impairment, Liver disease, Pregnancy tab:®, Cap:® Adult : Child: |
tab:®, Cap:® Adult : Child: |
Oral 200-400mg daily Cautions - Elderly, Diabetes, Severe gastro-intestinal disorders. tab:®, Cap:® Adult : Child: |
tab:®, Cap:® Adult : Child: |
Indications - Prophylaxis of gout and of uric acid and calcium oxalate renal stones, Prophylaxis of hyperuricaemia associated with cancer chemotherapy. Contraindications - Not a treatment for acute gout but continue if attack develops when already receiving allopurinol, and treat attack separately. Cautions - Ensure adequate fluid intake (2-3 litters/day), For hyperuricaemia associated with cancer therapy. Allopurinol treatment should be started before cancer therapy. Adminster prophylactic NSAID(not aspirin or salicylates)or colchicine until at least one month after hyperuricaemia is corrected (usually for first three months)to avoid precipitating an acute attack. Congestive Side effects - Rash(discontinue therapy if rash mild, reintroduce cautiously but discontinue immediately if recurrence. Avoid - Renal impairment (adjust dose), Hepatic Impairment (monitor liver function periodically during early stage of treatment) Allopurinol tab:®, Erloric tab:®, Esloric tab:®, Zyloric tab:® Adult : Child: |
Contraindications - Active peptic ulcer, Bleeding disorders, Children under 16 years, Severe cardiac failure, Anaemia, Allergic disease, Asthma, Dehydration, Elderly, During fever, Uncontroled hypertension Aspilet tab:®, Aspirex tab:®, Aspirin tab:®, Ecosprin 75 tab: Adult : Child: |
Flexbac-10 tab:®, Flexilax 5 tab:® (Specialist use only) Adult : Child: |
Neuromax-Fort tab:, Richvit Sugar Coated tab:, Pregnacare Cap:, Little Toys tab:, Appeton Multivitamin Plus Infant Drops, Multilives Cap:, Trivitamins B Inj: Adult : Child: |
Basic Nutrition tab:, SC Livopac soft gel. tab:®, Cap:® Adult : Child: |
Vicvit A 25000IU Cap:®, Vitamin A & D Cap:®, Fish Liver Oil Cap:®, M Hovid Cod Liver Oil Cap:® Adult : Child: |
Vitamin B6 tab:, Vitamin B6 Inj:, Rejubion tab:, Neurofort tab:, Pacvit B6 Inj: tab:®, Cap:® Adult : Child: |
Neurobion tab: .Betex tab:, Rejubion tab:, Neurofort tab:, Vitamin B1 Table, Vitamin B1 Inj: Adult : Child: |
Neuromax-Forte tab:s. tab:®, Cap:® Adult : Child: |
Pai B12 Inj:®, Neurofort tab:®, Neuro -B Inj:® Adult : Child: |
C-Vion 500mg tab:®, Hicee Sweetlets tab:®, Vitacee tab:®, Limcee Film Coated tab:® Adult : Child: |
D3 tab:, Calciferol tab:. tab:®, Cap:® Adult : Child: |
tab:®, Cap:® Adult : Child: |
Topical application. tab:®, Cap:® Adult : Child: |
tab:®, Cap:® Adult : Child: |
Voraxaze (Pro)®, Cap:® Adult : Child: |
tab:®, Cap:® Adult : Child: |
Fusilev (Pro), Lucal 50 tab:®, Cap:® Adult : Child: |
AN-DTPA (Pro) tab:®, Cap:® Adult : Child: |
Contraindications - children of under 12 years. DE-TUSSIN 15 mg tab:®, ROMIVON tab:®, TUSSOLO tab:®, RODILAR tab:®, CHERICOF 100ml syrup, Romilar 15mg tab:®, Konidin tab:®, BRONCHEST tab:®, Presco tab:®, Atussin tab:® Adult : Child: |
MELANOCYL 10 mg tab:® Adult : Child: |
Avoid - Active or suspected ocular infection, Active or suspected peri-ocular infection. Fluosyn Cream®, Cap:® (Specialist use only) Adult : Child: |
Glit-15 tab:®, Glit-30 tab:® Adult : Child: |
Asparaginase, Elspar, Erwinase Avoid - History of pancreatitis related to asparaginase therapy, History of serious haemorrhage related to asparaginase therapy, History of serious thrombosis related to asparaginase therapy, Pancreatitis. tab:®, Cap:® Adult : Child: |
Avoid - Severe renal or hepatic impairment, Hypersensitivity to colchicine. Cautions - Renal impairment, Hepatic impairment, Blood dyscrasias, Elderly patients, Concomitant use of CYP3A4 inhibitors. Drug interactions - CYP3A4 inhibitors (e.g., clarithromycin, ketoconazole), P-glycoprotein inhibitors (e.g., verapamil), grapefruit juice (increases risk of toxicity). tab: Colcrys® Adult : 1 mg initially, followed by 0.5 mg every 1–2 hours until pain relief or maximum dose (usually 1–1.5 mg/day). Child: Not recommended without specialist advice. |
Questran powder sachet®, Cap:® Adult : Child: |
Mydrilate, Cyclopentolate Hcl tab:®, Cap:® Adult : Child: |
Endoxana, Cyclophosphamide. tab:®, Cap:® Adult : Child: |
Indocid Cap:®, Indorem 25 Cap:® Adult : Child: |
Implanon NXT Implant Avoid - Gastro-intestinal ulcers and bleeding, Heart failure, Pregnancy, Breast feeding, Renal impairment. Cautions - Allergic disorders, Elderly, Epilepsy, Ischaemic heart disease, Parkinsonism, Ulcerative colitis, Hepatic impairment. tab:®, Cap:® Adult : Child: |
Avoid - alcohol, Hepatic impairment, Renal impairment , in heart failure, Elderly, Perkinson’s disease. tab:®, Cap:® Adult : Child: |
Avoid - Pregnancy, Tachycardia. Spasmin-10 tab:®, Spasmocibalgin tab:® Adult : Child: |
Herceptin 440mg powder for Infusion:® Adult : Child: |
KOTASE 40mg tab:® Adult : Child: |
KOTASE tab:®, Kimose tab:, Bromotase tab: Adult : Child: |
Marvelon-28 tab:®, Sophie 28 Sugar Coated tab:® Adult : Child: |
Cautions - in Hepatic impairment, Renal impairment. tab:®, Cap:® Adult : Child: |
Avoid - Hepatic impairment, Renal impairment . Cautions - Elderly, Deblitated patients. CREAM OF MAGNESUM chewable tab:, B-Cal tab:, Trisil Plus Chewable tab:, Simecon Suspension 120ml, Digeva-F Gel, Centacid Suspension Adult : Child: |
Acute severe collitis, Ascites, Congestive heart failure, Intestinal obstruction Magnesium citrate tab:, Picoprep Powder for Oral Solution Adult : Child: |
Avoid - Hypersensitivity, Severe hepatic impairment. Cautions - Monitor liver function, Drug interactions, Administer on empty stomach. tab: Rifinah® 150/100, 300/150 Adult : 450/300 mg once daily (≤50 kg), 600/300 mg once daily (≥50 kg) Child: Refer to individual drug components |
Pen-V tab:. tab:®, Cap:® Adult : Child: |
Pataday Ophthalmic Solution:®, Patanol Eye Drops:® Adult : Child: |
Parazox uncoated tab: tab:®, Cap:® Adult : Child: |
Pantin 250mg Inj:, Pantin 500mg Inj:, Milanem Inj. Powder for Inj:®, Cap:® Adult : Child: |
Cautions - CNS disorders, Epilepsy. Pantin 250mg Inj:, Pantin 500mg Inj:, Milanem Powder for Inj:® Adult : Child: |
Pai Nike Inj tab:®, Cap:® Adult : Child: |
Lumiter tab: tab:®, Cap:® Adult : Child: |
Active bleeding, Surgery, Pregnancy, Breast feeding, Hepatic impairment, Renal impairment . Clopid, Clovix, Clopilet, Plagril 75 tab:, Res-Q tab: 75mg, Plagerine Film Coated tab: Adult : Child: |
tab:®, Cap:® Adult : Child: |
Vaxcel Heparin Sodium tab:®, Cap:® Adult : Child: |
Vaxcel Heparin Sodium tab:®, Cap:® Adult : Child: |
Voglibose 0.3mg tab:. tab:®, Cap:® Adult : Child: |
tab:®, Cap:® (Initiate by specialist experienced in the management of motor neurone disease) Adult : Child: |
P-cetam tab:®, Piracetam 400mg tab:®, Nootropil 3g/15ml Inj:®, Lilonton Inj:® Adult : Child: |
Avoid - Acute porphyrias. Cautions - Children, Debilitated, Elderly, History of alkohol abuse, Respiratory depression, Hepatic impairment, Renal impairment , Pregnancy tab:®, Cap:® Adult : Child: |
Cautions - in Hepatic impairment, Renal impairment . CARDENOL tab:®, Polar 10 tab:®, Polar 40 tab:®, Cap:® Adult : Child: |
tab:®, Cap:® Adult : Child: |
tab:®, Cap:® Adult : Child: |
Breast feeding, Renal impairment. Timolol Maleate USP 0.5% Eye Drops:®, Timolol Eye Drops:® Adult : Child: |
Cautions - in renal impairment, Cardiac diseases, Pregnancy, Elderly KATARIA powder pack Adult : Child: |
Intestinal obstruction, Undiagnosed abdomina pain tab:®, Cap:® Adult : Child: |
Avoid - Pregnancy, Breast feeding. Cautions - Hepatic impairment. tab:®, Cap:® Adult : Child: |
Misoprostol tab:®, Cap:® Adult : Child: |
Avoid - Pregnancy, Breast feeding. Cautions - Only 20mg/daily in Hepatic impairment, Renal impairment . Pantozan-20 tab:, PanPure tab:, Pantora-40 tab:, Panzo tab Adult : Child: |
Pregnancy, Breast feeding MITHOEASE 0.2 mg tab:, Cynomax tab: (Under specialist supervision in hospital) Adult : Child: |
Avoid - Pregnancy, Half dose in adult. GASOUT 150 tab:®, Rantac 150 tab:, Xantid Inj: Adult : Child: |
Kremil-S tab:, Kremil-S tab:, Berclomin tab:. Adult : Child: |
Avoid - PregnancyCautions - Ulcerative colitis, Breast feeding, Suppress lactation, Hepatic impairment, Renal impairment . Prokind tab: Adult : Child: |
Adult : Child: |
Avoid - Hypophosphataemia. Fourrts 250mg tab:®, Siloxogene 250mg tab:®, Kremil-S tab:, Magnomint tab:, Trisil Plus Chewable tab:, Simecon Suspension. Adult : Child: |
Ear-drop:® Adult : Child: |
Mirax-M tab:®, Gasidone tab:®, Vertidom tab:, Cosy suspension. Adult : Child: |
Hicet-AX tab:, TriZin tab: Adult : Child: |
Avoid - Acute porphyrias, Pregnancy, Breast feeding, Cautions - Epilepsy, Prostatic hypertrophy Pyloroduodenal obstruction, Urinary retension. Cyproheptadine tab:®, Becoactin syrup(100 ml.) Adult : Child: |
Avoid - Pregnancy, Breast feedingCautions - Hepatic impairment. Side effects - drowsiness, nervousness in children. Lorascot 10 mg tab:®, Loratimed 10 mg tab:®, Lorinol-10 tab:®, Loritab tab:® Adult : 10mg once daily. Child: 5-10mg once daily. |
Aviod(Pregnancy, Breast feeding)Cautions - Renal impairment. DAZIT tab:, D-LOR tab:, Neo Loridin tab: Adult : Child: |
Avoid - Pregnancy, Breast feeding. Maxallergy 120 tab:, Fexodin 120 tab: Adult : Child: |
Avoid - Acute porphyrias, Pregnancy, Breast feeding Cautions - Renal impairment) Levorex tab:, Lecet-5 tab:, Welbeen-L tab:, LCZINE (2.5 mg) 5-ml Syrup:, Lazine-zicet 5 tab: Adult : Child: |
Avoid - Hepatic impairmentPregnancy, Breast feeding, Half dose in Renal impairment. tab:®, Cap:® Adult : Child: |
Avoid - in sever liver cirrhosis. SEROFLO-250 tab:®, Aroflo-125 tab:, Combiwave SF, Inhalation powder. Adult : Child: |
Budesonide + Formoterol, Inhalation powder:®, Cap:® Adult : Child: |
Amino tab:® Adult : Child: |
ALCOLIV 500mg tab:® Adult : Child: |
Selbex 50mg tab:® Adult : Child: |
Avoid - Cardiac disease, Eclampsia, Intra-uterine infection. Cautions - Arrhythmia, Elderly, Epilepsy, Fever, Hypertension, Hyperthyroidism, Peptic ulcer, Hepatic impairment, Breast feeding, Pregnancy. Ventolin inhaler, Sulflo Inhaler, Salbuvent-2 tab:, Salbutamol Syrup 60ml. (Under specialist supervision in hospital) Adult : Child: |
tab:®, Cap:® Adult : Child: |
Brodil Levo Tab: tab:®, Cap:® Adult : Child: |
Coligon-O tab:®, Cap:® Adult : Child: |
Coligon-O tab:®, Cap:® Adult : Child: |
tab:®, Cap:® Adult : Child: |
tab:®, Cap:® Adult : Child: |
BAL In Oil (Pro. Use adjunct with Sodium Calcium Edetate in Lead poisoning. tab:®, Cap:® Adult : Child: |
Charcdote, Liqui-Char Cap:®, Actidose-Aqua Cap:® Adult : Child: |
tab:®, Cap:® Adult : Child: |
Dilute in 100-250 ml saline slow IV Dilute in 100-250 ml saline slow IV. tab:®, Cap:® Adult : Child: |
slow IV. tab:®, Cap:® Adult : Child: |
Forcaltonin inj:® Adult : Child: |
Evzio inj:®, Narcan inj:®, Cap:® Adult : Child: |
tab:®, Cap:® Adult : Child: |
tab:®, Cap:® Adult : Child: |
Antisedan®- IM tab:®, Cap:® Adult : Child: |
tab:®, Cap:® Adult : Child: |
tab:®, Cap:® Adult : Child: |
Desferal Inj: -I.V. Cautions - Pregnancy, Breast feeding, Renal impairment. tab:®, Cap:® Adult : Child: |
Slow I.V and follow by Glucose infusion tab:®, Cap:® Adult : Child: |
Nithiodote (Pro. Use in conjunction with Sodium Thiosulphate. tab:®, Cap:® Adult : Child: |
Nithiodote (Pro. Use in conjunction with Sodium Nitrite. tab:®, Cap:® Adult : Child: |
Cautions - in Renal impairment. tab:®, Cap:® Adult : Child: |
tab:®, Cap:® Adult : Child: |
tab:®, Cap:® Adult : Child: |
tab:®, Cap:® Adult : Child: |
tab:®, Cap:® Adult : Child: |
tab:®, Cap:® Adult : Child: |
tab:®, Cap:® Adult : Child: |
Provayblue (Pro ) tab:®, Cap:® Adult : Child: |
Protopam Chloride, ATNAA (Pro), Pralidoxime mesilate inj: Use adjunct with Atropine Cautions - in Renal impairment and Myasthenia Gravis. tab:®, Cap:® Adult : Child: |
Avoid - Cardiovascular disease, Pregnancy, Breast feeding, Hyperthyroidism, Hypertension. Cautions - Bipolar disorder, Anorexia, Renal impairment. tab:®, Cap:® Adult : Child: |
Avoid - Hyperthyroidism, Hypertension, Cardiovascular disease, Breast feeding. Cautions - Bipolar disorder, History of cardiovascular disease. tab:®, Cap:® Adult : Child: |
Cautions - Hypokalaemia, Bradycardia, History of cardiovascular disease. tab:®, Cap:® Adult : Child: |
tab:®, Cap:® Adult : Child: |
tab:®, Cap:® Adult : Child: |
Avoid - Biliary obstruction, Bowel obstruction. tab:®, Cap:® Adult : Child: |
tab:®, Cap:® Adult : Child: |
Avoid - Gall bladder disease . hypoalbuminaemia . nephrotic syndrome . photosensitivity to fibrates. tab:®, Cap:® Adult : Child: |
Cautions - Correct hypothyroidism before initiating treatment. tab:®, Cap:® Adult : Child: |
Contraindications - Gall bladder disease, pancreatitis, photosensitivity to ketoprofen. Cautions - Correct hypothyroidism before initiating treatment. Side effects - Abdominal pain, diarrhea, flatulence, nausea, vomiting. tab:® cap:® Adult : if capsule form, 200mg daily, then increased if necessary to 267mg daily. if tablet form, 160mg daily. |
Contraindications - Peptic ulcers. Avoid - pregnancy, breastfeeding, renal impairment. Side effects - Asthenia, gastrointestinal disconfort, headache, skin reactions, vasodilation. Olbetam Cap:® Adult : Adjunct to diet. Child: |
tab:®, Cap:® Adult : Child: |
Avoid - Breast feeding. Cautions - Haemorhagic stroke, Renal impairment. tab:®, Cap:® Adult : Child: |
tab:®, Cap:® Adult : Child: |
tab:®, Cap:® Adult : Child: |
ROSWI 10 tab:, Rozatin-10 tab:, Rosave 10 tab:, Rosave 20 tab: Adult : Child: |
tab:®, Cap:® Adult : Child: |
tab:®, Cap:® Adult : Child: |
tab:®, Cap:® Adult : Child: |
under expart supervision tab:®, Cap:® Adult : Child: |
tab:®, Cap:® Adult : Child: |
tab:®, Cap:® (Specialist use only) Adult : Child: |
tab:®, Cap:® (Specialist use only) Adult : Child: |
tab:®, Cap:® Adult : Child: |
tab:®, Cap:® Adult : Child: |
tab:®, Cap:® Adult : Child: |
tab:®, Cap:® Adult : Child: |
tab:®, Cap:® Adult : Child: |
tab:®, Cap:® Adult : Child: |
tab:®, Cap:® Adult : Child: |
Avoid - Breast feeding, Renal impairment, Anuria, Hyperkalaemia. tab:®, Cap:® Adult : Child: |
tab:®, Cap:® Adult : Child: |
tab:®, Cap:® Adult : Child: |
Oral 40 mg daily Cautions - Acute porphyrias. tab:®, Cap:® Adult : Child: |
tab:®, Cap:® Adult : Child: |
tab:®, Cap:® (Initiate by a specialist) Adult : Child: |
tab:®, Cap:® (Specialist use only) Adult : Child: |
tab:®, Cap:® Adult : Child: |
Cautions - Diabetes melliyus. tab:®, Cap:® (Specialist use ony) Adult : Child: |
tab:®, Cap:® Adult : Child: |
Oral 900 mg tab: daily for 100 days. Adult : Child: |
tab:®, Cap:® Adult : Child: |
Oral 480 mg once daily for 100 days Avoid - Pregnancy, Breast feeding. Cautions - Hepatic impairment) tab:®, Cap:® (Initiatd by a specialist) Adult : Child: |
tab:®, Cap:® Adult : Child: |
Oral 50 mg twice daily. tab:®, Cap:® Adult : Child: |
Cautions - Elderly tab:®, Cap:®(150 mg PO once daily) (Specialist use only) Adult : Child: |
Oral 400 mg twice daily. (Initiate by a specialist) Adult : Child: |
Oral 100 mg once daily, Cap:® (Initiate by a specialist) Adult : Child: |
Oral 600 mg once daily Avoid - Renal impairment. Cautions - Hepaticimpairment, Eldly. tab:®, Cap:® Adult : Child: |
Oral 200 mg twice daily Avoid - Acute porphyrias. tab:®, Cap:® Adult : Child: |
Oral 25 mg once daily Avoid - Acute porphyrias. tab:®, Cap:® Adult : Child: |
Oral 600 mg daily in 1–2 divided doses. tab:®, Cap:® Adult : Child: |
tab:®, Cap:® Adult : Child: |
Oral 250 mg daily in 1–2 divided doses. tab:®, Cap:® Adult : Child: |
Oral 200 mg once daily. tab:®, Cap:® Adult : Child: |
Oral 40 mg every 12 hours Cautions - Excessive alcohol intake, History of pancreatitis, History of peripheral neuropathy. tab:®, Cap:® Adult : Child: |
Tenofovir(TAF) tab: Cautions - Hepatic disease. tab:®, Cap:® Adult : Child: |
tab:®, Cap:® Adult : Child: |
Oral 600 mg twice daily. tab:®, Cap:® Adult : Child: |
Oral 700 mg twice daily. tab:®, Cap:® Adult : Child: |
LORITEC tab. tab:®, Cap:® Adult : Child: |
Oral 500 mg every 12 hours for 7 days Avoid - Bradycardia, Heart failure, History of symptomatic arrhythmias. tab:®, Cap:® Adult : Child: |
Oral 500 mg twice daily. tab:®, Cap:® Adult : Child: |
Oral 300 mg twice daily. tab:®, Cap:® Adult : Child: |
Oral 150 mg once daily, tab:®, Cap:® Adult : Child: |
Inhalation powder:®, Cap:® Adult : Child: |
Use under expert supervision. tab:®, Cap:® Adult : Child: |
Avoid - Chronic nephritis, Vascular disease . Cautions - Asthma, Epilepsy, Heart failure, Hypertension, Migraine. tab:®, Cap:® Adult : Child: |
Avoid - Anuria, Hypernatraemia. tab:®, Cap:® Adult : Child: |
Oral 120 mg daily. tab:®, Cap:® Adult : Child: |
Oral 3 g daily in divided doses Avoid - Adrenocortical insufficiency. tab:®, Cap:® Adult : Child: |
tab:®, Cap:® Adult : Child: |
tab:®, Cap:® Adult : Child: |
tab:®, Cap:® Adult : Child: |
tab:®, Cap:® Adult : Child: |
tab:®, Cap:® Adult : Child: |
tab:®, Cap:® Adult : Child: |
tab:®, Cap:® Adult : Child: |
tab:®, Cap:® Adult : Child: |
tab:®, Cap:® (Initiate under specialist supervision) Adult : Child: |
tab:®, Cap:® Adult : Child: |
tab:®, Cap:® Adult : Child: |
tab:®, Cap:® Adult : Child: |
tab:®, Cap:® (Initiate by a specialist) Adult : Child: |
tab:®, Cap:® Adult : Child: |
tab:®, Cap:® (Initiate under specialist supervision) Adult : Child: |
tab:®, Cap:® Adult : Child: |
tab:®, Cap:® Adult : Child: |
Norelut tab:, Norethisterone tab:, Primolut N tab: Adult : Child: |
Testosterone Enanthate Inj:® Adult : Child: |
tab:®, Cap:® Adult : Child: |
tab:®, Cap:® Adult : Child: |
tab:®, Cap:® Adult : Child: |
tab:®, Cap:® Adult : Child: |
Dudat Cap: Adult : Child: |
Oral 5 mL 3–4 times a day Avoid - Cardiac disease, Elderly. tab:®, Cap:® Adult : Child: |
tab:®, Cap:® Adult : Child: |
tab:®, Cap:® Adult : Child: |
tab:®, Cap:® Adult : Child: |
tab:®, Cap:® Adult : Child: |
tab:®, Cap:® Adult : Child: |
tab:®, Cap:® Adult : Child: |
tab:®, Cap:® Adult : Child: |
tab:®, Cap:® Adult : Child: |
tab:®, Cap:® Adult : Child: |
tab:®, Cap:® Adult : Child: |
Stendra tab:® Adult : Child: |
Avoid - Anatomical deformtion of the penis. tab:®, Cap:® Adult : Child: |
tab:®, Cap:® Adult : Child: |
male(0.6-1.2 mg/dl)-female(0.5-1.1 mg/dl) tab:®, Cap:® Adult : Child: |
male(more than 200mcg/minute)-female. tab:®, Cap:® Adult : Child: |
Urokinase-Green Cross inj:®, 60, 000IU inj:®, Cap:® Adult : Child: |
Revelol XL 25 tab:®, Cap:® Adult : Child: |
Besiflox Sterile Ophthalmic Suspension. tab:®, Cap:® Adult : Child: |
Indications - joint injury, Osteoarthritis, Rheumatoid arthritis. Ostonil tab:®, Glucosamine Chondroitin tab:. Adult : Child: |
Gynelone tab: tab:®, Cap:® Adult : Child: |
Hezoy Chewable tab:. tab:®, Cap:® Adult : Child: |
Hicaine 2% Inj:, Lignocain Hcl Gelatin tube. tab:®, Cap:® Adult : Child: |
Lang Inhaler. tab:®, Cap:® Adult : Child: |
Lang Inhaler. tab:®, Cap:® Adult : Child: |
Lactocid tab:. tab:®, Cap:® Adult : Child: |
BIOGAIA Chewable tab:. tab:®, Cap:® Adult : Child: |
Medizinc Chewable tab:, Medizinc Oral Solution Adult : Child: |
Medocephine-S Powder for Inj:®, Cap:® Adult : Child: |
CIMAher Solution for Inj:. tab:®, Cap:® Adult : Child: |
UNI- ma Enema Solution tab:®, Cap:® Adult : Child: |
U4 tab:®, Cap:® Adult : Child: |
cotrim tab:, Cotrimstada tab:, Septrin tab:, Mediseptol 480 tab:, Metxaprim Syrup, Septotrim 24%(100ml inj) Adult : Child: |
Primovist-Solution for Inj: tab:®, Cap:® Adult : Child: |
Scanlux 300mg I/ml Solution for Inj: tab:®, Cap:® Adult : Child: |
Viset Inj: tab:®, Cap:® Adult : Child: |
Visanne 2mg tab: tab:®, Cap:® Adult : Child: |
Ven-Q tab:, Veriun 50 Powder for Oral Suspension. Adult : Child: |
Vaxcel Cefobactam 1g Powder for Inj:®, Cap:® Adult : Child: |
Indications - management of ureteral stones, Benign prostatic hyperplasia (BPH). Urief 4mg tab:®, Cap:® Adult : Child: |
Ultravist -300 Solution for Inj: tab:®, Cap:® Adult : Child: |
Leucovorin Calcium Inj: tab:®, Cap:® Adult : Child: |
Yumangel F Suspension, Yumangel Suspension tab:®, Cap:® Adult : Child: |
Xylomark 0.05 Nasal Drops, Xylonap ND 0.1 Nasal Drops. tab:®, Cap:® Adult : Child: |
Bactapezone Inj: tab:®, Cap:® Adult : Child: |
Bactapezone Inj: tab:®, Cap:® Adult : Child: |
B.N.P Ointment. tab:®, Cap:® Adult : Child: |
Axe Brand Inhaler. tab:®, Cap:® Adult : Child: |
Astymin Forte Cap:, Astymin Liquid Adult : Child: |
Compound Sodium Lactate Intravenous Infusion Adult : Child: |
Celemin Nephro 5% Inj:. Adult : Child: |
Feroglu Syrup 100ml Adult : Child: |
Engerix - B Suspension for Inj: Adult : Child: |
EMAL Inj: Adult : Child: |
Renovit, Nucleo CMP Forte Cap:, Theradyne m tab:, Orioplex - M Film Coated tab:, Diabetone Cap:, Cleavit Cap: Adult : Child: |
Minigadine –MV Eye Drops. Adult : Child: |
Cholezz Cap: Adult : Child: |
Digeva-F Gel. Adult : Child: |
Elemune Inj:. Adult : Child: |
Barcavir tab:, Envir F.C tab:. Adult : Child: |
Cinobac Adult : Child: |
Baxdela Adult : Child: |
Factive Adult : Child: |
tab:®, Cap:® Adult : Child: |
Zagam Adult : Child: |
Trovan Adult : Child: |
Square Zinc-20, Orazinc-20 tab:. Adult : Child: |
Bepanthen First Aid Cream®, Bepanthen Ointment®. Adult : Child: |
Cerazone Plus-500 Powder for Inj:, Cepefoz Powder for Inj:. Adult : Child: |
Osam tab:, B-29 Liquid 60ml, Canogrow Syrup. Adult : Child: |
keratolytic shampoo 2-3 time weekly tab:®, Cap:® Adult : Child: |
Aquarest Oral Powder, Chromwel Soft Cap: Adult : Child: |
Heptopep Syrup. Adult : Child: |
Esrisone tab:, Myosone tab:. Adult : Child: |
Hepavit (Liver extract) Inj: Adult : Child: |
Havrix 1440 Inj: Adult : Child: |
Infanrix-Hexa Inj: Adult : Child: |
Infanrix-Hexa Inj: Adult : Child: |
Avoid - Unstable angina, Severe arrhythmia, Breast feeding. Cautions - Hypotension, Hepatic impairment. MEGA GOLD Cap:, Hovid Omega-3 Cap:® Adult : Child: |
Avoid - Compensatory hypertension, Severe vitaminB12 deficiency. Cautions - Hyponatraemia, Hypothremia, Hypothyroidism, Hepatic impairment, Pregnancy. Picoprep Powder for Oral Solution. Adult : Child: |
Avoid - Complete billary obstruction, Pregnancy, Breast feeding. Cautions - Hepatic impairment. Pharba- Arte Powder for Inj: Adult : Child: |
Avoid - Pregnancy, Breast feeding. Cautions - Arrhythmia, Elderly, Heart disease, Respiratory disease, Hypertension, Electrolyte disturbance. Rabipur Inj: Adult : Child: |
Varilrix Inj: Adult : Child: |
Engerix-B 10 Avoid - Bradycardia, Pregnancy, Breast feeding, Hepatic impairment, Renal impairment . tab:®, Cap:® Adult : Child: |
Natocare Plus, Natocare, Aristovit-M, Biovit-M, Cliden, TS-ONE Cap 20, Pima eyedrop, Nutrum Gold, Obimin, Obimin-AF, Riconia, TS-ONE Cap 25, Cliden eyedrop Avoid - Breast feeding. Cautions - Need contraception during and 6 month after treatment. tab:®, Cap:® Adult : Child: |
Aromatic inhalation powder(In very hot water), Cap:® Adult : Child: |
Aromatic inhalation powder(In very hot water), Cap:® Adult : Child: |
Avoid - Acute porphyrias. tab:®, Cap:® Adult : Child: |
Prostamin tab: Adult : Child: |
SG Megatec soft gel. tab:®, Cap:® Adult : Child: |
Avoid - History of arrhythmia, History of congestive heartfailure, Family history of sudden death, Acute porphyrias) tab:®, Cap:® Adult : Child: |
Oral tab: Avoid - Acute myocardial infarction, Bradycardia, Family history of sudden death, Heart failure, History of symptomatic arrhythmia. tab:®, Cap:® Adult : Child: |
Oral 4 tab: once daily for 3 days. 615 Avoid - Bradycardia, Family history of sudden death, Family history of congestive heart failure, History of arrhythmia. tab:®, Cap:® Adult : Child: |
Oral tab: Avoid - History of psychiatric disorders, History of convulsions, History of blackwater fever. Cautions - Epilepsy. tab:®, Cap:® Adult : Child: |
Oral 30 mg daily Cautions - Juvenile idiopathic arthritis, Rheumatoid arthritis. tab:®, Cap:® Adult : Child: |
tab:®, Cap:® Adult : Child: |
Avoid - Haemoglobinuria . Myasthenia gravis, Optic neuritis, Tinnitus) tab:®, Cap:® Adult : Child: |
Oral 50 mg once daily Cautions - History of seizures. tab:®, Cap:® Adult : Child: |
Oral 1 mg once daily Cautions - HIV infection. tab:®, Cap:® Adult : Child: |
tab:®, Cap:® Adult : Child: |
Oral 10 mg once daily. tab:®, Cap:® Adult : Child: |
(SC) tab:®, Cap:® Adult : Child: |
Oral 50/100 mg once daily for 12 weeks. tab:®, Cap:® Adult : Child: |
(SC) tab:®, Cap:® Adult : Child: |
tab:®, Cap:® (Initiate by a specialist) Adult : Child: |
tab:®, Cap:® (Specialist use only) Adult : Child: |
Oral Dose according to requirements. tab:®, Cap:® Adult : Child: |
tab:®, Cap:® Adult : Child: |
Oral 75 mg daily in divided doses Avoid - Arrhythmias, During the manic phase of bipolar disorder, Heart block. tab:®, Cap:® Adult : Child: |
tab:®, Cap:® Adult: Child: |
Apply once daily on skin tab:®, Cap:® Adult : Child: |
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